Extinction

Biological terminology

Biological extinction, also known as biological extinction, is a specific kind of geology phenomenon 。 It does not always go on at a uniform speed and gradually. There are often large-scale mass extinction section , whole order Even whole Outline Only a few of them can survive in a very short time.

stay Cluster extinction In the process, it is often all species in the whole taxon, whether in ecosystem No matter what their status is, they can't escape this disaster. In addition, many different biological groups often go extinct together, but there are always other groups that have survived, and some groups have been born or began to flourish. Large scale cluster extinction has certain periodicity. It happens once every 63 million years, but the impact of mass extinction on animals is the largest, and Terrestrial plant The mass extinction of is not as significant as that of animals.

Chinese name: Extinction
Alias: Biological extinction

Prehistoric life: dinosaur Extinction
Human era: Accelerated extinction

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Prehistoric life

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Extinction

Large scale Cluster extinction At least nine times, the largest cluster extinction occurred twice. First occurred in the paleozoic era At the end of the period, this extinction mainly occurred in the ocean Bioherm The third collapse of. Extinct groups at the end of Paleozoic era, including protozoa Spindle worm All of; Coelenterata Of Tetragonal coral All of; Mollusca Of Ammonites Most of, Mollusk All of; Arthropoda Doory Tachypleus amebocyte All of; Echinoderma Doory Hai Lei All of, Crinoid Most of; Brachiopoda Most of; Bryozoan Most of the door. The extinction of land animals is not so significant. The second time mesozoic At the end of the period, the famous "dinosaur extinction", the animals in the sea and on the land had a mass extinction, but the extinction in the sea did not the paleozoic era The last violent. There are many extinct groups at the end of Mesozoic plankton ； Mollusca All of the clams, Ammonites All of, Archery stone Most of Gastropods ； Reptilian dinosaurs, Chinese alligators, Pterosaur , many groups Marine reptile 。 Large scale Cluster extinction Or, for example, the extinction of stromatoporoids in the Late Devonian Bioherm The second collapse, extinction or decline of animals mainly include Solar coral ， Armored fish and Scutellaria , Room 5 shellfish Etc. In the late Triassic, the early reptiles were replaced by new reptiles, and the extinct or declining animals were mainly mammal like reptiles. Grooved teeth ， Cuposaurus ， Nothosauria , holovertebrate amphibians, most of ammonites, many gastropods and odontoliths.

Human era

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Extinction (7 sheets)

Since the birth of human beings, especially since they entered the civilized society, there have been many gastropods and odontoids.

Development history

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Mammut americanum The extinction of large mammals in the Americas may be related to the entry of humans into the Americas. In the last 100 or 200 years, the rate of biological extinction has reached an unprecedented level, and it occurred simultaneously in the animal kingdom and the plant kingdom. It is only a few decades since the number of traveling pigeons in North America went from several billion to extinction. Nearly 1000 of the more than 9000 bird species are seriously threatened, and many animals are left with only dozens or hundreds, such as Baiji dolphin The extinction of animals is almost predictable.

Extinction period

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Six mass extinctions	Time from now
1. The transition between Cambrian and Ordovician	About 510 million years ago
2. The transition between Ordovician and Silurian	About 438 million years ago
3. Late Devonian	About 375~355 million years ago
4. Transition between Permian and Triassic	About 250 million years ago
5. Transition between Triassic and Jurassic	About 205 million years ago
6. The transition between Cretaceous and Tertiary	About 65 million years ago

Note: Many people believe that Proterozoic Period, Ediacaran fauna The disappearance of also represents a large-scale biological extinction. The first and second can be combined, and the sixth is strictly Holocene extinction event.^[1]

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