Cabbage（Brassica oleraceavar.capitataLinnaeus），Brassica is a biennial herb of Cruciferae, with fleshy stems, short and strong, unbranched;The leaves are many, thick, and wrapped into globules layer by layer, milky white or light green;Petals pale yellow, wide and long obovate or nearly round;The fruit is cylindrical, slightly flat on both sides, and the fruit stalk is upright.Flowering in April and fruiting in May.Cabbage gets its name because it can be used as indigo dye. In addition, although it is a vegetable, it is also called blue vegetable because its leaves are blue-green.[10-11]
Cabbage originated in the Mediterranean Sea and was introduced into China from the north and south in the middle of the 16th century. It is now cultivated all over China;They prefer a mild cold climate, are not resistant to heat, drought and water stains, and require loose and fertile soil types, suitable for growing in gardens with good drainage and fertile soil.The propagation method of cabbage is seed propagation.[12-15]
The thick juice of cabbage leaves is used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers.[2]
Chinese name
Cabbage
Latin name
Brassica oleraceavar.capitataLinnaeus[2]
Alias
Cabbage、Cabbage、Lotus White (Sichuan, Yunnan)、a turnip、Broccoli、cabbage、cabbage、cabbage、cabbage、Lotus、Cabbage
Cabbage gets its name because it can be used as indigo dye. In addition, although it is a vegetable, it is also called blue vegetable because its leaves are blue-green.[10-11]
Cabbage is a very ancient vegetable. People began to make it into delicious food in the ancient Greek and Roman times more than 4000 years ago.In Europe todayKreidefelsen Wild cabbage can still be seen growing on the wasteland.[8]Cabbage was introduced into China from the north and south in the middle of the 16th century, and now it is cultivated all over China.
biennialherbaceous, covered with powder.The short and strong annual stem is fleshy, unbranched, green or grayish green.Most of the basal leaves are thick, wrapped into globules layer by layer, oblate, 10-30 cm in diameter or larger, milky white or light green;The biennial stems have branches and stem leaves.Basal leafAnd the lower stem leaves are oblong, obovate to round, up to 30 cm long and wide.Rounded at the top, abruptly narrowed at the base into a very short one with wide wingspetiole, with wavy and inconspicuous serrations on the edge;The upper stem leaves are ovate or oblong ovate, 8-13.5 cm long, 3.5-7 cm wide, and the base is amplexicaul;The uppermost leaf is oblong, about 4.5 cm long and 1 cm wide, with amplexicon.[2]
racemeTerminal and axillary;The flowers are pale yellow, 2-2.5 cm in diameter;Pedicel 7-15 mm long;Sepals erect, linear oblong, 5-7 mm long;Petals are wide elliptic obovate or suborbicular, 13-15 mm long, veins are obvious, the top is slightly absent, the base suddenly narrows into claws, and the claws are 5-7 mm long.Longhorn fruitCylindrical, 6-9 cm long, 4-5 mm wide, slightly compressed on both sides, prominent midvein, conical beak, 6-10 mm long;Fruiting pedicel is thick, erect and spreading, 2.5-3.5 cm long.seedSpherical, 1.5-2 mm in diameter, brown.florescenceApril, fruiting in May.[2][17]
Main varieties
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varieties
characteristic
heart-shaped
The plant is short, relatively upright, and its spreading degree is 30-35cm.Outer leaves 13-17, blue-green.The leaf ball is in the shape of a heart, with a thin top. The inner stem is short, that is, the central column is 8-9 cm high. The ball is not very compact, and the quality is good. The weight of a single leaf ball is 0.3-0.5 kg.Within 60 days from planting to harvesting.
Ox heart
The plant is large, with a development of 35-40cm, 15-19 outer leaves, and blue-green.The leaf ball is heart shaped, the top of the leaf is conical, the central column is 6-7cm thick and short, the ball is relatively tight, the quality is medium, and the single leaf ball weighs 0.6-1.0kg.60-70 days from planting to harvesting.
Primula
The plant is medium in size, 40-45cm in spreading degree, 15-17 outer leaves, dark green.The leaf ball is close to the net ball, the central column is 5-7cm high, the ball is compact, and the quality is good. The single leaf ball weighs 0.75-1.00kg.50-55 days from planting to harvesting.
eight thousand three hundred and ninety-eight
It was bred by the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It is a spring cabbage hybrid with early maturity, high yield and high quality. It has strong winterness, is not prone to premature bolting, is resistant to dry burning heart disease, and has good flavor quality.The plant is medium in size, 40-45cm in spreading degree, 13-15 outer leaves, dark green.The leaf ball is net shaped, the central column is 5-6cm high, the ball is compact, and the quality is good. The single leaf ball weighs 0.8-1.0kg.It takes about 50 days from planting to harvesting.
Zhonggan No. 11
The plant is medium in size, 40-45cm in spreading degree, 14-16 outer leaves, dark green.The leaf ball is round, the central column is 5-7cm high, the ball is compact, and the quality is good. The single leaf ball weighs 0.75-1.00kg.It takes about 50 days from planting to harvesting.
Early Summer 16
First generation hybrid cabbage, the whole growth period is 80-90 days.The plant is upright, with high uniformity and less development than "Xiaguang", which can be planted in moderate density.The leaves are dark in color, thick in wax, strong in heat resistance and stress resistance, resistant to viruses and black rot.The leaf bulb is flat, and it has early heading. It has good marketability and high yield. The yield per mu is about 2600kg.It is suitable for cultivation in high temperature and humidity seasons in the south of the Yangtze River and in some northern areas.
Contend for spring
First generation hybrid cabbage.The spreading degree is 50 cm, the plant height is 26 cm, and the outer leaves are 11-12 pieces.The leaf bulb is fat and pointed, with tight core, medium wax powder, strong winterness, difficult to bolt early, and short central column.The yield of spring cabbage is more than 30% higher than that of "chicken heart" and "cow heart".
Early Spring 6th
The outer leaves are blue-green, the plant height is about 34 cm, and the spreading degree is about 55 cm.It is heart-shaped, with light green bulbous leaves, fine veins and good quality.The height of the ball is 15.2 cm, the transverse diameter of the ball is 11.4 cm, the height of the central column is 5.4 cm, less than 1/2 of the height of the ball, and the average weight of a single ball is about 0.85 kg.The yield per mu is more than 2500 kg, which is about 10% more than the control "Spring Contest".It has strong cold resistance, early bolting resistance and strong resistance to black rot.It is suitable for planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Lvzhu No.1
The whole growth period is about 100 days.The plant is upright, with a spreading degree of 70cm and a height of 45cm. The outer leaves are green and flat, and the wax powder is medium.The lobular ball is high and net spherical, the ball is compact and neat, more than 80 balls per plant, and the weight of a single ball is 10-15g.The heart leaf is creamy yellow, crisp and tender.Under the low temperature condition, it has good heading, regular ball size, late bolting and long harvest time.If the fertilizer and water are properly managed, the harvest can be extended to the middle of April of the next year.Generally, the yield per mu is 1500-2000 kg.
Shanghai Heiye Small Flat Head
The plant is medium to large, 60-70cm in development and 30cm in height.There are 19-21 outer leaves, dark green, flat net shaped leaf bulbs, 8-9 cm high central column, and relatively compact bulbs. Generally, the weight of a single leaf bulb is 1.0-1.5 kg.About 85 days from planting to harvesting.
Yellow seedling
The plant is medium to large, with vigorous growth, 70-80cm development, 35-40cm plant height.There are 21-23 outer leaves, light yellow green leaves, flat net shaped leaf balls, 5-6cm high central column, compact bulbs, good quality, generally 1.5-2.0kg single leaf balls, 85-90 days from planting to harvesting.
Jingfeng No.1
It was bred by the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with a large plant and a development degree of 70-80cm.15-17 outer leaves, grayish green leaves, flat net shaped leaf balls, 6-7cm high central column, compact bulbs, good quality, 2.0-2.5kg single leaf balls, 85-90 days from planting to harvesting.
Qingfeng
It was bred by the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The plant is medium in size and 60-70cm in development.15-17 outer leaves, dark green, slightly flat leaf ball, nearly round, 6-7cm central column, compact ball, good quality, 1.5-2.0kg single leaf ball, 80-85 days from planting to harvesting.
Xia Guang
It was bred by the Institute of Protected Horticulture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The plant is medium in size, 60-70cm in development, 17-19 outer leaves, and dark green leaves.The leaf ball is close to the net shape and slightly pointed, the top net is empty, the central column is 7-8 cm, the ball is firm, the quality is good, the weight of single leaf ball is 1.5-2.0 kg, 80-85 days from planting to harvesting.
Big black leaf
The plant is tall with a spread of 75-90cm.92-97 outer leaves, dark green.Lobules large, nearly flat reticulate, central column 13-15 cm.As the leaves are thick and the bulbs are compact, the weight of a single bulb is 2.5-3.0 kg, and it takes 120 days from planting to harvesting.
Phoebe parvifolia
The plant is tall and its spreading degree is 80-90cm.The outer leaf is loose, the leaf margin is obviously notched, grayish green.The leaf ball is large, nearly flat net shaped, the central column is 13-15 cm, the ball is not very tight, and the single leaf ball weighs 2.5-3.0 kg, 130-140 days from planting to harvesting.
Late abundance
It was bred by the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The plant is tall, with a development degree of 75-85 cm, 17-19 outer leaves, and green leaves.The leaf ball is oblate and round, the central column is 9-10 cm, the ball is relatively compact, and the weight of a single leaf ball is 2.0-2.5 kg, which lasts 100-110 days from planting to harvesting.
Qiufeng
It was bred by the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The plant is tall, with a development of 75-80cm, 15-17 outer leaves, grayish green color, and obvious veins.The leaf ball is flat and net shaped, the central column is 8-9 cm, the ball is relatively tight, the weight of a single leaf ball is 2.0-2.5 kg, and it takes 90-100 days from planting to harvesting.
Yi Chun
It belongs to spring cabbage type.The whole growth period is about 210 days, and about 145 days from planting to harvesting.The plant development is 48-52 cm, the outer leaves are wrinkled, the leaves are dark green, and the wax powder is medium.The leaf ball is fat and pointed, with a compact core, and the central column is less than 1/2 of the ball height. The taste is glutinous and tender, and the weight of a single ball is 1.0-1.5kg.It has strong winterness and is not easy to bolt early.It is suitable for planting in the Yangtze River basin and other places.
Sugan 17
A new cabbage variety for overwintering and spring in open field has the characteristics of strong winterness, early maturity and good quality.The plant spread is about 65 cm.The plant is about 32 cm tall, with emerald green leaves, medium wax powder, and slightly warped leaf margins.The leaves are peach shaped, with a spherical index of 1.1. The meat is crisp, tender and sweet.The single ball weighs about 1.5kg.It can be sown from September 20 to the middle of October in the Yangtze River basin, planted at the seedling age of 45 days, listed in April of the next year, or cultivated in autumn.
Sugan 602
The outer leaves are dark green, the wax powder is medium, the leaf bulbs are round, the bulb leaves are thick, the taste is sweet, the ball is tight, the central column is short, and it is resistant to storage.The weight of a single bulb is about 1.5 kg. It is sown in the middle and late August, planted in early October, and harvested in the next 2-3 months. Harvesting can be extended to the late March, without splitting the bulb.It is suitable for outdoor winter cultivation in the Yangtze River basin and its south area.
Dongchun No.1
The plant height is 35-40cm, the spreading degree is 50cm, the leaves are dark green and thick, the top of the leaf bulb is slightly pointed, the pericardium is tight, bolting resistant, and the weight of a single bulb is about 1.5kg.This variety has strong winterness, late bolting, no pollution, high efficiency, labor and time saving, and can safely survive the winter at - 8 to 10 ℃. It is a very important anti season cabbage variety.
Cold spring
The plant height is 35-40cm, and the spreading degree is 55cm.The outer leaves are dark green, the inner leaves are milky yellow, the central column is short, the leaves are sweet and crisp, and the quality is excellent.The leaf ball is round in sparse planting cultivation, and approximate to round in high-density cultivation.Single ball weighs 1.5-3.0kg.This variety is strong in winter, cold resistant, disease resistant, and extremely resistant to bolting.It can survive the winter safely in the low temperature area of - 12 ℃.
reference material:[4]
Habitat
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Habitat
It is native to northern Mediterranean rock;Training is available all over China.Prefer mild cold climate, not resistant to heat, suitable temperature for growth is 10-20 ℃, slow growth above 25 ℃, not resistant to drought and waterlogging, and loose and fertile soil type is required;It is suitable for growing in gardens with good drainage and fertile soil.[5-7]
Congeneric species
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About 40 species, mostly distributed in the Mediterranean region;There are 6 species in China.[18]
Reproductive methods
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The propagation method of cabbage is seed propagation.
Variety selection
Early maturing spring cabbage (the first crop) should be cultivated with early maturing varieties, with a growth period of about 55 days, fast heading speed, cold tolerance, strong winter resistance, resistance to bolting, good quality, high yield and good benefits.Common varieties are: Zhonggan 11, 8132, Zhonggan 8, Gangtou 50, etc.Summer and autumn cultivation varieties can be Heibeizao, crack resistant Heibeizao, 8132, Lvxiu, Lvyu, etc.[3]
Determination of sowing date
sow
It is very important to determine the sowing date of early maturing spring cabbage cultivation. The sowing date is too early and the seedling age is too old. In the case of warm winter and cold spring, it is easy to vernalize and pull moss. If the sowing date is too late, it will inevitably affect the early maturity of cabbage, fail to achieve the goal of early maturity, and affect the second crop cultivation period.Therefore, the correct sowing date requires that the ground temperature of 20cm should be stable at more than 5 ℃ and the temperature should be stable at more than 12 ℃. According to the above requirements, 55 days ahead is the suitable seedling raising period.Generally, the first crop of seedling raising in Guyuan City is in late February, and greenhouse plug seedling raising is adopted.In production, it should also be flexibly controlled according to local climate conditions, seedling raising conditions and variety maturity.[3]
Selection of nursery substrate and plug
grow seedlings
There are many kinds of seedling growing media. The media with uniform fiber fineness, good air permeability, strong fertilizer and water retention, high content of organic matter and humic acid, non-toxic, sterile and pest free must be selected.In production, vegetable farmers can also make their own seedling growing media: use fertile garden soil, the previous crop is not cruciferous, 75% of which is screened fine soil, 25% of which is fully decomposed farm manure, and apply 1 kg of calcium superphosphate, or 0.5 kg of diammonium phosphate, 0.5 kg of urea, 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate, carbendazim, thiram, and dexamethasone to sterilize every 5 cubic meters, which is 20-25 grams.When raising seedlings, 72 hole or 98 hole trays are generally selected, each hole has one seed, and the sowing depth is 1cm.[3]
Seedling management
The management of plug seedling raising of cabbage is very critical, especially the number and amount of watering in early spring seedling raising. Too much water will easily reduce the substrate temperature. At the same time, large water will affect germination and easily mold seeds.The water is too little, the seedlings can not fully absorb water and expand, the internal nutrients can not be decomposed, the seedlings emerge slowly or the back buds die.In addition, according to the temperature requirements of different stages of cabbage seedlings, temperature management should be done well to cultivate healthy seedlings.[3]
Standard for strong seedlings of cabbage
After low temperature training, the seedlings reach a certain standard, with 6-7 leaves, thick dark green leaves, thick stems, short internodes, white developed roots, no pests, no defects, cotyledons did not fall off when planting, and the terminal buds did not have flower bud differentiation.Such seedlings slow down quickly after planting, and have high yield of compact nodulation.[3]
cultivation techniques
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Soil selection
Cabbage is not too strict with soil, and can be cultivated in sandy loam, loam and clay;There is no strict requirement for soil acidity and alkalinity, and the adaptability is relatively wide.However, in order to obtain high yield, light sandy loam or loam with high soil organic matter content, deep soil layer, and strong soil and water conservation fertility should be selected. The previous crop should preferably be non cruciferous vegetables.[3]
In order to achieve high yield and high-quality products, loose and fertile loam and light sandy loam should be selected for cultivation. The previous crop is not a cruciferous field, and it is better that the previous crop is the stubble of grain crops.Continuous cropping of cabbage is prohibited.[3]
Cultivation form and stubble arrangement
Cabbage is a long sunshine plant, but it is not strict with light requirements.Therefore, Guyuan can be cultivated in late spring, summer and autumn.Ridge planting is the main method. In areas below 1800 meters above sea level, two crops of production can be carried out a year, that is, one film for two purposes, two crops of cultivation mode. Seedling raising and transplanting are adopted.In late spring, large seedlings are planted in the greenhouse in late February. The seedlings are 50-55 days old. They are planted in mid April to late April and come into the market in late June.Early autumn cultivation is carried out in the greenhouse or arch shed in the middle of June. At this time, it is high temperature and long sunshine. In the early stage of seedling cultivation, proper shading should be paid attention to. Seedlings should be planted on the first row of original ridges in the first half of July, with a seedling age of about 25 days.In areas above 1800 meters, only one crop of production is carried out a year. Small arched sheds are added in greenhouses or arched sheds to raise seedlings in the first half of March. The seedlings are about 50 days old, planted in late April, and listed in the first half of June.[3]
Fertilization and land preparation
Before winter or after thawing in early spring, the soil shall be applied to each mu for decompositionFarmyard manure3000-4000 kg,Diammonium phosphate30 kg,potassium sulphate7kg and 30cm deep rotary tillage to make the ground flat and the soil fine.[3]
Ridge forming, film covering and drip irrigation tape laying
The ridge is 1.2m wide, 90cm wide, 15-20cm high, and 30cm wide.Drip irrigation belt can be laid after the ridge is formed.The drip irrigation belt can be 5-patch drip irrigation belt or 6-patch drip irrigation belt, with a wall thickness of 0.2mm and a distance of 0.3m between dripper.Three drip irrigation belts shall be evenly laid on each ridge at an interval of 40cm.The end of each drip irrigation belt shall be plugged or tied to prevent water from flowing out;The length of the inlet end shall be consistent to facilitate the connection with the branch pipe.1.2 m wide plastic film shall be used for covering, and soil shall be used to compact around the plastic film.[3]
Planting period and density
After the spring late frost, the ground temperature can be stabilized above 5 ℃ before planting. The planting time is from mid April to late April, and the planting time is selected after 3 o'clock in the morning and afternoon on sunny days.According to the row spacing of 40 cm and the plant spacing of 25-30 cm, 5000-6000 plants/mu are planted.[3]
Management after planting
one
Water and fertilizer management: for the convenience of management, drip irrigation should be switched on after each planting, and the drip irrigation time should be controlled at about 2 hours.During production, it shall be determined according to the pressure boosting equipment for drip irrigation. In principle, it shall be subject to the fact that the soil on the ridge fully permeates water and there is a slight overflow of water under the ridge.The first topdressing irrigation is carried out about 15 days after planting, and the balanced water soluble fertilizer is 5 kg/mu for drip irrigation with water.In the future, properly control water and crouch seedlings. When the bulb and leaf begin to embrace, crouch seedlings will be ended, and the second topdressing and irrigation will be carried out, with a fertilizer amount of 6 kg/mu.Thereafter, water once every 10 days, and conduct the third topdressing at the core wrapping stage, with the same amount of fertilizer as the first.Water shall be stopped 10 days before harvesting to prevent ball cracking and facilitate harvesting and transportation.[3]
two
Weeding and soil loosening: It is necessary to loosen the soil and weed 2-3 times from 15 days after planting to 10 days before harvesting, which is beneficial to improving the ground temperature, enhancing the soil permeability, promoting root development, preventing weed growth from competing with cabbage for fertilizer and water, and spreading diseases and pests.Generally, when the soil surface turns white after two times of watering, weeding should be carried out in combination with scarifying, with a depth of 10 cm;In case of sunny days after rain, the soil shall also be loosened in time to prevent soil hypoxia.[3]
Timely harvest
In order to strive for early listing, when the leaf ball is 80% tight, it can be listed and supplied in succession.Generally, they are harvested once every 3-4 days at the beginning and once every 1-2 days later.After collection, the products will be sold in graded packaging.The outer package shall be marked with trademark name, place of origin, production date and other marks.Long distance export needs pre cooling in advance.[3]
Hazard symptoms:Damage to leaves and leaf bulbs. The cotyledons at seedling stage form water stains, and then gradually spread to true leaves. Small black spots or thin black stripes appear on the veins of true leaves;"V" shaped disease spots appear on the leaf margin. Adult plants often start to develop disease from the lower leaves, forming leaf spots or yellow veins. The leaf spots expand from the leaf margin to the inner leaves in a "V" shape, necrosis and expansion, and are yellowish brown;The pathogen spread to the stem and root to form black reticulate veins, leading to plant wilting and death.When cabbage comes on after heading, light black disease spots will appear on the leaf ball, and local leaf veins will become purple black and gradually expand, but will not soften and decay.When the rhizome is invaded, the vessel part becomes black and gradually decays, and cavities appear in the rhizome.Different from soft rot, the diseased part does not soften and collapse, and has no foul smell.[3]
Prevention methods:Sowing in time and watering reasonably to prevent root and leaf injury;Sterilize the seeds. Soak the seeds in "two cools and one open" warm water for 20-30 minutes, then take them out for sowing or germination seeding after cooling, or soak the seeds in 200 times of 50% methenamine for 15 minutes, wash them and dry them for sowing, or soak the seeds in 1000 times of streptomycin for 2 hours, or mix the seeds with 0.4% thiram.[3]
Hazard symptoms:After the cabbage is wrapped, water soaked soft rot occurs at the base of the stem or inside the cabbage. Later, the plant withers and yellows, and the outer leaves droop and fall off, exposing the leaf bulbs.[3]
Prevention methods:Before planting, turn the soil 20 cm deep, pay attention to drainage in rainy seasons, and implement the integration of drip irrigation, water and fertilizer;Do not water on cloudy days and at noon. The permanent vegetable base should rotate with onion, garlic and solanaceous crops.Timely control aphids, timely pull out diseased plants, and sprinkle lime around the diseased holes to seal the holes for disinfection.At the initial stage of the disease, use chemicals for prevention and control. When spraying, pay attention to spraying the petioles and rhizomes close to the ground. The following chemicals are commonly used: use 800 times solution of 50% methenamine solution, or 4000 times solution of streptomycin or chloramphenicol, or 500 times - 600 times solution of antibacterial agent "401", spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously.[3]
Brown rot of cabbage
Hazard symptoms:Brown rot of cabbage can occur in the whole growth period, and it often causes a large area of death in seedling stage.At the initial stage, the root and stem become diseased, and the diseased part becomes brown and constricts, and the pathogen spreads up and down along the diseased part, causing the root or young root to become brown and rot.When the humidity is high, there will be gray white arachnoid mold, that is, the mycelium of the pathogen.Under dry conditions, the epidermis of the diseased part often leaves the vascular bundle tissue, causing the leaves to wither and droop or wither.Infected in the adult stage, it often causes the root and root neck to become brown and rotten, and sometimes the base petiole is grayish brown or purple brown, decaying and necrotic, and constantly expands upward, causing the whole plant to wither and die.[3]
Prevention methods:Fully decomposed organic fertilizer shall be applied, and the seedlings shall be raised with plug matrix. When planting, the heart leaves shall be exposed outside, and the soil shall not be buried;Drainage shall be carried out in time after rain, and when appropriate, weeds shall be used to loosen the soil, and diseased leaves at the base shall be removed.At the initial stage of the disease, use 50% Liketobacter wettable powder 600 times solution, or 50% Jinggangmycin 1500 times solution, or 72.2% Prick water 600 times solution alternately, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.[3]
Hazard symptoms:It mainly harms leaves. The disease of adult leaves starts from the lower or outer leaves.At the beginning of the disease, light green or yellow spots appear on the leaf surface, the spots become yellow or yellowish brown after expansion, and become brown after death.The spread of disease spot is polygonal or irregular due to the limitation of leaf vein.When the air is humid, the back of the corresponding leaf is covered with white to grayish white downy mildew layer, so it is called "downy mildew".[3]
Prevention methods:Carry out alternate year rotation with non cruciferous crops, reasonably close planting, clean the countryside after the previous harvest, and carry out deep turning in autumn;Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in the field, apply sufficient base fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and reasonably top dressing;The seedbed shall be ventilated and transparent, pay attention to drainage in the field, ridge planting, and timely drain the ponding after rain to reduce the field humidity.The preferred medicament is 2.1% norhexyl 800 times solution or 50% azoxystrobin 1000-2000 times solution, which is used alternately for 2-3 times, once every 7-10 days. The control effect is good.Next, spray 25% metalaxyl wettable powder with 600 times liquid, 58% metalaxyl · manganese zinc wettable powder with 600 times liquid, or 72% clew wettable powder with 800 times liquid, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.[3]
Brassica oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var. oleracea var.In the light case, several layers of leaves outside the leaf bulb split, and in the heavy case, they were deep to short stems.[3]
The main reasons for dehiscence are: ① The leaf ball is crisp and tender after heading, and the cells are less flexible. When the soil water supply is too much, the cells absorb too much water, causing the leaf ball to burst. ②When the soil is short of water, sudden rainfall or excessive watering will cause the leaf ball to crack. ③Variety characteristics, some varieties are easy to crack.Generally, the sharp end varieties have less ball cracking, while the round end and flat end varieties have more ball cracking. ④Overripe cabbage is easy to crack.[3]
Control methods: select cabbage varieties that are not suitable for splitting;Choose a land plot with flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and fertile soil to plant cabbage;Apply sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer to enhance soil water and fertilizer conservation capacity and reduce the impact of water changes on cabbage;During the whole growth period of cabbage, it is necessary to irrigate the soil several times in an appropriate amount to keep the soil evenly supplied with water. Generally, the soil humidity is appropriate at 70-80%, and the drainage should be timely after rain.[3]
Hazard symptoms:It is mainly harmful from seedling stage to pericardial stage.While feeding on cabbage juice, aphids also spread virus diseases, resulting in mosaic, malformation, slow growth, loose or even no pericardium.[3]
Prevention methods:20% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrates 2000-3000 times, or 2.5%DeltamethrinEmulsion 2000-3000 times, or 10%ImidaclopridSpray 1000-2000 times of wettable powder or 2000-3000 times of 50% anti aphid wettable powder to prevent drug resistance.Botanical pesticides can be used in the production of pollution-free vegetables, such as 0.6%Matrine800 times liquid, 0.25% scopolamine 500 times liquid leaf spray.[3]
Hazard symptoms:Larvae feed on cabbage leaves, and its fecal pollution causes harm.After the fourth instar of larvae, the food intake is the largest and the harm is the most serious, so the control must be carried out before the fourth instar.[3]
Prevention methods:Spray 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times, or 0.5% vegetable and fruit net 700-800 times, or 25% chlorfenuron No.3 suspension 1000 times, or 0.6% matrine 800 times.[3]
Key values
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The thick juice of cabbage leaves is used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers.[2]
anticancer
Phytochemicals contained in cabbage can be used as important antioxidants and the prevention of anti-inflammatory related chronic diseases, including cancer.
And coronary artery disease
Its rich antioxidant ingredients can enhance the detoxification ability of the enzyme system in the body, neutralize the damage caused by toxins to DNA, and also prevent cancer cell metastasis.
Improve gastric ulcer
Cabbage is rich in methionine, which is common in cabbage, lettuce and alfalfa sprouts.This ingredient may help heal peptic ulcer in green plants.
Improve blood sugar and blood lipid
According to the research, the sprouts of cabbage may improve the insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes. In addition, a cabbage contains about 7.8 grams of fiber, and sufficient fiber intake can delay the rise of blood sugar after meals and promote the metabolism of blood fat.Maintain bone density.In addition to sufficient calcium and vitamin D, maintaining bone density also requires a variety of nutrients to maintain bone metabolism, one of which is vitamin K.Vitamin K is a cofactor that assists in enzyme synthesis and calcium binding protein, and is related to maintaining bone density.Every 100 grams of cabbage is rich in about 100-200 micrograms of vitamin K9. If you take 100 grams, you can get enough vitamin K9 for a day to avoid vitamin K deficiency.[1]
This species is mainly used for vegetable cultivation. Botanical gardens and parks can be planted for science popularization teaching activities, and also suitable for farmhouse recreation, ecological garden planting and viewing or science popularization.[18]
Extended Reading
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Selection method
Feel: High quality purple cabbage feels heavy when it is taken, which means that the purple cabbage has sufficient water and compact structure, and tastes better, while low-quality purple cabbage feels lighter when taken, and it will feel insufficient juice and taste worse.[1]
Look at the appearance: High quality purple cabbage looks bright and shiny, while low quality purple cabbage looks dull and lusterless.[1]
