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The corresponding physics credits areTheoretical physicsandExperimental physicsPhysicists can also be divided into theoretical physicists andexperimental physicist 。Of course, both theory and experiment are indispensable components in physics, so sometimes such classification is difficult to define.Only when a physicist is more theoretical, he or she is called a theoretical physicist, such asEinstein；However, if we focus on experiments, we are called experimental physicists, such asFaraday。
Theoretical physics is like askyscraper。He has a solid foundation in basic mathematics and classical (before the 20th century) physics.Even if we have so many breakthroughs in physics now, we should not think that physics before the 20th century is irrelevant.In those days, the solid foundation was where we put the knowledge we enjoyed.Don't try to build your own skyscraper until you have rebuilt these foundations yourself.The lower floors of the skyscraper are made up of advanced mathematics. They letClassical physicsThe theory becomes more beautiful.If you want to go higher, this is necessary.After that, list some other topics.Finally, if you are crazy enough to solve those terrible and puzzling problems of mediating the contradiction between gravitational physics and the quantum world, you will need to continue to learnGeneral relativity, superstring, M-theory, Karabi Chou compactification, etc.This is the current top of the skyscraper.There are other peaks, such as Bose Einstein condensation,Fractional quantum Hall effect, etc.As has been proved in the past few years, it is also a good topic winning the Nobel Prize.Here's a piece of advice: even if you are extremely smart, you are still likely to be trapped in some places.Surf the Internet yourself.Find more things.Tell me what you found.If this site is helpful to those who plan to enter the university, if it inspires some people, helps some people to walk along this road, and removes some obstacles on his or her way to science, then I think this site is successful.Please let me know.Here is the list of courses.
Course list, in logical order (not everything must be in this order, but this order approximately indicates the differencesubjectThe logical relationship of.Some articles have a higher level than others)
(At the current initial stage, this page is still incomplete.)
Language: English is a prerequisite.If you haven't mastered it, learn it now.You must be able to read, write, speak and understand English, but you need not be very good.The disgusting English in this article was written by myself.That's enough.All publications are in English.Pay attention to the importance of being able to write in English.Soon you will want to publish your own results.People must be able to read and understand your material.
French, German, Spanish and Italian may also be useful, but they are not required.They are not based on our skyscrapers, so don't worry.You really need the Greek alphabet.The Greek alphabet is used a lot.Know their names, or you will make stupid mistakes when you use them in your speech.Now, start giving serious material.Don't complain that these things look a little too much.You won't get the Nobel Prize for free, and remember that all this will take our students at least five years to learn (at least one reader was surprised that he would never master these contents in five years;Indeed, I say to those who plan to spend most of their time on this study, and indeed, some undeveloped intellectual assumptions exist).
Basic Mathematics
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。Are you familiar with numbers?Add, subtract, multiply, divide, square root, etc?
Many online courses about mathematics can be found here!(More than you need)
Natural number: 1, 2, 3
Integer:..., - 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2
fraction:
real number：Sqrt(2) = 1.4142135 ... , pi = 3.14159265... , e= 2.7182818..., ...
complex: 2+3i, eia=cos a+i sin a,... They are very important!
These are for beginners.Some content may be used as a complete lecture course.Most of these contents are necessary in physical theory.You don't need to complete all these courses when you begin to learn the later contents, but remember to come back and finish those you missed for the first time.
Optics: refraction and reflection.Lens and mirror.Telescope and microscope.Introduction to Wave Propagation.Doppler effect.Huygens principle of wave superposition.Wave front.Caustics.
Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics: First, Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics.
Ising model(The technology of solving 2D Ising model is postponed to the later).
PlonkThe radiation law of (as a prelude to quantum mechanics)
Electronics: Circuits.Ohm's law。Capacitance, inductance, use complex numbers to calculate their effects.Transistors, diodes (their working principles will be learned later).
Mathematica for Students of Science by James Kelly Angus MacKinnon, Computational Physics
W. .J. Spence, Electromagnetism
Bo Thide EM Field theory text (advanced)
JacksonExercises already done in the book, set 1/set 2
Introduction to QM and special relativity: Michael Fowler
An alternative Introduction
Niels Walet lecture course on QM (Manchester) lecture notes
Even the purest theorists may be interested in some aspects of computational physics.
ElectromagneticmaxwellTheory.Maxwell's law (uniform and non-uniform)
Maxwell's law in medium.Boundary.Solve the equations in these cases:
Advanced quantum mechanics: Hilbert spaces.Atomic transition。Emission and absorption of light.Stimulated emission.density matrix 。Explanation of quantum mechanics.Bell inequality。Transition to relativistic quantum mechanics:dirac Equation, fine structure.Electrons and positrons.BCS theory of superconductivity.Quantum Hall effect.Advanced scattering theory.dispersion relation。Perturbation deployment.WKB Approx。Extreme value principle.Bose Einstein condensation.Superfluidliquid helium。
B. de Wit & J. Smith, Field Theory in Particle Physics, North-Holland
I.J.R. Aitchison & A.J.G. Hey, Gauge Theories in Particles Physics, Adam Hilger
L.H. Ryder, Quantum Field Theory, Cambridge Univ. Press
C. Itzykson & J.-B. Zuber, Quantum Field Theory, McGraw-Hill.
M.B. Green, J.H. Schwarz & E. Witten, Superstring theory, Vols. I & II, Cambridge Univ. Press
J. Polchinski, String Theory, Vols. I & II, Cambridge Univ. Press
Other useful textbooks and booklists can be found here: mathematics, physics (many of them are for entertainment, rather than basic reading materials for understanding the world)
There have been some responses.I thank Rob van Linden, Robert Tough, Thuy Nguyen, Tina Witham, Jerry Blair, Jonathan Martin and others.
