Theoretical physics is based onmathematical model , to try to understand allphysical phenomenonOfoperating mechanism, systematize, explain and predict physical phenomena through physical theories.Theoretical physics, in short, is mathematics based on a series of lawsTheoretical systemWhether it is correct depends on whether the conclusions (inferences) from its theoretical system can be verified by experiments.
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics. Starting from the general laws of various physical phenomena, it uses mathematical theories and methods to systematically and deeply elaborate relevant concepts, phenomena and applications.
asSpecial relativityEinstein'sSpace-time viewIt belongs to theoretical physics.For example,HawkingHe is a master of theoretical physics from the late 20th century to the early 21st century.
The common methods of theoretical physics areIdeal experimentIs to do experiments in your head.Einstein had some ideal experiments（Thought experiment）。
Theoretical physics is built for the real worldmathematical model To try to understand all the physical phenomenaoperating mechanism。It organizes, explains and predicts physical phenomena through "physical theory".Rich imagination, mathematical attainments and rigorous academic attitude are allTheoretical physicistGood qualities that need to be cultivated.For example, in the mid-19th century, James Maxwell, a master of physics, felt thatelectromagneticsThe theory of is disorderly and needs to be integrated urgently.In particular, many of these theories involveAction at a distance(action at a distance).Maxwell was extremely opposed to this concept, and he advocated the use of field theory to explain it.For example, a magnet will generate a magnetic field around it, and the magnetic field will applyMagnetic forceThe iron powder is arranged in the direction of magnetic force to form stripsMagnetic field line；The magnet does not directly exert force on the iron powder, but exerts force on the iron powder through the magnetic field;Maxwell tried to blaze a trail in this direction.The "molecular vortex model" he came up with, borrowed fromfluid mechanicsSome mathematical frameworks of, can explain all knownElectromagnetic phenomenon。Furthermore, this model also shows a new concept——Electric displacement。Because of this concept, he reasonedelectromagnetic fieldIt can spread in space in the form of wave, and he calculates itswave velocityIt happens to be equal to the speed of light.Therefore, Maxwell concluded that light wave is a kind ofelectromagnetic wave。
Undergraduate courses
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In China, the mainstream curriculum for undergraduate physics majors usually includes five theoretical physics disciplines, namely, analytical mechanicsstatistical mechanics、electrodynamics(Strictly speaking, it should be called "classical electrodynamics")relativity、quantum mechanics。It is commonly known as "Five Mechanics".
