The cone is the reproductive structure of most gymnosperms. The cone is composed of:Bract scale, undeveloped short branchesSeed scaleform.
The cone is born in the leaf axil and erect. When it is mature, the seed scale falls off from the persistent axis, the leaf is flat, the upper midvein is slightly concave, and there is no pillow on the branch.
The integrated globule of the fruit scales of conifers.The axial surface of each fruit scale often has two or more seeds. The fruit scale is developed from the megaspore leaf. When it is mature, the fruit scale becomes lignified. The fruit scales of most cone plants split apart with scattered seeds. A few species, such as Korean pine and juniper, do not split.Common pine cones are ovoid or cylindrical, with thick scale wood. There are two seeds in them, which can be pressed for oil or eaten.[1]
Cone of cone is qualitativeScaly leafThe spherical or oval fruits gathered together, and the fleshy ones are especially called galbulus.for exampleGymnospermsOfTaxodiaceae（Taxodiaceae）、Cupressaceae(Cupressaceae) and Junipereae.These plants have unisexual flowers, male flowers are bulbous flowers, and a large number of pistils grow on one axis.After fertilization, the pistil develops and forms many lignified scales on the axis. The leaves are spherical or oval.Usually, two winged seeds are produced between the axils of each scale leaf. In addition, when the cone or flower develops into a cone, it is called strobilus. Therefore, the termFernMiddle is andSporophyllThe spore leaf spikes formed by aggregation correspond to each other.Sometimes the bulbous inflorescences are also called cones, but they are easily confused with the original meaning of cones, and some cones are not conical.
classification
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Cones are a form of gymnosperm seeds. They are not surrounded by ovary walls and do not form fruits.According to the scales covered on the surface of cones, they can be divided into compact aggregate fruits and loose aggregate fruits.
1. Compact aggregate fruit
The compact aggregate fruit is generally oval, like a small cylinder, and they are arranged neatly, such as the cones of Manglietia, Magnolia, Liriodendron and other plants.
2. Loose aggregate fruit
The small bulbils around the loose aggregate fruit are loosely arranged in spikes, and the fruit axis will be exposed and slightly twisted, such asmichelia foveolata 、Michelia martini The cone of a plant, etc.[2]
Plant characteristics
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Conifers are characterized by a sharp apex and long fruits.There are about 650 cone plants on land.
1. Cones and scales
The leaves are mostly needle shaped or scaly. The leaves of most cone plants can stand the severe winter, such as cedar, pine, fir and oriental arborvitae.But there are also some deciduous trees, such as larch.
2. Strong cold resistance
Evergreen cone plants appeared millions of years earlier than broad-leaved trees.Their juice does not freeze, and this tree has the strongest cold resistance.Its juice is called resin, which is thick and has a strong smell.All cone plants have the same juice, so cone plants are also called "resin producing plants".
3. Resin producing plant forest
This kind of forest occurs in areas with cold climate, long winter and abundant snow.Therefore, there are many resin producing plant forests in most areas of the Northern Hemisphere, Europe, Asia and North America, especially in Alaska and Canada.[3]
