On September 29, 2015,Pearl River Delta National Independent Innovation Demonstration ZoneApproved by the State Council, the goal is toPearl River DeltaIt will be built into a leading area for China's opening up and innovation, a leading area for transformation and upgrading, a demonstration area for collaborative innovation, an ecological area for innovation and entrepreneurship, and a world-class innovation and entrepreneurship center.[1-2]
In 2016, nine cities in the Pearl River Delta absorbed 373300 yuanCollege graduatesEmployment, includingGuangzhou CityThe largest number is 163200;The second isShenzhen City75100 people[3]。The per capita disposable income of Guangzhou residents is 50940.7 yuan, ranking first in the province, followed by 48695 yuan in Shenzhen.
The concept of "Pearl River Delta" originated in the early 1990s. In the late 1990s, the concept of "Great Pearl River Delta" appeared on the basis of "(small) Pearl River Delta".In 2003, the concept of "Pan Pearl River Delta" was put forward.So far, the "Pearl River Delta" actually includes the concepts of "Little Pearl River Delta", "Great Pearl River Delta" and "Pan Pearl River Delta", which are mutually differentiated and closely related[11]。
Little Pearl River Delta
The concept of "Pearl River Delta" was first formally put forward on October 8, 1994, when the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee proposed to buildPearl River Delta Economic Zone[11]。The "Pearl River Delta" was originally composed of seven cities, namely Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhuhai, Dongguan, Zhongshan and Huizhou, as well as a part of Huizhou, Qingyuan and Zhaoqing, which is commonly known as the Guangdong Pearl River Delta.Later, the scope of the "Pearl River Delta" was expanded to the area composed of nine cities along the Pearl River, namely Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhuhai, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, and Zhaoqing, which is commonly referred to as the "Pearl River Delta" or the "Little Pearl River Delta".The "Little Pearl River Delta" covers an area of 24437 square kilometers[11]。
Great Pearl River Delta
The "Great Pearl River Delta" has two different concepts, one refers to the "Little Pearl River Delta" and Hong Kong and Macao, and the other refers to Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.At present, the so-called "Great Pearl River Delta" refers to the region composed of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.The "Great Pearl River Delta" covers 181000 square kilometers[11]。
Pan Pearl River Delta
The "Pan Pearl River Delta" includes nine provinces and regions, namely Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangdong, which are adjacent to the Pearl River basin and have close economic and trade relations, as well as two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macao, referred to as "9+2"."Pan Pearl River Delta" covers an area of 2.006 million square kilometers[11]。
Formation of urban agglomeration
The main reasons for the formation of urban agglomeration are as follows:
Government policy opportunities.Since the implementation of reform and opening up in 1978, new opportunities have emerged for the development of urbanization in China, especially in Guangdong Province, which is at the forefront of reform.The economic and policy advantages of the first step of reform and opening up are of great significance to the formation and development of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration.sucheconomic systemThe initial formation of the reform and opening up pattern has greatly attracted the funds, talents and technology of the whole countryproduction factorsGather here to pave the way for the formation of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration.
administrationregional planningAdvantages.The Pearl River Delta is under the jurisdiction of one provinceResource integrationIt is obviously better than the Yangtze River Delta orBeijing Tianjin HebeiThe latter two regions are under the jurisdiction of three provinces and cities, so it is relatively difficult to integrate and coordinate.This factor can enable the Pearl River Delta to better integrate the resources of each city under the unified planning and arrangement, give play to the advantages of each city, and divide work and cooperate with each other, which can enable the city cluster to carry out a virtuous circle.
Geographical advantages.The location advantage of the Pearl River Delta is very obvious: the Pearl River Delta is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and the initial stage of reform and opening up coincided with Hong Kong and MacaoIndustrial structure upgradingThe replacement needs to rely on the mainland to transfer its increasingly expensive light productsProcessing and manufacturing industrySo a large amount of capital flows into cities in the Pearl River Delta;Facing the South China Sea, facing Southeast Asia across the seaOcean energyConnect with the whole world.
With greatInclusionCulture.Lingnan culture does not exclude investors, entrepreneurs and talents from all over the world, which also fills the shortage of many local resources.Looking at the development process of the Pearl River Delta, the contributions made by outsiders are enormous, and they will play a greater role in helping the Pearl River Delta form a world-class urban agglomeration.
Sufficient capital inflow.The Pearl River Delta is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China,Hong Kong and Macao compatriots、Chinese residing abroadMost of them have natural and convenient cultural ties with overseas countries.Among the foreign capital attracted by the Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong, Macao andinvestments of overseas ChineseThis has played a leading role in the development of the export-oriented economy in the Pearl River Delta.
According to different historical periods, the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerationspace structureIts evolution can be divided into four stages: the transformation stage from single center to double center before the founding of the People's Republic of China;The recession stage from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the reform and opening up;From the reform and opening up to the end of the 20th century, the transformation from dual center to network stage;New Trend of Development in the 21st Century -- Urban Dominant RegionFormation stage。
（1） The spatial structure of Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration before the founding of the People's Republic of China
In this historical stage, the evolution of the spatial structure of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration belongs to the port driven stage.With the change of port status and function, the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration presents differentSpatial form。
Single before Yuan DynastyCity centerPhase.During this period, Guangzhou was a single center with obvious polarization characteristics, and the convenient conditions of port traffic were the main reasons for the formation of the single center pattern in the Pearl River Deltaimpetus。From early Ming Dynasty toNew China was foundedThe regional double center stage.After the 16th century, Macao rose as an international trade port after being occupied by the Portuguese, changing the single center of Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta in the pastDevelopment modeInstead, the double center development model of Guangzhou and Macao is adopted, and the spatial layout is in the shape of "T".After the Opium War, due to the rise of Hong Kong and the decline of Macao, the original dual center pattern changed from the center of Guangzhou Macao to the center of Guangzhou Hong Kong.During this period, theurban function Great changes have taken place, gradually moving towards modern industry and commerceTrade FinanceThe direction of the center and transportation hub has changed into a multi-functional and comprehensiveeconomic center。
（2） The spatial structure of Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the reform and opening up
In this historical period, the evolution of the spatial structure of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration belongs to the stage of political repression.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to political and other reasons, the exchanges between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao have been artificially restricted and almost isolated.The country began large-scale industrialization, but coastal towns at the front line of national defense developed slowly.In the past 30 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Pearl River DeltaUrbanization levelIt rose slightly from 15.72% in 1949 to 16.26% in 1977, basically at a standstill;The economic links between Hong Kong, Macao and the Pearl River Delta are also evidentBoundary division；Towns in the Pearl River DeltaSpatial patternGuangzhou is still the center, but the function is declining and the relationship is loose.
（3） The Spatial Structure of Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration from the Reform and Opening up to the End of the 20th Century
At this stage, the spatial structure evolution of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration is driven by the foreign capital oriented industrialization model and the urbanization model.After the reform and opening up, the rise of Shenzhen has made it shoulder to shoulder with Guangzhoukey cityThe urban groups with Guangzhou and Shenzhen as the two centers become the structural characteristics of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration.In the past 2000, Zhuhai, Foshan, Zhongshan, Dongguan and other cities have successively entered the list of big citiesGroup functionDiversified, closer communication, and developed into a multi-level urban and rural integration with complete typesurban system , the dual core model is gradually becoming networkedMulticenterPattern evolution。In 2010, three major urban groups in the east, west, and east have been formed.The east wing area includes Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou. The central part is centered on Guangzhou, including Foshan City (Shunde, Nanhai). The west wing area refers to the area west of the Pearl River Estuary and east of Yinhu Lake, including ZhuhaiZhongshanJiangmen.The spatial layout of these three urban agglomerations is in the shape of "human".With the return of Hong Kong and Macao, the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration will emerge in a new way, forming the Greater Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration.
（4） Spatial Structure of Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration in the 21st Century
In the new century, the dynamic mechanism of promoting the economic development and urbanization of the Pearl River Delta has undergone tremendous changes, and the original foreign capital oriented industrialization model and urbanization model have also emerged a new trend. The new power mainly comes fromurban economy Development, strengthening international and domestic ties, andprivate capitalThe growth of.Today, the internal transportation network centered on Guangzhou and the external transportation network centered on Hong Kong have formed, laying the foundation for the rapid integration of the Pearl River Delta into global development.In the new round of government led large-scaleInfrastructure investmentUnder the promotion of, the Pearl River Delta will gradually become a leading urban area andeconomic activityPlay an important role in.
Taking a comprehensive view of the evolution of the spatial structure of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, according to different historical stages, it has roughly gone through three stages: single center, double centers and multi center networking.After 2008, it is evolving to the stage of urban leading region, which is a higher stage beyond the stage of polycentric networking. It emphasizes the coordinated and orderly development of each city and its important position and role in global economic activities.
geographical environment
Announce
edit
Location
The geographical location of the Pearl River Delta is to the south of the Tropic of Cancer (small delta
physical geography
Continent), in the large delta,Also in23 ° 40 '- 21 ° 30' north latitude, that is, most of them belong totropicRange.In terms of climate, the Great Delta belongs toSouth AsiaTropical areas (seeZhu KezhenEtc《Phenology》，1962）。
In recent years, the Pearl River Delta has achievedgross domestic productIt accounts for about 70% of the provincial GDP.The Pearl River Delta is one of the regions with the fastest economic development in China.With the rapid economic developmentsocial developmentPresentsRural industrializationHigh degree, urban and ruralintegration process Fast and other characteristics.
From the perspective of the topographic boundary of the Pearl River Delta, the Luoping Mountains are its western and northern boundaries, that is, to the west of the Luoping Mountains is the Xijiang Valley area, which is customarily called the Western Guangdong Mountains;To the north of the mountain rangeBeijiangWater system, orguangdong a mountain country.The east side of Luofu Mountain is the east boundary of the delta.
The terrain here is flat below 200 meters above sea level;Hot and rainy, south AsiaTropical monsoon climateMainly.
The subtropical climate of the Pearl River Delta is characterized by four unknown seasons, three winters without snow, evergreen trees, evergreen fields, and no frost.According to Zhu Kezhen's book "Special Climatology", the tropical zone is“Four seasons are summer, one rain is autumn”He believes that the area south of the Five Ridges is in the tropics.But the Pearl River Delta is within the subtropical zone.
Zooplanktonyesprotozoan34,rotifer38,Cladocera（Copepoda 49 species, 147 species in total.BenthosQuantity and biomass: number of individuals in 1981 (number/㎡) 249.601 biomass in 1981 (g/㎡) 29.654 number of individuals in 1982 (number/㎡) 163.548 biomass in 1982 (g/㎡) 28.492, average number of individuals (number/㎡) 206.575, average biomass (g/㎡) 29.073.
plant resources
In the Pearl River Delta, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest does not grow equatorial vegetation, but there are many tropical onesNatural vegetationDisappeared, but in some villages“Fengshui Forest”And“Miscellaneous forest”Middle, remnants of tropical tree species can still be seen, such asCheckerboard（Erythrophyleum fordii）、Agarwood(Aquilaria sinensis), indicating that the ancient hills and platforms were tropicalMonsoon rain forestvegetationrange。There are still some in the valleyTaro（Alocasia macrorrhiza）、Wild plantain（Musa balbisiana）ClusterDistribution, undergrowth shrubs, vinesherbIt is also dominated by subtropical species and genera, each becoming a dominant community.BanyanKapok、Fishtail anemone、delonixIt is also a subtropical tree species.Pearl River EstuarymangroveMedium, withCandel（Kandelia candel）、Olive(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), etcSeagrass bean（Canavalia mariti-ma）、Rattan（Ipomca pescaprae）、sea mango(Cerbera manghas), salt tolerant plants——Acanthus ilicifolius(Acanthus ilicibolius), etc. in DongguanBao'an, Shenzhen and Zhuhai. According to the aerial photograph measurement in 1983, it was more than 5000 muMangrove plantsThere are 11 families and 13 species.
In the delta areaCommon speciesMore than 500 species, reflecting the subtropical characteristics, belong to more than 130 families and 373 genera (Chen Shupei, 1984), of which 42% are pure tropical generaPantropicsThe sex ratio is 53%.emperor's deathTropical mountain genera account for 62%,Tropical species56%, or 1291 species. Among 146 genera of Chongxu Fengshui Forest in Luofu Mountain, Pantropics accounts for 91%（Zheng Zhiqing，1987）。The vegetation of evergreen monsoon rain forest is mostly Fengshui forest and miscellaneous forest, mostly secondary, which is a type dominated by subtropical flora (Wang Zhuhao, 1982), with a small area.In the vast tableland low hilly area, there are mostly evergreen shrubs.Grass slopes mainly composed of tropical elements grow on the lateritic soil layer and are prone to water and soil loss.insectivorous plantNepenthes(Nepenthes mirabilis) are subtropical plants.SubtropicalPlant ecologyThe characteristics are also fully reflected in common cultivated trees, such asSlab root、Air root、Strut rootVisible inbanyan, can stand alone;Old stems produce flowersThe phenomenon can be seen in carambola,jackfruit；All year round flowers are found inWhite orchid、Hibiscus rosa sinensis；It is found in mango;Decaying leaves are found in mangoeslitchi；Droplet pointed leaves are found inbodhi tree。these ones hereSubtropical plantThe ecological characteristics are consistent with the subtropical monsoon forest distribution here.Among them, white wood fragrance (i.eAgarwood）It was widely planted inDongguan County, a famous product in Dongguan“Guanxiang”。All these indicate that the Pearl River Delta isSouth subtropical zoneSexual delta.
Animal resources
The delta is a water network area, mainly consisting of marshes, depressions and low-lying forests. Therefore, it also hosts many typical subtropical giant animals, which also reflect the original subtropical characteristics of the delta.asAsian elephant、Malay alligator、peacockThere are many records in ancient books, or more fossils as evidence.asthree countriesAt that time, there were still some in GuangzhoucrocodileGrowth《Water injection》It said: "Turtle alligators, fresh alligators, rare and strange foreign bodies, thousands of species, can not be remembered." Pingzhou fishermen have also dug crocodile skulls in the river, indicating that there are alligators in Guangzhou.ShundeXinhuiAnd there areStripThe crocodile skeleton was unearthed, and Dalin's (Tangxia) 14C was determined to be 3020 ± 80 years,Leliu2540 ± 105 years.DongguanSouthern Han DynastyThere are also records of elephant groups harming crops. The author also collected elephant shins in the mud layer in the ancient West Lake area of Guangzhou《Nanhai Annals》(Yuan Dynasty) Still remember the existence of images.Peacock was recorded in Kaiping in the Jin Dynasty and Xinhui in the Tang Dynasty.It can be seen that the Pearl River Delta has been tropical since ancient timesAnimal distributionThe place where ivory has been hunted and used as a commodity. Tang Dynasty《Northern Household Record》"Teeth are small and red. They can be cut by Wat, and they can't get off from abroad.".Crocodile was recorded for eating people and animalsChinese alligatorVery different fromNanyang IslandsBay crocodileCrocodilus porosus and Tomistoma sp. are the same, while Elephas maximus is the elephant.Due to the continuous development of the delta, the population has increased, and the forest has been destroyed, they have been hunted away.
From geographyEnvironmental compositionAnalysis of various factors such as landform, climate, hydrology, vegetation and animals shows that the Pearl River Delta is a subtropical deltaYellow RiverDifferent, the geomorphology and hydrology show a good water network with multiple branches, and there are many wide and deep water rivers;The climate is rich in heat and radiation;Vegetation grows vigorously, and there are many kinds of animals, which is very beneficial to industrial and agricultural production.In terms of type, the Pearl River Delta andRed RiverandMekong DeltaIsotropic delta approximation.
Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Metropolitan Circle
Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Metropolitan CircleIt is a combination of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao for short. The so-called "Great Pearl River Delta" is“Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao”。It was decided to propose "building a high-quality life circle in the Greater Pearl River Delta" and "buildingAsia PacificThe most dynamic andInternational competitivenessTo build the core of Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Foshan and Zhuhai Macaourban area。 The Opinions put forward that urban planningfinancial service And other aspects to promote Guangdong Hong Kong Macao cooperation and accelerate constructionWorld class urban agglomerationAnd build an internationally competitive Greater Pearl River Delta city cluster region.By 2012, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao will strive to form the largest core competitiveness in the worldMetropolitan areaFirst, promote cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao to jointly build world-class city clusters.Now Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Metropolitan Circle has surpassedLondon Metropolitan AreaBecome the third largest metropolitan area in the world.[6]
Shenzhen, also known as the "Treasure City", is located in southern ChinaZhujiang deltaEast bank, subordinate toThe People's Republic of ChinaGuangdong Province, the first special economic zone in China, was officially established on August 26, 1980 with the approval of the State Council.The total land area of the city is 1953square kilometre。It is a new modern city with certain international influence in China and has created a world famous city“Shenzhen Speed”。
Shenzhen is connected with Hong Kong by mountains and rivers.In just 30 years, Shenzhen has developed from a small border town in southern China to a modern cityInternational cityAnd created the miracle of world urbanization, industrialization and modernization.Shenzhen is the largest and only port in ChinaSea, land and airThe port city is China andWorld exchangesOne of the main gateways ofUrban infrastructure。Shenzhen's urban comprehensive competitiveness ranks first among mainland cities.By 2010, Shenzhen will be built into a high-tech city in ChinaIndustrial baseandregional financial centerInformation center, business center, transportation center and tourist resort will become a modern international city.
August 26, 2010 is the 30th anniversary of the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, and Shenzhen held the 2011The 26th World University Games。
Foshan, the third largest city in Guangdong Province, is unique in GuangdongLingnan culture A city with distinctive characteristics, the birthplace of Cantonese opera, is located in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta in the central part of Guangdong Province, one of the most economically powerful and dynamic regions in ChinaAsia-PacificEconomically activeEast AsiaandSoutheast AsiaThe intersection ofHong Kong and Macao, superior geographical location,Four Famous Towns in Ancient Chinaone of.Connected with Guangzhou geographically, historically and culturally“G-F megalopolis ”, Yes“Guangfo City”、“Guangfo Zhaoming Economic Circle”An important part of the "Pearl River Delta Economic Circle", it is in a leading position in the economic development of Guangdong Province.FoshanCultural detailsWith profound Lingnan flavor, it is the place where Lingnan culture flourishes.Foshan has a mild climate, abundant rainfall and spring like seasonsSubtropical monsoon climate；Pearl River systemInXijiang River、BeijiangAnd its tributaries run through the whole territory, which is a typical deltariver networkRegion.
HuizhouIt is located at the northeast end of the Pearl River Delta, on the coast of the Dongjiang River in the south central Guangdong Province.Huizhou is a national famous historical and cultural city, which was already“the eastern part of Guangdong provinceImportant town "has always beenDongjiangThe river basin is the political, economic, military, cultural center and commodity distribution center, known as the "famous county in Lingnan", "gateway to eastern Guangdong", and "half city mountain and half city lake".Huizhou CitySouth China Sea to the southDaya Bay, adjacent to Shenzhen and Hong Kong in the west andShanweiAdjacent is the distance between mainland China and ShenzhenHong KongThe nearest city, in October 2015, the State Council listed Huizhou as a national historic and cultural city.
HuizhouBoluo County isPearl River DeltaThe largest county that can be developed in a contiguous area.[7]
Zhongshan
Zhongshan
ZhongshanThe city is located in the south central part of Guangdong Province, at the lower reaches of the West and North Rivers in the south central part of the Pearl River Delta, and connects Guangzhou City in the northPanyu DistrictandFoshan CityShunde District, adjacent to Jiangmen downtown to the westNew meeting areaAnd Zhuhai CityDoumen DistrictZhuhai is connected to the southeast and separated to the eastPearl River Estuarylintin AndShenzhen CityandHong KongThe Special Administrative Region faces each other.The administrative jurisdiction area is 1800.14 square kilometers.centerland routeIt is 86 kilometers away from Guangzhou in the north and southeastMacao65km, fromZhongshan PortIt is 52 miles from Hong Kong by water.Zhongshan is a national famous historical and cultural city, which originated in ZhongshanXiangshan CultureIt is an important source of modern Chinese culture, enjoying Guangdong ProvinceHometown of Quyi(Cantonese Opera)Hometown of Overseas ChineseThe reputation of.It has maintained the 5th largest economic aggregate in Guangdong Province for many years in a row, and has cooperated with Shunde, NanhaiDongguanTogether known asGuangdong Sixiaohu。It was once a harmonious city in China,UN Habitat Award National environmental protection model city, CountryGarden cityAnd other honors.[7]
Zhuhai
Zhuhai
Zhuhai CityLocated in the south of Guangdong Province, China, it is a famous garden stylesea town, East andHong KongThe waters are connected to the southMacaoConnected by land, it is one of the earliest special economic zones in China and enjoys theLocal legislative power。Zhuhai MunicipalityXiangzhou District、Doumen District、Jinwan DistrictThe total land and sea area is 7660 square kilometers, of which the total land area is 1630 square kilometers, and the coastline is 690 kilometers long. With 146 islands, it has the reputation of "the city of one hundred islands".Zhuhai became a special economic zone in 1980.In order to ensure its high-tech and tourism status, Zhuhai has restrainedheavy industrydevelopment.According to the total industrial output, the main industries are: electronics andCommunication equipment, electronic instruments and mechanical, office instruments.An industrial system focusing on high technology,comprehensive developmentOfExport-oriented economy。Zhuhai has leapt from an economically backward border county to a new typegarden city。An industrial system focusing on high technology and an export-oriented economic pattern of comprehensive development have taken shape;SociologyproductivityRapid development and greatly enhanced economic strength;The construction of socialist spiritual civilization has achieved fruitful results,Mental outlooktake on an altogether new aspect.As a special economic zone in China, Zhuhai isforeign investmentOne of the hot spots of.Merchants from 52 countries and regions have invested in Zhuhaiinvestment projects 7303 items.JapaneseMitsubishi、Mitsui、Itochu、Panasonic、Toshiba、CanonNitto, AmericanExxonMobil, CelaneseFlextronics, BP in the UK, GermanyDaimlerChrysler、Siemens?, FrenchCarrefour，NetherlandsOfPhilipsMore than 30 famous multinational companies have settled in Zhuhai.[7]
Jiangmen
Jiangmen
Jiangmen CityLocated in the south central Guangdong Province, west of the Pearl River Delta, Jiangmen City is a river delta with a total area of 9541 square kilometersAlluvial plainThere are 96 large and small islands along the coast, with a total coastline of 328.7 kilometers.Jiangmen belongs to subtropical zoneMarine climate, less frost and no snow, mild and rainy, sunny.Jiangmen is known as "the first hometown of overseas Chinese in China"China Excellent Tourism City, National Garden CityNational Health City、National Environmental Protection Model Cityas well asChina Habitat Environment Example AwardCities are among the "Top 100 Cities with Comprehensive Strength in China".[7]
Zhenjiang District, Wujiang District, Qujiang District, Nanxiong City, Lechang City, Renhua County, Shixing County, Wengyuan County, Xinfeng County, Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County
Qingcheng DistrictQingxin District, Fogang County, Yangshan County, Yingde City, Lianzhou City, Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County
Yuncheng District, Yun'an District, Yunan County, Xinxing County, Luoding City
Shaoguan City
Shaoguan, referred to as "Shao" in ancient timesShaozhou, named after the famous mountain of DanxiaShaoshi Mountain, named Shaoshi, changed the name of Donghengzhou toShaozhou, followed by successive dynasties.It was established in the sixth year of YuandingQujiang CountyAt that time, Shaoguan was the county seat.Shaozhou was named Shaoguan since the Ming and Qing DynastiesShaoguan CityThree land and water tax authorities have been set up to collect taxes, commonly known as Shaoguan.
There are many celebrities in Shaoguan, including important officials of the Chen DynastyHou Andu, Famous physiognomy of Tang Dynastyzhang jiuling, Famous officials of the Song DynastyYu JingAnd other outstanding figures.
Shaoguan per capitaland resource、Forest resources、mineral resourcesIt ranks first among cities above prefecture level in the province and is known as South China Biologygene, "The City of Zinc in China", "Home of Nonferrous Metals".
In 2017, Yangjiang realizedGDP140.863 billion yuan,Year on year growth6.2%。Among them, the firstIndustrial added value23.307 billion yuan, up 4.1%;the secondary industryThe added value was 58.704 billion yuan, up 6.9%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 58.852 billion yuan, up 6.1%.In 2017, the per capita GDP of Yangjiang City reached 55553 yuan, an increase of 5.5%.
Shanwei
Shanwei
Shanwei City,The 16th Asian GamesCo host city, United NationsWetlands of international importanceCityHongcheng、Hai LufengIt is a city under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province and a member of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration.Located in the south of Guangdong, on the east bank of the Pearl River Delta, separated from Taiwan by waterRed BayandJieshi Bay, south of Lianhua Mountain, eastHuilai County, Huidong County to the west and Huidong County to the northMeizhou CityandZijin CountyAnd the South China Sea to the south.
Shanwei is the first county in ChinaSoviet regimeThe birthplace is the window of a new round of urban cooperation demonstration in China, and enjoys the title of "China's Capital of Colored Jewelry"“violinHometown "“City of Seafood in China”, "Hometown of Water Birds in China", etc.Shanwei is an important border port city.Hai LufengThe revolutionary base area is one of China's 13 revolutionary base areas.
On January 22, 2017, the Environmental Protection Department of Guangdong Province released the 2016 Air Quality Ranking of 21 Cities in Guangdong Province, which showed that Shanwei's excellent index ranked first among 21 cities in Guangdong.
In 2017, the first special economic zone in ChinaIntercity train--Shenzhen Shantou Rapid TransitWith its opening, Shanwei became the first city in China to open intercity trains to connect with special economic zones.
The range is 114 degrees 14 minutes east longitude to 115 degrees 36 minutes north latitude 23 degrees 10 minutes to 24 degrees 47 minutes.The city covers an area of 15642 square kilometers.
January 7, 1988Remove the county into a cityIn August 1992, Heyuan City was approved by the State Council to be included in the coastal economic open zone, becoming an area that can enjoy both preferential policies for mountainous areas and coastal open zones.In October 2017, it was awarded the National Garden City.
Qingyuan enjoys local legislative power. The central urban area is closely connected with Guangzhou, and Baiyun is far away from GuangzhouairportIt is about 40 kilometers away from Guangzhou, about 60 kilometers away from the urban area of Guangzhou, 200 kilometers away from Hong Kong and Macao, and only 20 minutes from Guangzhou by high-speed rail. It is a gateway city on the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta.Western Han Dynasty appeared successively in QingyuanZhongsan DoctorHe Dan, twice in the Tang DynastyLiu Zhan，the Southern Tang dynastypoetMeng Binyuwait forsomeone.QingyuanCliff inscriptionsIt has a wide range of contents and colorful calligraphy, includingHan Yu、ranked next to Zhu Xi、Su ShiAnd other celebrity inscriptions.
In 2017,Qingyuan CityThe GDP reached 150.09 billion yuan, up 5.0%.Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 21.89 billion yuan, up 4.3%;The added value of the secondary industry was 54.13 billion yuan, up 3.2%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 74.07 billion yuan, up 6.6%,Tertiary industrial structure14.6:36.1:49.3;The per capita GDP of the city is 38954 yuan, which is converted into 5769 dollars at the annual average exchange rate.
Yunfu CityBuilt up area50 square kilometers, urban population 300000 people."There are mountains in the city, water in the mountains, green trees and flowers, and mountains and rivers match each other" is one of its characteristics.In October 2017, it was named "NationalGarden city”。
1. The economy has achieved sustained and rapid growth.From 1980 to 1996, 9 cities in the Pearl River Delta realized domesticGDPThe average annual growth rate is 17.8%, not only higher than 14.5% of the province and 9.7% of the country in the same periodAverage growth rate, and higher than“The Four Little Dragons in Asia”EconomyTake off phaseThe average growth rate of the region's GDP jumped from $8 billion in 1980 to $766.99 billion in 2012.
2. The overall level of export-oriented economy is relatively high.Nine cities in the Pearl River Delta give full play to theGeopolitical advantageAnd overseas Chinese all over the world, guided by the international marketdomestic marketTo promote the high level and rapid development of the export-oriented economy.In 1994, the Pearl River Deltaexport trade The total amount reached 38.46 billion US dollars, accounting for 76.6% of the total export trade of the province in that year;actually utilized foreign capitalUS $8.798 billion, accounting for 68% and 24% of the total actually utilized foreign capital of the province and the country respectively.
3．industrial structureThe optimization is reasonable.15 cities (including 2 counties) in the Pearl River Delta have completed the transformation from traditionalagricultural economyThe transformation to an important manufacturing center has successfully realized the comprehensive coordinated economic and social development of the secondary and tertiary industries.On the whole, the industrial structure of the Pearl River Delta has basically realized the transformation fromtraditional agriculture To industrialization, and then to the diversification of industrial development.
4. The most important economic feature of the Pearl River Delta is export-oriented.Pearl River DeltaGross National ProductAbout half of them are realized through international trade, and the total export volume accounts for more than 10% of the country.Many enterprises supply most of their products to the international market.The basic way for the Pearl River Delta to develop an export-oriented economy is to introduce funds, advanced technology, equipment and management from abroad.At the same time, the region has a close proximity to Hong Kong and MacaoSoutheast AsiaIt has the advantages of location, hometown of overseas Chinese, many excellent seaports, abundant labor force and other advantages, plus the preferential policies formulated by the state for this place, which makes it attractive for foreign investment and foreign enterprises to settle hereFengshui Treasure Land。
5. The GDP of the Pearl River Delta in 2012 reached 4789.725 billion yuan, an increase of 45.8% over 2008 (the same below), accounting for 79.1% of the province's total;GDP per capitaIt reached 84563 yuan, equivalent to US $13454, up 29.6%.[10]
Guangfu people are mainly composed of early immigrants andAncient Yue nationalityIt is assimilated from various places.GuangfuEthnic systemThe Pearl River Delta is the most prominent cultural featureSouth VietnamInheritance, more influenced by Central PlainsChinese cultureNurtured by Western culture and colonial deformityeconomic factors The influence has multiple levels and components.Guangfu peopleDistribution areaXijiang River、BeijiangThe river basin and the Pearl River Delta were the first areas to develop feudal culture in Guangdong.After the Song Dynasty, the development of the Pearl River Delta has begun to take shape. By the Ming Dynasty, it was the famous grain and variety in Lingnancash cropProduction base,Shunde、South China Sea、Zhongshan、PanyuEquidistantJitang agricultureWell known in the world.Multilevelagricultural economyArchitecture, andGuangzhouRelying on this world trade port, agricultural and sideline products andhandicraft industryThe product market is broad and the production and marketing are active.In the late Ming Dynastyagricultural productionThe trend of commercialization is becoming increasingly obvious, becoming the most active andCommodity consciousnessTherefore, it is the area with the most anti traditional spirit.Guangdongmodem industryOfEmerging industries, mainly from the Pearl River Delta in the late 19th century.Economic development has promoted the prosperity of culture,Zhujiang deltaSince the Song Dynasty, the region has been prosperous in humanities and has been in the position of talent advantage in the province.Guangfu CultureThe central city ofGuangzhouSince ancient times, it has been the political, economic and cultural center of Guangdong and even the Lingnan region.In architecture, art, religionTheatre、music, literature, painting, craft, diet, gardens, customs and other cultural fields, showing a long history and distinctive personality everywhere, giving people multi-level, three-dimensional and rich feelingsGuangfu CultureIt occupies a superior position in the ethnic cultures of Guangdong.[8]
Cantonese opera, also known as grand opera or Guangdong grand opera, originated fromSouthern Opera, since the Ming DynastyJiajingIt began to appear in Guangdong and Guangxi during the period of.Every profession of Cantonese opera has its own unique costumes.The language of the initial performance wasCentral Plains Phonology, also known as the stagemandarin。At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the cultural people changed the singing language toCantoneseTo make it easier for Guangzhou people to understand.Guangdong Opera was listed in the first batch of 518 items published on May 20, 2006National Intangible Cultural Heritage ListWithin.Cantonese opera is popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao.staySingapore, MalaysiaVietnam?、Myanmar、Cambodia、the Philippines、Indonesia、Australia, USACanada、Mexico、CubaAs well as Central and South America and other regions where overseas Chinese from Guangdong live, there are performances of Cantonese Opera.Cantonese Opera is a combination of sea salt, Yiyang, KunshanBangziAnd absorbZhujiang deltaOffolk musicIt is called Bangzi (Peking Opera)Xipi）One of the major operas in southern China, mainly composed of Erhuang Opera and Erhuang Opera.
The name of Cantonese Opera dates back to the middle of the Ming Dynasty more than 400 years ago.In the three decades before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Cantonese opera was basically divided into two major factions: the "provincial Hong Kong class" and the "roller coaster class" (or "homebound class")."Feng ZaiEnfeoffment”OfLi Wenmao, is the worldHistory of DramaThere is only one artist who became the leader of the peasant uprising.First Cantonese Opera“Bahe Guild Hall”PresbyterianKuang Xinhua, not only“dynastic revival in the Tongzhi period”Is also a famous representative ofWenwu Old StudentAt the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were many stars and celebrities, such asQianlijuXiao LixiangXiao Shengcong, Zhou Lingli, Li Xuefang, etc. are all famous at home and abroad.Qianliju is known as "the king of Huadan", while Li Xuefang isKang YouweiKnown as "snow in the south and plum in the north"Mei LanfangAnd proposeHe has been in the United States for many years and is also very popular.For more than 30 years, the quality of thought and art is high and can stand the test of timetraditional dramaThere are Pinggui Bieyao and Luo Cheng Shushu.Newly editedHistorical themesAnd modern theme plays, such as Shuyuan《Guan Hanqing》。Transplanted and adapted plays account for the largest proportion, among which the better ones are《Liu Yi's biography》Lotus Lantern.
The lion dance can be divided into north and south, and Guangdong is the most famous lion dance in the south.The lion is made of colorful cloth strips. Each lion is made of two people
In the cooperative performance, one person dances the head and one person dances the tail. During the performance, the lion dancers should use various moves to show the Southern School's martial arts, which is very masculine.It is the most common performing activity on various festivals in Guangdong.
Honors won
Announce
edit
On December 5, 2019《China Urban Marketing Development Report (2019)》It was announced in Beijing that the Pearl River Delta city cluster ranked the fourth among the top five city cluster brands in 2018-2019.[4]
