Concubine Zhen

Princess of Emperor Guangxu

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She scrupulously obeyed the Imperial Concubine (February 27, 1876 to August 15, 1900), namely, Princess Zhen, He He Lashi ， Hubu Youshilang Tadala Changxu Daughter, Manchuria Inlaid red flag People, Emperor Guangxu Concubine, among the concubines of Guangxu, is the most favored.^[1] 《 Guowen Standby 》"Only Concubine Zhen is clever and pleasing by nature. She is good at calligraphy and chess. She serves the emperor every day and shares food and drink with the emperor. Dezong loves her very much.".

In the 15th year of Guangxu's reign (1889 AD), his Lah family and his sister were elected to the palace and were respectively named Jinbin and Zhenbin. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894 AD), Empress Dowager Ci Xi Wanshou, 60 years old, was promoted to the imperial concubine by grace. In the same year, because of disobedience to Cixi, they were praised as "being vain and always begging" Clothes Losing Ting Staff , and was demoted to be a noble person. The next year, she was promoted to be Concubine Zhen.

In August of the 26th year of Guangxu (1900 AD), Eight-Nation Alliance When invading Beijing, the Empress Dowager Cixi forced her to take away Concubine Zhen on the pretext that it would be inconvenient. She stayed and was afraid that her youth would cause trouble and humiliate the royal family, so she threw her into a well to kill her. In the 27th year of Guangxu (1901 AD), Qing government Signed with foreign powers《 Boxer Protocol 》The allied forces withdrew from the capital and Cixi returned. When Cixi returned to the palace, he saw that the well put into by Concubine Zhen was still the same, so he ordered people to salvage the bones, put them in a coffin, and bury them in Fuchengmen Outside Enji Village The palace maid cemetery in the south of the eunuch cemetery, in the name of "martyrs die for chastity", was closed to the world, and was posthumously sealed as the imperial concubine. After the death of Cixi, the Regent Zaifeng Change the cause of death of Concubine Zhen from "throwing herself into a well" to "being killed Cui Yugui Drowning in the well ". In the second year of the Republic of China (1913 AD), Empress Dowager Longyu After her death, the sister of Concubine Zhen, Concubine Jin, was still alive and had been honored as Duankang Imperial Concubine , ordered the empress to be buried back Qing Xiling Imperial Concubine Chong's Garden Bedroom , and on Zhenfei Well The gatehouse on the north side has set up a small mourning hall for her to honor the memorial tablet of Concubine Zhen. A paper plaque is hung on the hall, which reads "Jingwei Tongcheng" to celebrate Concubine Zhen's true love for the Qing Dezong.

Chinese name: He He Lashi
Alias: Concubine Zhen, please obey the emperor
Ethnic groups: Manchu
date of birth: February 27, 1876
Date of death: August 15, 1900
Key achievements: Firmly support the reform and reform carried out by her husband to form a new policy and strengthen China

one's native heath: Beijing China
Husband: Emperor Guangxu of Dezong of Qing Dynasty
Sister: Duan Kanghuang honored the Imperial Concubine (namely the Imperial Concubine Jin)
Mausoleum: Qing Western Mausoleum Chongling Imperial Concubine Garden Dormitory
Medical history: Spleen stomach disharmony, epilepsy
Posthumous title: To obey the emperor and his concubine
Flag of nationality: Manchuria inlaid with red flag
Dynasty: Qing Dynasty

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Character's Life

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Manchuria Inlaid red flag People usually call her Zhen Fei, the imperial concubine she was granted, the Qing Dynasty Emperor Guangxu One of the only two concubines.

Concubine Zhen was born Guangxu reign period On the third day of February of the second year (February 27, 1876), she was the daughter of Xu, the former head of the Ministry of Household. Long Xu has three sons and five daughters. The eldest son, the second son, the first daughter, the second daughter, the third son, the fourth daughter, and the fifth daughter were all born to concubines. Four women are Imperial Concubine Jin The five women are Princess Zhen.

Concubine Zhen is cheerful, active and curious. She was disgusted with the red tape and rigid lifestyle in the palace, especially the intrigues and intrigues in the palace. She likes new things and lives a free and unrestrained life. Concubine Zhen's character is influenced by congenital factors and also related to her growing environment.

Concubine Zhen and her sister Concubine Jin have followed her uncle since childhood Be kind I grew up in Guangzhou. Although Chang Shan, the general of Guangzhou, is a military general, he likes to make friends with literati. He once hired Wenting style Teach two nieces to read. Wenting style is a generation of celebrities. Later, even the high school ranked first. Guangzhou yes Five Ports for Trade Most important port cities , the earliest opening, and the West capitalism The world has the earliest contact with the most people, and is also the most affected. It is much more open-minded than the mainland. In addition, Chang Shan himself has made friends with celebrities and scholars, most of whom are famous people with advanced ideas, which have had a great impact on the formation of the thoughts and personality of Concubine Zhen. Moreover, his two elder brothers Zhirui 、 A lofty position They are also open-minded people, and her mother is also very open-minded. The influence of the whole family on her is a factor that cannot be ignored. Princess Zhen's grandfather was Yu Tai, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. Her father, Xu, was once the right footman of the Ministry of Household. Her uncle, Shan, was a general in Guangzhou and returned to Beijing with his sister. In 1889, the two sisters of Concubine Zhen were elected to the palace and were honored as concubines.

Concubine Zhen is white and flawless, with beautiful facial features, intelligence, and cheerful personality. On the fifth day of October in the 14th year of Guangxu's reign (1889), the two sisters of Concubine Zhen were elected to the palace, Empress Dowager Ci Xi Ye Henala, the daughter of his younger brother (Deputy Capital Tong Guixiang) Queen Longyu ）After Emperor Guangxu, she was also granted the title of Zhen Pin at the age of 13, and her sister was granted the title of Jin Pin (the fifth rank of the eighth rank empresses, second to empresses, imperial concubines, imperial concubines, and imperial concubines). He entered the palace on the 26th of the first month of the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu. On February 18, the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu Minister of Rites Li Hongzao As the chief envoy, Wen Xing, the right minister of the Ministry of Rites, was appointed as the deputy envoy and conferred the title of Zhenbin.

Until clear Guangxu reign period On the first day of the first month of the 20th year (1894), because of the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi and her grace, she was granted the title of imperial concubine (the queen Imperial Concubine , imperial concubine). Imperial Concubine Dunyi Was sealed as Dunyi Rongqing Imperial Concubine ， Yu Fei The imperial concubines of Jin were awarded the title of Yu, the imperial concubines of Xun, the imperial concubines of Jin, the imperial concubines of Jin, and the imperial concubines of Jin Imperial Concubine Jin , Zhen Bin was granted a concubine in Jin Dynasty.

On October 29, she was demoted to be a noble person with Concubine Jin because of her disobedience to the Empress Dowager and her determination that she was arrogant and disrespectful of family law. It is said that the day before Jiang Zhen and the Second Concubine Jin were honored, when Emperor Guangxu was giving Cixi peace, Cixi turned pale and ignored him. Emperor Guangxu knelt on the ground for more than two hours. Finally, Cixi said viciously, "You don't care about Concubine Jin and Concubine Zhen. I'll take care of them. They can't break the family law and interfere in the government. Go down!" According to the records of the Qing Palace archives, it was confirmed that Concubine Zhen was "stripped of clothes and beaten" on October 28. The imperial concubine was punished in this way, which was extremely rare in the Qing Dynasty. Weng-tung-ho He once interceded for Concubine Zhen and Concubine Jin in front of Cixi and suggested postponement, but was refused. As a result, not only Concubine Zhen was punished, but also Concubine Jin was implicated by her sister.

Concubine Jin is not the only one involved. On the second day of November, Cixi again issued a decree to execute Gao Wanzhi, the eunuch under Concubine Zhen. In this incident, dozens of eunuchs, including Yonglu, Xuanwu, Wang Changtai and Niede, who were successively under the influence of Concubine Zhen, were sent to the army, secretly executed, and standing dead. Even the palace maid surnamed Bai who served Concubine Zhen was expelled from the palace.

In the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the imperial concubine was restored.

On November 12, the 21st year of Guangxu Cabinet Bachelor royal clan Shouqi As a minister, the cabinet bachelor's clan Pu Ting As a deputy envoy, he was conferred the title of Concubine Zhen.

In the early August of the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), Eight-Nation Alliance When troops were gathered to attack Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi fled in a hurry with Emperor Guangxu under her control. Before leaving, he ordered the eunuch to confine him to the North Third Institute Shou Pharmacy The Princess Zhen in the is summoned and pushed into the Longevity Palace Houzhen Shunmen drowned in the well.

《 Guowen Standby 》: After Guangxu's wedding, he was not very friendly with the empress, but with Imperial Concubine Jin Be indifferent to each other. But Concubine Zhen is clever and pleasing by nature. She is good at calligraphy and chess. She serves the emperor every day and shares food and drink with the emperor. Dezong especially loves her.

Later convicted

Why Guangxu likes Concubine Zhen? On the one hand, Concubine Zhen is young, lively, and inexperienced, so she has no plans. On the other hand, Concubine Zhen advocates western learning, and has her own unique views on things in the imperial court Reform thought Coincidentally, "Dezong is particularly fond of it, and is not very friendly with the empress."（《 Guowen Standby 》）

Tang Haiyi's "My Two Aunties - Concubine Zhen and Concubine Jin" recorded that "Sister Bai said that Longyu, in order to revenge Li Lianying He colluded with the eunuchs in Princess Zhen's palace and put a man's boot in Princess Zhen's palace in an attempt to slander her for adultery. Sister Bai was also tortured for this. Later, because Concubine Zhen had a dress made of the same material as that of an actor who often performed in the palace (it is said that the actor's material was sent by Guangxu), Longyu grasped the matter and wrote a big story about it, causing Concubine Zhen to suffer from a cane (taking off her clothes and beating her with a bamboo pole painted with yellow paint). " Among them, Elder Sister Bai is a palace lady beside Concubine Zhen, and what she said is worthy of attention.

The queen's attack on Concubine Zhen was later supported by the empress dowager. Because some of Concubine Zhen's trendy ideas, such as the camera incident, also aroused Cixi's antipathy, it finally led to another attack, which was seen at Xiaode Zhang Zhang Zhongchen, the adopted grandson, compiled My Grandfather Little De Zhang according to his grandfather's oral memory. When Guangxu came of age and married, the old ancestor took the lead Niece in law Longyu She was made queen. This is what Guangxu was most dissatisfied with. After marriage, he was very indifferent to Empress Longyu and extremely fond of Concubine Zhen. Concubine Zhen is smart, intelligent, talented and learned. She can also coax others to please Guangxu. The old ancestor was very angry when he saw her. Guangxu often visited Imperial Concubine Zhen Palace, Queen Longyu He complained to his ancestors about his anger and said that Concubine Zhen was not good. "Division empress Queen Longyu Besides Concubine Zhen, there is Concubine Jin. Concubine Zhen and Imperial Concubine Jin She is a sister. She is beautiful, knowledgeable, and loved by Guangxu. She is inseparable every day. Inventory used by Guangxu Pearl Jade is a pearl cheongsam strung for Concubine Zhen, which is dazzling in the sun. One day when they were walking in the imperial garden and enjoying themselves, they were caught by the old ancestor, who said angrily, 'Wow! Even I didn't want to use so many pearl beaded gowns. How dare you, a concubine, do this. What about being a queen? Who sealed it? The emperor dotes on you too! ' Guangxu and Concubine Zhen immediately knelt on the ground and kowtowed to apologize. The old ancestor immediately asked the second superintendent Cui Yugui to pick it down. After returning to the palace, he also hit Concubine Zhen with 30 bamboo poles. Little De Zhang talked about the details of Princess Zhen's pearl beaded robe incident and other materials such as Deling Of《 Son of Heaven 》The event of the Chinese pearl beaded robe can match, so it can't be regarded as a legend, and it may be the historical record that Princess Zhen was punished twice.

Concubine Zhen is also very generous. She often gives rewards to eunuchs in the palace. Eunuchs get some small favors and try to flatter the "little master". For a long time, this "little master" was also praised a little without knowing why, and gradually lost self-control.

There was a system in the imperial palace of the Qing Dynasty. Every year, the empress received only 1000 taels of silver, which decreased to the level of concubine, only 300 taels per year, and the number of concubines was 200 taels. Concubine Zhen doesn't spend enough and won't save, so she is in deep deficit. It is said in unofficial history that he once sold his official positions and bartered for nobility.

Hu Sijing 《 Guowen Standby 》It was also recorded in the middle: "The first empress dowager tortured Concubine Zhen and found a book in the secret room, Inside book Daily income of a month Henan Governor A certain amount of money will be donated by Yuchang.

Guangxu issued a decree on October 29 that year: "I worship Cixi Empress Dowager Yizhi, the family law of this dynasty is strict. Anyone who is in the palace never dares to interfere in the government. Imperial Concubine Jin and Imperial Concubine Zhen serve Ye Ting, and call Shu Shen... Recently, they are so flashy that they often beg for help. The emperor's deep consideration is becoming increasingly elusive. According to the facts, if we do not give warning, we are afraid that the right or left attendants may suffer from insurmountable diseases by thinking that they are out of bounds and are blinded. Concubine Jin and Concubine Zhen were all demoted to the rank of noble (seventh) to show that they would punish leniently and eliminate internal affairs. " Although both Concubine Jin and Concubine Zhen were punished, the focus was on Concubine Zhen. So Concubine Zhen was given“ Clothes deprived Ting Staff ”This punishment was mainly aimed at the ministers in the imperial court, and there was no precedent of punishing the concubines before. Empress Dowager Cixi has poisoned Concubine Zhen in order to warn her Imperialist party The minister and the post party Sino Japanese War Emperor Guangxu, who had huge differences on the issue of war and peace during the war, started a war of words.

The same thing can be seen in Tang Haiyi's "My Two Aunties -- Concubine Zhen and Concubine Jin", which recorded that "Concubine Zhen, Wenting and Zhirui's actions aroused the hatred of the peace lords Wenting style 、 Zhirui Played again Li Hongzhang One, so Li Hongzhang inspired his confidant, the Imperial Historian Yang Chongyi "," Wenting style tries to support Princess Zhen to take the throne, replacing Queen Longyu ； We oppose Cixi's political hearing and support Emperor Guangxu's independent imperial court. " In this way, Cixi hated Wenting, Zhirui and Princess Zhen. She wanted to abolish Concubine Zhen, but she had nothing to find. She could take this opportunity to get rid of her hatred. He ordered Wen Ting to be dismissed from the Yuqing Palace and never be employed with the accusation of "traffic to the palace and disturbing the court"; Zhirui Cong Ceremonial Master Demoted Ulyasutai (in Mongolia, from Ulan Bator 1800 li to the west) Counsellor 。 Sister is also affected by Concubine Zhen Imperial Concubine Jin When they were involved, the sisters both received Tingzhang, and the Second Concubine was demoted from a noble concubine to a noble person. "

The attack on Concubine Zhen should have occurred on October 28, the 20th year of Guangxu's reign. The academic community noticed Concubine Zhen Pulse case Strange records, imperial physician Zhang Zhongyuan Pulse record records: "convulsion, closed breath, closed teeth", "people do not wake up, the whole body muscles tremble", "aversion to cold and fever, the whole body muscles pain", these phenomena can only be explained by having been Tingzhang.

In addition, Emperor Guangxu once scolded Empress Dowager Cixi's eunuch in 1894 Li Lianying In some ways, Empress Dowager Cixi blamed Concubine Zhen for her personal indignation.

In 1898, Reform Movement of 1898 In the event of failure, Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned and developed many reformers (such as Wenting style ， Zhirui ）'s Concubine Zhen was implicated, was once again given a dressing rod, and was confined to Zhongcui Palace Later, the North Third Research Institute.

《 Overview of the Forbidden City 》It is said that the small courtyard where Princess Zhen was imprisoned was originally the residence of nursing mothers in the Ming Dynasty. After Princess Zhen moved in, the main door was firmly closed, with the cross seal of the House of Internal Affairs. Princess Zhen lived in the westernmost one of the three rooms in the north room, the door was locked upside down from the outside, and the servants handed in and out food, washing faces, etc. from a movable window. Concubine Zhen eats the food of ordinary servants, and is not allowed to talk with others. An old eunuch guarding her scolded her on behalf of Cixi on the happy days of New Year's Day or the first and fifteenth days of every month. The reprimand was carried out at lunch, and the old eunuch pointed at Concubine Zhen's nose and listed several crimes. Concubine Zhen had to kneel to listen to the training. At the end of the reprimand, Concubine Zhen had to kowtow and thank her. She was only allowed to go to the toilet once a day.

Well sinking and future events

On July 20, the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), Eight-Nation Alliance The army is at the foot of Beijing. Cixi decided to take Guangxu and his party out of Xi'an. At this time, everyone changed their clothes and gathered in Longevity Palace At the Happy Birthday Hall in the back hall, Cixi suddenly felt the past and went out to the prison yard. Under the pretext of "Concubine Zhen is young and beautiful, and will be insulted by foreigners, so she is ashamed of her ancestors.", she forced her to take Concubine Zhen away for inconvenience, and stayed for fear that her youth might cause trouble. She ordered the eunuch to open the well cover in front of the Happy Life Hall, and asked Concubine Zhen to commit suicide. Concubine Zhen refused to die. So they ordered the eunuch to push Concubine Zhen into the well. She was only 25 years old. The leader eunuch of Cixi carried out the order Cui Yugui And the palace maid Wang Dehuan 。

Mainstream historians believe that the cause of death of Concubine Zhen was because she supported Guangxu to carry out the Reform Movement of 1898 and fought for the highest power against Cixi, which angered the Empress Dowager Cixi. However, some historians believe that Concubine Zhen mainly violated the palace taboos for many times, sold officials and accepted bribes, and in addition, the Qing Dezong had a special liking for her, snubbing Cixi's niece Queen Longyu And finally ended up being killed.

In the spring of 1901, the Qing government made peace with the Eight Power Allied Forces, and Cixi, Guangxu and others were ready to return to the court. Cixi saw that the well into which Concubine Zhen threw was still the same, so she ordered people to salvage the bones, put them in coffins, and bury them in the maid cemetery south of Eunuch Cemetery in Enji Village outside Fucheng Gate. He also tried to cover the world's ears in the name of "martyrdom of chastity", and for this reason, he named Concubine Zhen as Concubine Zhen. After the death of the empress dowager, Zaifeng Change the cause of death of Concubine Zhen from "suicide by throwing herself into a well" to "drowning by Cui Yugui". Guangxu and Cixi passed away successively, Xuantong (Puyi) succeeded to the throne, the empress dowager Longyu was in charge of politics, and then the empress dowager Zhenfei was posthumously awarded the title of Imperial Concubine Keshun. In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), his sister Jinfei (who was also a disciple at that time) one's deceased father Imperial Concubine Jin) moved Concubine Zhen to Guangxu Chongling Imperial Concubine Garden Bedroom, and Zhenfei Well The gatehouse on the north side has set up a small mourning hall for her to honor the memorial tablet of Concubine Zhen. A paper plaque is hung on the hall, which reads "Jingwei Tongcheng" to celebrate Concubine Zhen's true love for the Qing Dezong.

The mystery of the cause of death

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About the death of Concubine Zhen《 History manuscript of the Qing Dynasty 》According to the saying that Princess Zhen died and jumped into the well, since it was revised under the auspices of the Qing Dynasty's elders at that time, it naturally tended to be the father of Pu Yi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty Aixin Jueluo Zaifeng It is believed that Princess Zhen died and jumped into a well, rather than Cixi ordering the killing. As the book has the status of quasi official history, it naturally caused widespread controversy.

In Aixin Jueluo Yuhuan, the father of Pu Yi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Aixin Jueluo Zaifeng talked about his views on the death of Concubine Zhen.

Zaifeng He sneered at the statement that Concubine Zhen was afraid of death and Zeng Chang knelt down to beg for forgiveness. He said, "The arrogant Concubine Zhen is not the kind of person who lives in a muddle. At the same time, he accused Eunuch Cui of wrapping Concubine Zhen in blankets, because the eunuch is bound to touch the" jade body "when he starts wrapping blankets, which is incompatible with 'etiquette'. Therefore, the arrogant Concubine Zhen could only die for her life and jump into the well, even Zaifeng, for part of the Republic of China romantic literature school in the early Republican period Scholars also refuted the fact that eunuchs could not touch the "jade body" when they asked about Concubine Zhen's being punished with a stick. Therefore, this argument once became a seemingly powerful rebuttal to Cixi's order to kill Concubine Zhen.

After the liberation of Zaifeng, he still insisted that eunuchs should not contact the "jade body", which was also believed by some historians after the liberation. But with the emergence of a large number of historical materials, historians found that things were not simple, first of all, the late Qing Dynasty palace maid He Ronger《 A Tale of Palace Maiden 》The appearance of, broke the saying that eunuchs can not contact "jade body", in fact, the "no face beating" clause in the "Palace Maiden Talk Record" clearly stated that at that time the palace maids were not allowed to face beating, "the old queen mother let Longyu The master slapped the little master in the mouth, which was the biggest humiliation for the little master, and even the inferior servants were inferior to him (the palace called the queen the master, and the concubine the little master) ", which actually implied that the biggest humiliation was to slap the mouth, while the palace maid usually punished with the common sense outside the palace, which was based on the stick. In this book," four inches of shoes on the feet, and more than one cherry on the lips " The article clearly stated that "The palace maids in the Qing Dynasty are strict and simple. Except for the first month and Longevity Day (October), they are usually not allowed to wear red and rouge. Anyone who wants to dress up like a monster may have to suffer from bamboo. Suffering from a bamboo board is a minor matter, while disgrace is a major matter. Let the law enforcement eunuch take off his clothes and his pants, without any mercy, and show his white buttocks (according to the internal court's rule, if you are beaten, you should get meat directly to the board, and you are not allowed to pad it Midcoat ）, lying under the dripping water on the veranda, being beaten in every detail, and not making a sound even when being beaten (unlike the eunuch, who does not take off his coat when being beaten, and wants to beg for mercy loudly). The pretty big girl is ashamed to death. So our dressing is light. "

As a result, historians suddenly realized that Cixi had just regarded Concubine Zhen as a palace maid, Clothes deprived Ting Staff It is indeed true, which is consistent with other historical data, and That one is Sir《 The last queen I know, Longyu 》It is also to paraphrase Longyu's statement that Concubine Zhen was cane a courtier at court in the presence of other courtiers Later, he lost his child and became infertile all his life. This is because there can be no plot in the Qing Palace archives, so Zaifeng should be protecting Cixi. The so-called eunuch's inability to contact the "jade body" simply cannot be established. Therefore, most historians began to agree that Cixi instructed his trusted eunuch Cui Yugui to push him into the well, but the details were not very clear. About this, There are three books that have been described in more detail.

The Record of Palace Maiden

The author adapted from Cui Yugui's description:

"The escape took place on the morning of July 21 (August 15, 1900) in the 26th year of Guangxu, the year of Gengzi, which is also known as" Nao " Boxers " The old palace maid slowly said, "Although it has been more than 40 years, I can still remember it.

"I remember the first day, it was the afternoon of July 20, when I woke up for a nap. - I believe I remember it very clearly. The old queen mother took a nap in the room. The palace was quiet, as usual, and there was no sign of escape. It happened to be my errand that day.

"I want to talk a few words more. This year is the second time I came back to the palace. The queen mother was very kind to me, so I was very careful not to compete for favor, not to be top notch, and served the old queen mother wholeheartedly. The palace has changed. Chun Lingzi and Xiao Cui have left the palace, and only Xiao Juanzi is the old partner. Xiao Juanzi didn't know how many good words she had said for me. The old queen mother nodded to let me go back to the palace. Of course, it wasn't her alone, so I was especially grateful to Xiao Juanzi. To be honest, I am willing to listen to Xiao Juanzi because she is smart, straightforward and has no crooked mind. At that time, she was the master of the palace, and I was her deputy.

"In the palace, we only know the little things at the tiptoe, and we don't know anything about other important things. The old queen mother has not been to the garden for many days, which is different from usual. Two or three days before the 20th, we heard the little eunuch tell us that the powerful eunuch is Shunzhen Gate Li, imperial garden Both sides were on guard with guns. Ask why, but don't say. We also heard about Ermaozi outside, but nobody knows what happened. Xiao Juanzi secretly told me to be extra careful these days. The old queen mother has a straight face all day without a smile. The corners of her mouth are more tilted to the left. This is a symbol of holding her breath in her heart. It may explode sometime. As waitresses, they are afraid to wait on the marquis carefully, so as not to bring bad luck on their ideas. "That afternoon, as usual, I was in the bedroom, sitting on the gold brick floor with my back against the west wall of the bedroom, facing the door. This was the rule of the bedroom. The old queen mother slept head to west, and I was only two feet away from her dragon. It is not allowed to work in the old empress dowager's bedroom without looking like a person. You should respectfully cross your legs, squint your eyes, stretch your ears, and listen attentively and breathlessly to the voice in the tent

"Suddenly, the old queen mother sat up and opened the tent. It was the maid who usually lifted the tent. Today, I was surprised. I quickly took the signal and greeted the other people. The old queen mother washed her face in a hurry without smoking a cigarette. She didn't eat a cup of iced pineapple and walked out without saying anything Hall of Joyful Longevity (This is the Happy Birthday Hall in the palace. It's on Waidong Road. It's where the old empress dowager lived at that time. It's not summer palace Of Hall of Joyful Longevity ）Go north. I followed hurriedly. I was a little worried, so I hurried to inform Xiao Juanzi secretly. Xiao Juanzi also came. We followed the Empress Dowager to the middle of the Xilangzi. The Empress Dowager said, "You don't need to wait." This was the first sentence the Empress Dowager said when she woke up from her afternoon nap. We watched the old queen mother walk northward from her. As she was about to go down the steps, we saw a eunuch kneel down and talk to the old queen mother. The eunuch didn't accompany the old queen mother. He turned his back to us and watched the old queen mother enter alone Yihe Pavilion 。

"The weather in July in the lunar calendar is sultry and muggy in the afternoon. For more than half an hour (more than one hour), the old queen mother came out from the Yihe Pavilion. She was shameless and said nothing. We welcomed the old queen mother back on the porch.

"In fact, it was on this day, at this time, the old queen mother killed Concubine Zhen at this place, and she asked people to push Concubine Zhen to the well behind the Yihe Pavilion. We didn't know at that time, but someone secretly told us at night. Although we knew later, we didn't dare to say a word more.

"That's all I know.

"Time went by quietly, and the world was constantly noisy. After the change of dynasties, in the early years of the Republic of China, we didn't have any taboos when we talked. One January, Cui Yugui came to my house to talk about this. He was still a bit indignant, saying that the old queen mother was guilty of him and played tricks on him. I will give a brief description of what Cui Yugui said to me at that time. It's not all true. Let me think and speak slowly.

"Cui Yugui, we call him Cui. We don't call him Director Cui, so we don't have to repeat the name of Director Li Lianying. He was expelled from the palace after the return of Xin Chou, and has been living in a temple behind the Drum Tower. There are many eunuchs out of the palace in the temple. He thinks it is convenient and free to live here. This is the proof of Cui Yugui's good behavior - he was the second superintendent. If he had treated the eunuch badly, he would never have lived here. He would have died under his tongue, and the big guy scolded him away, but he could live in the eunuch heap, which shows that his popularity is very good. He has no family and lives a single life, so he has no concerns. The regular activity is to get up early and practice martial arts in the dark, and beat (exercise) your body.

"At that time, I lived in Beichizi Meng Mansion, and Liu's descendants lived in Milk House In the middle, Lord Gui (Guixiang, the mother's brother) lives Dafang Family Hutong In the west entrance. Cui Yugui is the dry son of Duke Gui, also known as the dry brother of Queen Longyu, so he is very popular in the palace because he has Duke Gui as his backer. In eunuch's jargon, it's called "drill into the crotch of Duke Gui". When he came to and fro at Guigong's house, he had to pass our two doorways. Since the Republic of China, Cui Yugui is a nostalgic person. He always goes to see Duke Gui at his home for the Spring Festival and the Holidays. Although Duke Gui is no longer alive, he does not want to be left with a story about "when people are in love, people die". In order to show that he does not forget the past, he often goes directly to Guigong's house first, and walks around when he comes out of Dafang's Hutong. He is a martial arts practitioner and doesn't like riding. He stopped at Liu's house in Milk Mansion on the way, rested his legs and came to my house, which was his only way. He also often has a potluck at my home. He and Lao Liu (Eunuch Liu, the 'husband' of the old maid) have served Guangxu together before（ Wu Xu Before, the old empress dowager sent Cui to monitor Guangxu.) They are all from southern Hebei fellow townsman (Cui Shi River People, Liu Shi Ningjin People), People are not close to soil Besides, those who come out of the same cage have something to say when sitting together. He has a big appetite and is greedy. He is also a northerner and likes to eat Shandong Cuisine People in their 40s braised sea cucumber in soy sauce Small Bladder and hoof , eat until the dishes are clean, wipe your lips, smile and say, 'I can skip meals for three days again.' Then he talked with Lao Liu and said, 'Isn't there a saying in southern Hebei, called One meal, one episode One episode lasts for five days, but I said three days is not enough! ' Old Liu said, 'You have been the butler of the life dining room, but you haven't eaten anything good.' He said, 'At that time, I was worried about eating, and at that time, I was comfortable eating.'

"He is a cheerful man. He is neat and neat. He also likes to win the battle against the sun. He wants to show off his ability. At that time, he was young in the palace, so the little eunuchs in the palace called him Little Luo Cheng behind his back. But he is a man on the sunny side, and never lets the yin damage him. Therefore, eunuchs are afraid of him, but they don't watch out for him. He is also more spineless. He and Li Lianying were at odds. Since he was expelled from the palace, he never asked Li Lianying. His apprentice, famous Xiaode Zhang It can be said that he was promoted by himself. In the prosperous era, he was very popular, and he never opened his mouth. In his own words, 'When the times are bad, hold your arm and bear it, no one will ask', which is very stubborn. He often comes Rear door bridge Clothing estimation shop Go and have tea. This clothing estimation shop is specialized in buying things from the palace. The shopkeeper treats him as a saint, but he never spends their money. From the back door bridge to the southeast, not too far away is the Great Buddha Temple, Princess Rongshou His house is there. He knows many people inside, but he never visits her.

"He is so dressed up as a martial arts teacher. He came to my house in the first month, wearing a soft tire hat with a sea dragon pulling a needle on his head. He looks like a Mongolian hunter. At a glance, he knew it was something from the inside. Sea dragons are more than Otter Larger sea animal , fur is more noble than otter. This kind of sea animal does not grow silver needles on its fur until after the heavy snow, and the silver needles will not grow until the solar term. The thick, oily, shiny hair grows a layer of silver needles three inches long, just like snow Vladivostok There is no tribute elsewhere. It is called "(Wei) Zihuo" in the palace. He was wearing black satin embroidered dragon on the emperor's robes Cryptic mandarin jacket The front, chest and back are a pair of regimental dragons, which are not allowed to wear until the Republic of China. They are two inches high Sable Collar, as the saying goes‘ goldentop court beads Hanging Sable ', I've never been in the past Imperial Academy People are not allowed to wear sable. The collar turned slightly outward, and a large amount of hair was exposed outside, which was called the sharp collar. The leather robe is lined with a dark lake color wooden spring silk. It is made of silver Fox crop The drum, with its front and back plackets, clearly shows the round fox noise. Silver Fox Crop is the hair under the neck of silver fox. The hair here is the longest and lightest on the fox. There are two whirlpools under the front armpit of a fox, which are also the thickest and most attractive places. Cut them to make a circle like money, which is called "fox noise". Wearing a fox crop is not very noble. If you wear a fox crop with a fox noise, you will be home in fox fur clothes. His lower body is black spring silk cotton trousers, the trouser legs are closed back, two blue ribbons are tied together, and under his feet are a pair of big pink satin cotton shoes with two beams full of clouds. Looking up, Cui Yugui looks very smart. Looking down, he looks very bandit. Maybe this is enough to represent Cui Yugui. He often said to himself, 'I am a monkey sitting Jinluan Hall What a noble position I have been placed in, I will not be a human being. ' Cui Yugui may be the only one in Beijing who is dressed as a prince and waddles on the street.

"Cui Yugui is really a good guy: he is nearly 50 years old, and his waist is not saggy, his back is not hunched, his face is red, and his two temples are bulging, which is different from other eunuchs. He often says, 'I will live happily when I am alive!' Other eunuchs have already become crooked shrimps by the age of 40. He is very strict with himself. He doesn't smoke or drink. He often holds a shallow Red agate Of snuff bottle , a jade finger is put on the thumb of his right hand (also writing Shift index The former Eight Banner Warriors used leather covers to protect their thumbs when pulling hard bows, which later became a special decoration for warriors). He said, 'Use this finger to keep me in check, so that my right hand won't interfere.' It is not easy for martial artists to control their hands.

"Let me add a few words here. It's not easy to be the wife of a eunuch, because the eunuch is malicious, has no measurement, has the strongest jealousy, has many eyes, and is totally crooked. Old Liu usually doesn't let me talk to men, let alone go out on the street, or let me visit relatives in the neighborhood. I live like a box. Only Cui Yugui comes, and we can sit together and talk. For one thing, he knows our details, and for another, Lao Liu admires him. We both respectfully call him Uncle Cui, and he also calls me his niece and daughter-in-law. In this way, we talked about the things before and after the old queen mother left.

"He angrily slapped the snuff bottle on the table and said, 'The old queen mother is sorry. At that time, I was too tired to touch the ground. There was a trouble outside. The first thing was to give me the job of protecting the inner palace. I couldn't sleep at night and in the daytime. If I was careless, I would be guilty of losing my head. The second thing is that I am the leader of the internal court, and the outside is in a mess. I don't know how many times I call (to see the minister) one day. Outside Military Aircraft Division I'm going to play it. I'm going to pass it on. I'm also the ear and mouth of the old queen mother. I run from inside to outside. If one thing hits the pot, my head will have to move. The busier I get, the more calm I will be. How can I be? At noon on July 20, I would like to take the opportunity of the old empress dowager to pass the meal. The old empress dowager has a moment to cough and smoke after passing the meal Board The board is the most suitable one (when the empress dowager or the emperor is having dinner, the name of the person who asks for an interview is written on the board of the military aircraft department, which is put on a plate by the internal court administrator, and is left to the empress dowager or the emperor to arrange who will not see who). The sign is a thin piece of bamboo, about five inches long. One third of it is painted with green paint on the top, and two thirds of it is painted white with powder. It is written with the official position of asking for an interview. Also known as Green Head Brand. This is the place where I am careful. In front of the old empress dowager, I ask the board to go. I am very clear about it, so as not to be in trouble. This is my job. I'm very careful. Just then, the old queen mother told me that she would summon Concubine Zhen at the eleventh hour, let her wait at the Yihe Pavilion, and send me to deliver a message. ' Cui Yugui got excited and shouted loudly.

"'I muttered. It's usually two people's job to summon the concubine. It's the rule of the court that one can't lead the concubine out of the palace alone. I think we should find one person to accompany us, so as not to make mistakes. Chen Quanfu is in charge of sending errands in the Happy Birthday Hall. Although I have obeyed the edict of righteousness, Shuida can't go overboard. I should talk to Chen Quanfu about it. After all, Chen Quanfu is an old man who is experienced. He said to me: "Since you are asked to do this job alone, you should not beat the gong and drum, but you can't do it without rules. Now Wang Dehuan is in charge of the Yihe Pavilion. You can ask him to go with you. It's fair and reasonable, because the old empress dowager has ordered the name of the Yihe Pavilion, and there will be something to say in the future.". I think what he said is reasonable.

"At the north end of Jingqi Pavilion, there is a separate courtyard named Three Northeast Institutes. The main gate is always closed Home Affairs Office Cross of paper strip seal , people walk in and out of the waist gate in the west. When we went, the door was closed, and everything was quiet. We knocked on the door and told an old eunuch at the gate to ask Jane to accept the order.

"This is the so-called cold palace. This is my first time here, and also the last time in my life. Later, I asked the old eunuch for many years Nansan Research Institute This is the place for nursing mothers in the Ming Dynasty. The wet nurse, who has made contributions and is old, cannot bear to be sent out. She lives in these places and is not desolate. Concubine Zhen lives in the three westernmost rooms in the north room. The door of the room is locked upside down from the outside. One of the windows is alive. The servants pass in food and face washing from the window. No talking with the servants is allowed. Nobody talks, which is the most depressing thing. They eat the food of ordinary servants. The toilet empties twice a day. Two old eunuchs take turns to monitor, and these two old eunuchs undoubtedly belong to the old queen mother. The hardest thing is that when encountering festivals, death days, the first day of the lunar new year, and the fifteenth day of the lunar new year, the old eunuch has to give a fawning reprimand. This is that the old eunuch, on behalf of the old queen mother, lists the sins of Concubine Zhen, points to her nose and face, and tells her to kneel down to listen respectfully. The designated reprimand is held at lunch time. After the reprimand, Concubine Zhen must kowtow to thank her. This is the most strict family law. Everyone else is having a happy holiday, but she is suffering. Just imagine, before eating, kneeling to hear the reprimand and kowtowing to thank you, can you eat? Concubine Zhen did not want to see us unkempt before receiving the order, so she must be given some time to comb. It comes out from the Third Institute in Northeast China and can only be reached by a certain distance Yihe Pavilion 。 I lead the way in front, and Wang Dehuan serves at the back. As a rule, we wait on the master and don't walk in the middle of Yonglu. We walk along Yonglu one after another. The little master walked alone in the middle of Yong Road, with a clean face and a head Two heads Take off the two sides Winder , light cyan silk cheongsam, and ordinary dark green satin shoes under the feet (lotus soles are not allowed), which is a dress of a guilty concubine. She never said a word. Maybe she also knew that it would not be lucky to wait for her.

"When we arrived at the Yihe Pavilion, the old queen mother was already sitting there. I came in and asked her to kneel down and answer the order, saying that the little leader, Jane, had received the order. I looked with my eyes and saw that there was no maid in the Yihe Pavilion, and the old queen mother was sitting there alone. I was very surprised.

Little Lord Zhen came in and kowtowed, saying good luck. After that, she knelt down and listened to the training. At this time, the room was so quiet that a needle could be heard clearly.

The old queen mother said straightforwardly: 'The foreigners are going to fight into the city. There is chaos outside, and no one can guarantee what will happen. If you are insulted, you will lose the face of the royal family and be sorry to all ancestors. You should understand. ' The words were firm. The old empress dowager's chin was raised, and she did not even look at Concubine Zhen. She waited for an answer.

Concubine Zhen was stunned for a moment and said, 'I understand that I never humiliated my ancestors.'

The empress dowager said: 'You are young and easy to cause trouble! We should take a shelter. It's inconvenient to take you. ' Concubine Zhen said, 'You can take refuge. You can keep the emperor in charge of the capital and maintain the overall situation.'

These words pierced the old empress dowager's heart. The old empress dowager immediately turned her face and shouted, 'You dare to talk nonsense when you are dying.'

Concubine Zhen said, 'I have no crime to die!'

The old queen mother said, 'No matter whether you are guilty or not, you must die!'

Concubine Zhen said, 'I want to see the emperor. The emperor didn't let me die! '

Zhenfei Well (1 sheet)

The empress dowager said: 'The emperor can't save you. Throw her into the well. Come on! '

In this way, Wang Dehuan and I pulled and pushed Concubine Zhen to Shunzhen Gate Inside the well. Concubine Zhen has been clamoring to see the emperor all the time! Finally, he shouted: 'Your Majesty, I will repay you in the next life!'

"I dare say that it was the old queen mother who was thinking carefully about getting rid of Concubine Zhen. She didn't order to push her down the well before she ran away.

"'I won't forget that episode. It was the most tragic episode of my life. Looking back, I admired the 25-year-old Concubine Zhen. Her words were sharper than knives. She died near her head without trembling -" Am I guilty? "" The emperor didn't let me die! "" You love to run, but the emperor shouldn't run! "- These three sentences are quite reasonable, Choke so that the old empress dowager could not answer a word, so she could only play foolhardy. It's amazing that someone who has been in a cold palace for three years can say such a thing.

"You know, I came back from Xi'an early. She welcomed the old empress dowager back to the palace, and within three days, the old empress dowager kicked me out of the palace. The old empress dowager said that she didn't push Concubine Zhen into the well at that time, but only said in anger, and threw her into the well if she didn't obey orders. Cui Yugui was brave enough to throw Concubine Zhen down, so she was angry and sad when she saw Cui. So she forced me out of the palace. Later, Duke Gui said, Which temple has no ghost to die So. What else can I say after hearing this? Since she came back from Xi'an, the old queen mother has become angry with foreigners. It is not the time to make foreigners kowtow when she met foreigners, but she has learned to smile and hold hands when she met the envoy's wife. Foreigners all know about pushing Concubine Zhen into the well. In order to save face, they blame me. This is where the old empress dowager feels guilty. She said she was sorry, but she didn't say she was cruel to me. After all, she still left me a small life. If you want to compensate me, what can I do? When I think about it, I'm afraid. Since I left the palace, I have never dared to touch the side of the palace again. I'm afraid I will kill myself. I heard from Duke Gui that I was expelled from the palace Princess Rongshou The idea given by the master is more difficult to provoke. ' That's all Cui Yugui said.

Palace Life in the Late Qing Dynasty

"It's said that many people have written about the murder of Concubine Zhen. One of our former colleagues, Wang Xiang, saw Concubine Zhen being thrown into the well. The following is what Wang Xiang told me several years ago:

Wang Xiang was in his twenties at that time. He clearly remembered that on July 20 of the Gengzi year, the palace was in a mess, the Empress Dowager Ci Xi The emperor and Guangxu changed their clothes and were about to escape from the palace. Just then, she led Imperial Concubine Jin He Yuqian Chief eunuch Cui Yugui, Wang Dehuan is here Longevity Palace , took Concubine Zhen out of the three places where she was imprisoned. Concubine Zhen has suffered a lot here. She was mentioned to the Queen Mother, and we saw her through the crack of the door, trembling and haggard.

Wang Xiang did not hear what the Queen Mother had said to her. Later, the eunuchs present said that the Western Empress Dowager told her that the Empress Dowager and the Emperor were going to leave Beijing and wanted to take her away, but in the turbulent years, if something happened and the royal dignity was lost, she would be sorry for her ancestors and let her kill herself quickly. According to the eunuchs' legend, Concubine Zhen told the Empress Dowager that the emperor should stay in Beijing, but before Concubine Zhen explained the reason, the Empress Dowager sneered and said to her, "You are dead in front of your eyes. What do you want?"

Wang Xiang said that it was impossible to judge whether these legends were true. At that time, Wang Xiang only saw Concubine Zhen kneeling in front of the Western Empress Dowager from the crack of the door, pleading for her life, and kept shouting“ Father Huang Father Huang, forgive me! I will never do anything wrong again! " The Empress Dowager angrily shouted, "You must die!"

Some of the people present were standing like wooden chickens with tears in their eyes. Probably no one can bear to start. Guangxu and Jinfei were also in tears.

The Empress Dowager was afraid of a long delay, so she kept shouting and started quickly. Cui Yugui went forward, took Concubine Zhen and threw her into the well.

Before Concubine Zhen was dying, Wang Xiang heard her call "Anda Lee, Anda Lee!" Anda was a respectful title for eunuchs. This is Concubine Zhen calling Li Lianying to save her.

The Empress Dowager killed Concubine Zhen cruelly. "

Tang Guanqing, an old palace supervisor, said in the "Concubine Zhen Special Issue" of the Palace Museum Weekly: "After hearing that Concubine Zhen has arrived, please settle down and wish the old ancestor good luck. Later, he said: 'Is it still true now? Yihe Fist What should we do when foreigners come to Beijing to make trouble? ' After the voice became weaker and indistinct, I suddenly heard a loud voice saying, 'Let's jump into the well!' The concubine cried for grace, and Yun did not commit a serious crime. Later he said: 'No matter there is an innocent name, can we be left to be poisoned by foreigners? You go down first, and I will go down too! ' The imperial concubine bowed her head and cried out to Yu Gui (Cui Yugui) after she heard it. Gui said to the imperial concubine, 'Please obey the order!' The imperial concubine said, 'Why are you persecuting me?' The laurel said, 'Master, I'm going down!' The concubine said angrily, 'You don't deserve it!' Suddenly, he shouted, 'Throw her down!' Then there was a sound of earning and twisting, and then there was a thump, thinking that Concubine Zhen had fallen into the well! "

Although the details of these three pieces of information are quite different, the reason for Cixi's execution of Concubine Zhen is quite the same, that is, she was pushed into the well on the pretext of chaos, which should be the truth of Concubine Zhen's death.

Spring 1901 Qing government And Eight-Nation Alliance Making peace, Cixi, Guangxu, etc. were ready to return to the court. Cixi had a nightmare that Concubine Zhen would come to take her life every day. But when she returned to the palace, she ordered people to salvage the bones, put them in coffins and bury them outside Fucheng Gate Enji Village And tried to cover the world's ears in the name of "martyrdom".

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), his sister, Imperial Concubine Jin (who was also the Imperial Concubine Kaojin), buried Imperial Concubine Zhen in Guangxu Chongling Imperial Concubine's Garden Bedroom And built a small mourning hall for her to honor the memorial tablet of Concubine Zhen. A paper plaque was hung on the hall, with the words "Jingwei Tongcheng" written on it, praising Concubine Zhen's true love for Guangxu. The dauntless spirit and noble character of Concubine Zhen, who is very similar to Concubine Zhen, turned into Jingwei like a girl, tells the story of the kind-hearted Concubine Zhen and the cowardly light Chinese nation , a great character of tenacity. The ending of Concubine Zhen's sister, Concubine Jin, is much better than her sister's. In July of the 26th year of Guangxu's reign, Concubine Jin also escaped from the capital with Cixi, and returned to the imperial palace more than a year later. After the death of Emperor Guangxu, Emperor Xuantong Pu Yi granted her the title of Imperial Concubine Kaojin.

Guowen Ready to Ride

"Zhen Feiyin Geng Chen To avoid chaos, Xiaoqin's fate was that the palace people drowned in the well with cloth bags. As everyone knows, there is no doubt about it. "

Other historical materials

My Grandfather Xiaode Zhang also mentioned the death of Concubine Zhen.

It was written that when the palace learned that the Eight Power Allied Forces had attacked Langfang When, a mess. Manager Li ordered all the eunuchs with him to change into casual clothes. The old ancestor (Empress Dowager Cixi) also came imperial garden Next. stay Sexual fast Before, I changed into casual clothes. The imperial concubines arrived one after another. Emperor Guangxu also came from Yingtai and put on his green clothes and cap.

At this time, the old ancestor asked Concubine Zhen to change her clothes and leave together. Not long after, Concubine Zhen ran over with her hair spread out and her cheongsam on. The old ancestor said angrily, "At this time, you are still pretending. Can you live when foreigners come in? Change your clothes and go!" Concubine Zhen said, "Aunt Huang, the servant comes out smallpox He is seriously ill and his legs are sore. I can't walk. Let me go out of the palace to take refuge in my mother's house! " The ancestor still told her to go, but Concubine Zhen knelt on the ground and refused to go. The Ancestor turned around and shouted, asking Cui Yugui to throw her into the well. Cui Yugui immediately lifted Concubine Zhen up. The well was just a few steps away, and he threw her head down, then blocked the well.

The Palace Museum Weekly

1924 feng yu-hsiang Launch the "Beijing Coup" to drive the last emperor Pu Yi out the Forbidden City 。 National Peiping in the same year the palace museum It was declared to be established, and the treasure collection of the secret hall, which used to be for one person, was officially opened to the public. In order to inherit China's long history and culture and spread these rare treasures more widely Yi Peiji At the initiative of the National Palace Museum, the staff of the Palace Museum began to rubbings ancient artifacts, photocopy calligraphy and paintings, and published a beautifully printed special issue, The Palace Museum Monthly. Due to the lack of funds for the museum, it is unable to pay the expensive publishing fees continuously. So on October 10, 1929, on the fourth anniversary of the founding of the Palace Museum《 Palace Museum Weekly 》It came out.

The Palace Museum edited and published the Palace Museum Weekly, the first editor in chief Wu Jingzhou 。

Concubine Zhen

The 30th issue of the Palace Museum Weekly published the "Empress Zhen", which is the only special issue of the pictorial. In order to seek truth and trust, the editor of the pictorial made many visits to the eunuch of the Forbidden City and other eunuchs who were still alive at that time. As a result, he visited two palace maids surnamed Bai and Liu, and the eunuch Tang Guanqing. However, the palace maid surnamed Bai used to be the maid of Concubine Zhen in her early years, and she was expelled from the palace after she was imprisoned by Cixi. Therefore, she did not know about Concubine Zhen's deeds after she was imprisoned, and she was only rumored to have thrown herself into a well. The palace maid surnamed Liu left the palace in May of the 25th year of Guangxu's reign (1899). There was no Boxer Rebellion at that time, and it was only rumored that the concubine was thrown into the well. But Tang Guanqing claimed that he not only witnessed the death of Concubine Zhen, but also heard the conversation between Cixi and Concubine Zhen. To this end, Pictorial gave an exclusive interview to him and made the conversation record public. Its content is:

"The Geng Tzu's coalition army entered Beijing on July 19, and the palace was filled with surprises. Cui Yugui, the general manager, led a team of 60 people to guard the Hemen Gate, and Yu Yi led 40 people to guard the Yueshou Hall. Just after noon, Yu Yu rested at the back door. After watching Cixi suddenly, he came out from the inside, and no one was waiting behind him. He secretly assumed that he would go to the Yihe Hall, and then moved to the front to support him. Even on the right side of the Yueshou Hall, he walked along the west corridor. Surprised, he said:‘ the Buddha Where to go? ' He said, 'Don't ask me, just follow the rest of the way.' And offset Corner gate At the turning, suddenly he said, 'You can wait on the porch of the Summer Palace. If anyone peeps, he will not be pitied if shot.' When Yu Fang was shocked, Cui Yugui came and helped him out of the corner gate to the west. It means to steal or die, but it doesn't dare to ask. Shaoqing heard of the arrival of Concubine Zhen. Please settle down and wish our ancestors good luck. Later, he said: 'Is it still true now? What should we do if the Boxers make trouble and foreigners come to Beijing? ' After the language gradually fades, it is hard to distinguish. Suddenly he heard a loud voice saying, 'Let's jump into the well!' The concubine cried for grace, and Yun did not commit a serious crime. Later he said: 'No matter there is an innocent name, can we be left to be poisoned by foreigners? You go down first, and I will go down too. ' The imperial concubine bowed her head and cried out jade laurel after smelling. Gui said to the imperial concubine, 'Please obey the order!' The imperial concubine said, 'Why are you persecuting me?' The laurel said, 'Master, go down, and I will go back down.' The concubine said angrily, 'You don't deserve it!' I am so stunned and bewildered. Suddenly, he shouted, 'Throw her down!' Then there was a sound of earning and twisting, and then there was a bang, thinking that Concubine Zhen had fallen into the well. Shishi, Emperor Guangxu's Residence Heart Nourishing Hall It is not known yet. Hou Yu Gui Ju Hair dorsum Dead. "

There was also a "Route Map of Concubine Zhen's Last Confinement and Well Throwing" drawn according to Tang Guanqing's testimony, which indicated the place where Cixi and Concubine Zhen talked and where Tang Guanqing was. So someone found the flaw in Tang Guanqing's conversation in this picture: the place where Cixi and Concubine Zhen talked was far away from the corner of the outer corner gate of the Yihe Pavilion where Tang Guanqing was ordered to guard the wind. With such a distance, how could he possibly hear the conversation between Cixi, Concubine Zhen and Cui Yugui mentioned in his testimony?

As a result, the death of Concubine Zhen recorded in "Concubine Zhen" has been questioned and become a family statement. The death of Concubine Zhen is still an unsolved mystery.

Post death mourning and glory

Concubine Zhen

Concubine Zhen was ostensibly named by Empress Dowager Cixi Imperial Concubine However, the family of Princess Zhen's mother was asked to salvage her body and bury it in the palace maid cemetery. More than 10 years later, her sister Princess Jin did imperial concubine of a deceased emperor , commanding the harem, and then burying her back to the place where she was supposed to be buried—— Chongling Imperial Concubine's Garden Bedroom 。

In 1913, the deathbed of Concubine Zhen was moved to Qing Xiling The side hall of Lianggezhuang temporary palace was temporarily installed.

Guangxu Chongling It was only after Puyi ascended the throne in 1909 that he began to repair it. Until 1912, Empress Dowager Longyu for Xuantong release Abdicate Rescript At that time, the foundation works of Chongling were not more than half. Qing government In 1912, the whole project stopped working for another year.

In 1913, the government of the Republic of China took over the repair project of Chongling. According to the fifth paragraph of the Conditions for Preferential Treatment of Clearing Houses: "The unfinished project of Dezong Chongling Mausoleum, if completed and repaired Feng'an The ceremony is still like the old system. All practical funds are paid by Republic of China Expenditures. "

"On the third day of October in the fifth year of Xuantong (1913), the imperial edict was given that the golden coffin of Concubine Zhen should be temporarily installed in Lianggezhuang's temporary palace. It is planned to apply for the time on November 16 to invite Concubine Zhen's golden coffin to be installed in the cemetery. The golden coffin of Concubine Zhen should be installed in the west treasure circle of the cemetery."

On the 17th day of the 13th year of Xuantong (April 24, 1921), "the imperial edict was given to pursue Wei Zhen, the high ranking imperial concubine. Wen Gongsu wrote this book for a long time, allowing him to add the title of Chong, and should add the following posthumous title: To obey the emperor and his concubine All the ceremonies should be held in this yamen. I am here. "

Tomb Robbery Suspect

Thirty years after the death of Concubine Zhen, a tomb theft happened in the tomb of Concubine Chongling, where she was buried.

In early November 1938, in Hebei Yixian County Of Qing Xiling Nearby, there is a village called Huabei Village. There was a man named Oshichen in the village. He and his fellow village had a plot called Guan Youren to do something important about tomb theft. They found several veteran tomb robbers respectively. Gathered 8 people, found several guns, collected more than 20 bullets, and prepared mattock 、 Spade , axe A handsaw , steel poles and other tools used to dig up bricks and steal the tomb of Emperor Guangxu's concubine.

Tomb of Concubine Zhen (7 sheets)

Emperor Guangxu had one queen and two concubines. His imperial concubine's tomb is called Chongling Imperial concubine's Garden Bedroom. In the garden dormitory, there are two graves, where Jinfei and Zhenfei are buried respectively. Oshichen led the bandits into the cemetery. The bandits used explosives and fired three rounds to blow up the underground palace. Then the bandits used axes to Coffins A hole was cut out. "The body of the concubine in the coffin has not yet rotted into a pile of bones. She is wearing Imperial crown , dressed in court clothes, with jade in his hand, a brocade bag hanging on his waist, and Ruyi beside him. The skin and flesh on his face are still there, and his facial features are indistinct, especially his eyes, which are half closed and slightly open. According to superstition, he died of injustice without closing his eyes. "

This passage is Hebei CPPCC Literature and History Collection《 Night Robber Tomb of Concubine Zhen 》The article describes the scene when the tomb of Concubine Zhen was stolen. There is also a scene in this article when Empress Dowager Cixi sent people to salvage the remains of Princess Zhen after returning to Beijing from Xi'an in 1901:

"In November 1901, Cixi and others returned to Beijing from Xi'an. In order to hide their eyes, they announced that Concubine Zhen committed suicide by throwing herself into a well in order to avoid being insulted by foreigners, and restored her reputation and conferred Concubine Zhen as a noble concubine. Cixi also issued a decree to ask her family to salvage the body of Concubine Zhen. The body of Concubine Zhen has been soaked in the well for more than a year and a half, and the wellhead is small, so it is impossible to salvage it. Cixi was so angry that she wanted to accuse the whole family. Zhiqi (the younger brother of Concubine Zhen) was scared out of his wits. He quickly put on the incense table, burned incense and kowtowed to his sister to show mercy and save the whole family. As a result, it took a lot of effort to salvage the body, which is horrible. Zhiqi straightens her sister's crooked leg with tears and buries it in Beijing Xizhimen Waitian Village. "

《 Night Robber Tomb of Concubine Zhen 》In the article, there are many contradictions. One and a half years after the death of Concubine Zhen, the body was salvaged from the well, which is horrible. But 37 years later, when the tomb was robbed, the skin and flesh on her face were still alive, and her facial features were indistinct. It's unbelievable that this is the same person. The writer wants to come Grave robber What we saw should be the real scene, so it can be judged that what we saw when robbing the tomb should be Concubine Jin rather than Concubine Zhen.

Character evaluation

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Positive comments

In the long history of five thousand years in China, Concubine Zhen is the only one who accepts western ideas and dares to cooperate with the court feudal ethics The concubines who have extraordinary courage and will to compete with each other. She is honest by nature, can't please the dignitaries, and doesn't like the rules in the court. Concubine Zhen likes western Photography Let Cixi He was dissatisfied and ignored the etiquette in the palace. Sometimes he disagreed with Empress Dowager Cixi and dared to contradict her face to face. And Princess Zhen's favor led to Empress Dowager Cixi's niece Queen Longyu The loss of favor between Cixi and Concubine Zhen deepened the gap between them. As she gradually became a thorn in Cixi's side, the scene of "Concubine gradually lost Cixi's love, but has not yet changed" was staged. This also foreshadowed her tragic future.

Shang Yanying Sir, according to Credibility The article "Death of Concubine Zhen" described by the eunuch wrote "Concubine Zhen and Her Person". This article recounts Concubine Zhen's life and deeds in detail; Then, according to the Guangxu Scholars, officials, and officials Hu Sijing Of《 Guowen Standby 》(1924), there are many detailed cases involving Concubine Zhen, which should be credible when compared with the Death of Concubine Zhen.

Deling recorded in Yingtai Weeps for Blood that Emperor Guangxu almost summoned the lucky concubines every day and returned them every three or four days Jingren Palace Go once. The clever Zhenbin understood the difficulties of Emperor Guangxu's situation and inner sufferings, and understood and sympathized with him very much. Zhenbin is a passionate and kind-hearted girl who tries every means to care for Emperor Guangxu gently and tenderly, and does everything possible to make her husband feel warm and happy. Concubine Zhen is "dignified in appearance and alert in nature". She was born in a family of cultural officials and was influenced by her family. She has been "familiar with literature and history" since she was young. She is versatile in music, chess, calligraphy and painting. What is more valuable is that she "writes well, can write both left and right, and can also draw".

Negative comments

According to《 A Tale of Palace Maiden 》It is recorded that an old palace maid recalled Concubine Zhen like this: when it comes to Concubine Zhen, she is not a piece of beautiful jade, nor is she a person who comes out of mud without being stained. She also exercised power and sold officials. In the history of the late Qing Dynasty, in addition to Cixi, Concubine Zhen was the most legendary and eye-catching concubine. Although she only lived for 25 years, people still relish her story today. In the eyes of the world, Concubine Zhen has always been a victim of Cixi's jealousy for helping the Guangxu Reform, and then was sent to the cold palace and finally died a tragic death. It is a positive image of profound righteousness. Both the literators who wrote books and wrote stories and the common people sympathized with the love between Concubine Zhen and Guangxu, and castigated Cixi for her arrogance and cruelty. However, the historical truth is not so simple. At the CPPCC National Committee《 Selected Literature and History Materials 》Episode 92 Celebrities in the Late Qing Dynasty Shang Yanying The book titled "Concubine Zhen and Her Person", however, gave us a different Concubine Zhen - a Concubine Zhen who was jailed because she became a traitor to Cixi.

In the late Qing Dynasty, selling officials and titles was not only an open secret, but even legalized. At that time Donation system In fact, it is selling officials to solve the financial tension of the imperial court. It is recorded that Concubine Zhen saw Cixi Li Lianying Each of them invents his own name for his own selfish interests, sells his official positions wantonly and acts recklessly. So, in order to solve the problem that he was short of money, he took advantage of being favored by the Emperor Guangxu to sell officials. For example, for a man named Geng Jiu Guangdong Customs The wealth of Tao is for Lu Boyang Shanghai Road And so on. In any case, Concubine Zhen really had a handle on Cixi's case, so she was accused of "interfering in the state affairs".

Anecdotes and allusions

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Concubine Zhen likes taking pictures very much. Photography When it was introduced into China in the late Qing Dynasty, it was regarded as a "thing of western obscenity" by conservative stubborn figures. Some people even thought that photography could take away people's souls and hurt their spirits and life. However, as a teenager, Concubine Zhen was obsessed with photography. She asked someone to buy a camera. Not only in her own bedroom, Jingren Palace, but also in the Emperor's Heart Nourishing Hall and other places she often went to, she took pictures "without any posture or dress", which can be described as a novelty. She not only took photos of herself, but also others. At the same time, she also taught eunuchs to take photos. She took photography as a great pleasure in her life, but unfortunately none of the photos taken by Concubine Zhen could be passed down. It is said that Concubine Zhen also secretly ordered a eunuch named Dai to open a photo studio outside Donghua Gate. The matter was discovered by the Queen and reported to Cixi. The photo studio was closed down and the eunuch named Dai was killed. Concubine Zhen loves beauty and dresses well. She likes to follow the trend and often makes all kinds of new clothes. She especially likes to dress up as a man Crown suit , sometimes wearing the clothes of Emperor Guangxu imperial robe Play. According to the rules of the palace, the concubine can only sit in a four person sedan instead of an eight person sedan chair. According to the maid surnamed Liu in the Palace of Qing Dynasty, the Emperor Guangxu specially rewarded Concubine Zhen with an eight person sedan chair. Once when Empress Zhen was riding, she was found out by Cixi. She was furious and ordered someone to smash the sedan chair.

Once, Guangxu took a thousand pearls from the warehouse, and Princess Zhen made them into a pearl shawl. The Empress learned about this and reported it to Cixi. However, Cixi didn't seem to have much reaction. The matter ended with Concubine Zhen taking off her shawl and giving back the original number of pearls.

Family members

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Great grandfather: Sarang A (Ren Chief of the Ministry of Officials ）

Grandfather: Governor of Shaanxi Gansu Tatera Yutai (Supervisor Guiming Brother Guiling Assistant Leader)

Grandmother: Guarga

Father: Chang Xu (Ren Hubu Youshilang ）

Parent: Aixin Jueluo Family name (legitimate mother), Zhao family name (birth mother)

Uncle: Chang Qi (wife and Wu Mitt), Be kind (Ren Guangzhou General , Wife Guarga ）, Chang Jing (Ren Tongchuan Suiding Chongqing Government Prefecture magistrate, wife Herscheli)

Aunt: Shi Zheng Yellow flag Manchuria Borzigit Hubei a provincial official equivalent to today's chief prosecutor of a high court Honoring

Sister: Shizheng Yellow Flag Manchuria Borzigit Shanxi Chief Executive Baoheng The son of Chen Ling, Imperial Concubine Jin

Canon

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A treasured concubine Canon ：

I have no choice but to publicize the chili sauce. Lai Shufan helped you. Colorful and glossy mud. Peishu is gracious but has a strong life. Huiyinke Deputy. Maodian should be imitated. Erta Tara. Xun Shun's homestead heart. Be modest and show your tolerance. The virtue of Zanxuan Palace. Yunbu IKEA. Yi Heng wears the appearance. Duan Zizhi governs the internal affairs. This is to present Cixi Duanyou Kang Yizhao Yuzhuang's sincere birthday Empress Dowager Yizhi. She was crowned as a rare concubine. Erqi Ziting served. Never forget to spoil your family. Tongguan Yanghui. Always welcome the collection of great gifts. Qinzai.

Canon

Book of Concubine Zhen:

In the 21st year of Wei Guangxu's reign, he was born in the second year of his life. In November, Ding Youshuo was born, and on the 12th day of Yue's reign, Wushen was born. Made by the emperor : I have only six palaces in my position, and the hot pepper is used to promote the transformation of Suyong; Teaching and compliance Four Virtues The blue surface shows the gentleness. Yin Chengjiu collaborated with Henghuang and followed the grand plan. His wife, Er Zhen, has a Lala surname. She is tranquil and has a good personality. Be respectful and careful not to violate the rule of the Kazanne Dynasty; Be courteous and not lax in accepting the joy of the Virgin. Happily, we are honored in the palace; Admire the lotus and show kindness to the imperial concubines. He is merciful to the imperial edict, and has been granted the title of Concubine Zhen. He admires her as an eagle Elephant costume , with the implication of Xiangkun's virtue; This is to welcome you. The purity of spring sunshine is long. Qinzai.

Canon

Related poems

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Qing Palace Ci

Qing Palace Ci, Concubine Zhen

The golden well sits with a leaf beside the desolate Yao Palace.

The branches are not scattered, and the sun is shining.

The water in the ditch is empty with hatred, and the clothes are useless with heartbreak.

Like grass beside the marsh, it's like a mandarin duck sleeping at night.

Send Guangxu from Concubine Zhen's Cold Palace

How many worries can the world have? The choice between success and failure will cease at that time.

Only when I miss you, tears will flow to the end of the world!

Multiple Refined Spike

盦 (sound "An", ancient food utensils)

At the end of the Geng Tzu's life, he was sent to the Fujian Sea for several times, and received a letter from his friend Zhang Zhefu. When the allied forces entered the capital, the army and the people looked strange, and Two palaces Xi Xing has heard all kinds of stories about the death of Concubine Zhen. After the reply, the money was sent one after another. At that time, the poems of the scholars who stayed in the capital were mostly implicit. In fact Cixi It makes people squeeze Zhenfei into the well.

Press: Concubine surname He He Lashi , Governor Yutai She is the daughter of Sun, the daughter of Shilang Changxu, and the sister of Concubine Jin. Born in the second year of Guangxu Bing Zi In the 14th year, she was elected as a Zhenbin, in the 20th year, she was a Zhenfei in the Jin Dynasty, and died in the palace in the 26th year, only 25 years old. In the 27th year, Emperor Dezong of the Qing Dynasty returned to Beijing and pursued Jin Dynasty as the Imperial Concubine Zhen. The concubines and sisters are all female disciples of Wen Daoxi. Brother Kun Zhongru: Zhirui ， A lofty position , Zhiqi, who can be heard all the time. The case of Wuxu was deeply hated by Cixi.

I will rent a house with my friend in the west of the city, that is, the imperial concubine will make up the pavilion when she enters the palace. Often, under the bamboo in the shade of Huaiyin, the emperor heard anecdotes and trivia of the day, covering the reform of Dezong. The imperial concubines sometimes supported them and sometimes said they would die for the country, which was almost taboo for respected people.

This is to summarize the poems that were popular at that time among those related to the imperial concubines. After that, only one or two out of ten will be awarded, and the rest will be kissed by the rats

Slow voice

The sound of stinging insects and falling sorrows, the blowing of butterflies and empty branches, and the floating of people's hearts and minds. A separated soul, the setting sun shook the dream into smoke. The old title of Xianggou is red, and the forbidden women are haggard year after year. Cold faith is urgent, and Holy Palace Sad play, pay sad string. The phoenix in the eternal nest is flying, and is flying in the frost golden well. Dancing with the wind, we know that gratitude and resentment are groundless. The sky is cloudy and the cave is wide, and the night is full of tears and hatred for Xiangxuan (*). Ask Kongshan Xiu about the falling cuckoo 。 [* Note: Xuan Yin "Gorgeous" used in ancient times Carry tripod Tools]

Jin Mingchi's chanting operator

Suddenly, the flying dust swept over the face, and the Xun Shui Peifeng lapel was hard to ask about the old love. The fragrance changed when it was fragrant, the sad cicada was broken, and the flower dream was short. Wild mandarin sleeps steadily, curls cigarettes and returns weeping willow 。 Looking at Taiyi's immortal boat, it's hard to be sure of the date of return. Tears of weeping dew and song plate, lead tears, and a total of bronze immortals steal fish.

The wind from the west is down and down, looking for the sin liquor, and the blue tube is deep. The dance of neon clothes, tonight, is folded and slanted, with tears on the surface. In the Ming Dynasty, all the lovesickness, Taiye Qiu Rong, but falling into powder, empty room, stone scales are hated, afraid Yujing Peak At the beginning, the moon dims and the smoke fades, and the green tree is damaged by the lingering fragrance.

Xiang Jun by Li Yiyuan

Green maple The river is full of ancient and modern feelings, and the Jinse faintly hears the sobbing sound. The return of cranes in Liaohai should be hated, and the Dinghu Longyun is always unknown.

The pearl curtain is still fragrant through the rain, and the bronze chariot is also a dream in autumn. Tianbao's old people are scattered. Longhe talks hard about Huaqing

Gengzi Fallen Leaves Ci

The seal of the golden turtle button

(1) The Qin seal was installed in Zhen Palace overnight, and the spring of Han Dynasty came out of Shule for thousands of years. Phoenix tailed sandalwood grooves accompany the jade valonia, and dragon inscriptions and jade wreaths are sacrificed to gold jewelry.

Wenluan Go to the sun red for tears, light Yan Xian when purple smoke. In October, the imperial city flies wood leaves, and where can I hear the sad cicadas.

(II) Green ripples in the red moon round, Emperor's son Sincerity turns the bird back. Heavy jade summons souls and wounds Muman. Gradually, the imperial concubine is summoned with integrity.

The cold food during the Qingming Festival is recalled year after year, and the people in the city are in trouble in everything. Xiangse flows mournfully and plays farewell to the swans. The cold fish mourns for the wild geese.

(III) The silver bed, the jade dew, the cold gold shop, the blue rainbow, the deer and the Lu. Gu's evil voice cries Kuzhu, and Zigui calls Cangwu every night.

Breaking the family is not tolerant of Yun Zhaoxun, and martyrs for Li Baofu. Expected to wear under the moon, full of stars cry red lotus.

(IV) rosefinch Wuyi Lane In the battlefield, the white dragon fish suit is out of the side wall. The scenery outside the Gulbo Pavilion is miserable, and the years in the Yuzao Palace are long.

The water hall pities the pearl tactfully, and the ice gauze wins the jade desolation. The king should not ask about the Three Lives. Pear flowers are all around the Buddha Hall.

(V) The Queen Mother raised the Gui Banner and closed the door to express her gratitude for the late education. It is difficult to ask the Han family how to pass the law of heaven, but the enemy's civilization is not as good as Buddhism.

Ten houses with a few people wearing white hair, the imperial harems On the same day, we plan green mules. Wang Niang sticks Tiancao on her beard, and only uses microwave to kill rolls.

(VI) Astronomy is making good use of Wang Liangma, and the earth's collaterals destroy Shu before snakes. Taiye comes from Hanshengze, and narcissus has been famous since ancient times.

Cymbidium mourns her shadow and injures the Qiong tree. Hehan returns to his heart and wets the river yarn. Di Nu also pitied others for her poor life. She fought with each other to hang flowers.

(VII) The ten seas stop singing and dancing, and lotus hunts carp. Xuantai is shocked by the war Ibis , Yao Xi Xinxiang cuts the green bear.

The soul is hidden in the chariot of Qin wind, and the holy light belongs to Jin Jiao Palace. Jingyang downstairs rouge water, God Yue Qiuhao things are different.

(VIII) Outside the curtain, the morning wind blows flowering peach , swallowing in front of Weiyang Hall Qin Xiao 。 Who has ever seen Shihua Guangxiu? The deep water and strange fragrance will not burn.

Lotus loves to throw away powder and tears, and the rascal learns to slim his waist. The cloud robe is needlessly embroidered with fairy folds, and the white stone and green spring are lonely.

(IX) Both sisters and brothers fly to watch the immortals, and the phoenix is a blessing. Enjoy flowers everywhere with bronze chariots, and spend jade money when fighting grass.

The green grass in Qin Garden hastens the sunset, and the spring snow in Liang Garden lasts for hundreds of millions of years. Name only Qing History He Shui and He Shan recognize Mutian.

(10) The green duckweed rises in the wind, and the faint pity is bright and faded to cover the spring stars. Poplar path broken smell mountain birds, red lotus root line degrees cold fluorite.

Mountain Posthouse Dreams Back to Sadness urgent message calling men to arms The water pavilion is sorrowful and meets the painting. The Luanyu River fills the bridge with magpies and the Huanggu River is close by Picture screen 。

(XI) Heza Mountain flower vine Mirror stand ， Fish lantern Mercury sea makeup plum. Three springs dries up and mourns the peaceful village. Five victories are empty and become hatred.

Happiness in the sea of life is like ink, while Tailing looks at embroidery in piles. How about the tomb in front of the women's gate of Qi, only the jackdaws peck the cold moss.

(XII) Where is the Emperor's family in Hengfen, Gushe Mountain The snow has not cleared. The regretful sea should be filled with fossils, and the soft countryside has three feet of different tides.

Green sheep chin bottom Lianzhu lapel, white horse bridge head hanging Cuiqiao. On the beautiful evening of the eighth festival and the fourth hour, the soul of Qian will rest Xiuyi Bridge 。

Relevant historical records

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《 History manuscript of the Qing Dynasty ·The Record of Dezong - Biography of Empress Concubine

Keshun, the emperor and his concubine, Duan Kanghuang's Imperial Concubine Female brother. The same selection is for Zhen Pin. Enter Concubine Zhen. By disobeying the empress dowager, he criticized her for her habit of luxury, and often begged her to lower her. More than years ago, she was still granted the title of Concubine Zhen. In the 26th year of the reign of the Empress Dowager, she went out on a tour and was buried in the well. Twenty seven years later, he returned to Beijing. Chase the Imperial Concubine. Buried outside Xizhi Gate, and moved to Chongling. Pursue Zunfeng.

True Records of the Qing Dynasty - True Records of Emperor Dezong Jing of the Qing Dynasty

book

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《 An American's View of the Late Qing Court 》

My Grandfather Little Dezhang

"The Record of Seeing and Hearing in the Late Qing Palace"

《 A Tale of Palace Maiden 》

《 Emperor Guangxu's Concubine Zhen 》Wang Shanpu

The Legend of the End of Guangxu

《 Guangxu and Concubine Zhen 》Go out of the mountain

《 Guangxu and Concubine Zhen 》Historical novella

《 Rouge well 》Gao Yang

《 Yingtai Sunset 》Gao Yang

"The Fragrance of the Imperial Incense" Deling

《 Son of Heaven 》Deling

《 The imperial incense is ethereal 》 Dezhen (Album)

《 The Twelve Concubines of the Qing Dynasty 》

Film and television image

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particular year	TV play/movie	portrayer
one thousand nine hundred and twenty-eight	Secret History of the Qing Palace	Zhou Wenzhu^[4]
one thousand nine hundred and forty-eight	《 Secret History of the Qing Palace 》	Zhou Xuan^[3]
one thousand nine hundred and fifty-two	《 Emperor Guangxu's Night Sacrifice to Concubine Zhen 》	Yu Lizhen^[5]
one thousand nine hundred and sixty-four	《 The Western Empress Dowager and Concubine Zhen 》	Zhang Meiyao^[6]
one thousand nine hundred and seventy	"Qing Palace Resentment"	Huiyin
one thousand nine hundred and seventy	Dream of Qing Palace	Li Xuan
one thousand nine hundred and seventy-five	《 one 's beauty was such as to overthrow cities and ruin states 》	Xiao Yao^[7]
one thousand nine hundred and seventy-six	《 Yingtai Weeps Blood 》	Xiao Yao^[8]
one thousand nine hundred and seventy-five	《 Qing Palace Residual Dream 》	Wang Mingquan^[9]
one thousand nine hundred and eighty-one	《 Emperor Guangxu and Concubine Zhen 》	Xu Xiunian
one thousand nine hundred and eighty-two	《 Qing Palace Resentment 》	Zhen Ying^[10]
one thousand nine hundred and eighty-four	《 Tan Sitong 》	Ma Shengjun^[11]
one thousand nine hundred and eighty-five	《 Happy Spirit 》	Lv Youhui^[12]
one thousand nine hundred and eighty-nine	《 Night Robber Tomb of Concubine Zhen 》	Li Jing^[13]
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-one	《 Eunuch Li Lianying 》	Xu Fan^[14]
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-one	《 Saijinhua 》	Liu Shuyi
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-two	《 The 13 Imperial Dynasties of the Manchu and Qing Dynasties 》	Qi Meizhen^[15]
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-three	《 Joking about Cixi 》	Kuang Mingjie^[16]
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-five	《 Cixi's Westward Journey 》	Chen Yingying
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-seven	《 Sunset Forbidden City 》	Jiang Wenli^[17]
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight	《 The Wind and Cloud of 1898 》	Jiang Shan^[18]
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight	《 Happy Dragon Tour 》	Yang Jiemei
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine	Weng Tonghe	Chen Lin
two thousand and two	《 Highly skilled doctor Sheraton 》	Sun Lan^[19]
two thousand and three	《 Thirteen grid 》	Wang Yiting^[20]
two thousand and three	《 Towards the Republic 》	Asru^[21]
two thousand and six	《 Dragon is not dragon and phoenix is not phoenix 》	Zhang Hui^[22]
two thousand and seven	《 Xiuniang Lanxin 》	Du Xiaoting^[23]
two thousand and eight	《 Gengzi Fengyun 》	Zhang Ruixi^[24]
two thousand and ten	《 Pleiades of the firmament 》	Zhang Meng^[25]
two thousand and ten	《 Happy Mother-in-law, Pretty Daughter-in-law 》	Zhou Muyin^[26]
two thousand and eleven	《 New Biography 》	Bao Wenjing^[27]
two thousand and thirteen	《 Legend of the miracle doctor Sheraton 》	Wang Xiaochen^[28]
two thousand and sixteen	《 Last Imperial Doctor 》	Zhu Chenli^[29]
two thousand and twenty-three	《 Just met you 》	Zhao Qing^[2]

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