In the 1970s, gene recombination technologycell fusionetc.bioengineering technologyThe rapid development of,microbial engineeringemerge as the times require.New "engineering bacteria" and superbacteria can be created according to the blueprint designed by human beings through DNA assembly or cell engineering.Then, the material products beneficial to human beings are produced through the fermentation of microorganisms.
In the biological world,microorganismSpecific surface area (ratio of surface area to volume), conversion capacityreproductionspeed、variationAndadaptabilityThe five indicators, such as.Under suitable conditions, bacteria can reproduce in 20 minutes. After 24 hours, one cell can reproduce into 4 trillion billion cells. Bacteria can reproduce 500 times faster than plants and 2000 times faster than animals.
Traditional fermentation technology, combined with genetic engineering, cell engineering, protein engineering and enzyme engineering in modern biological engineering, makes the fermentation industry enter the stage of microbial engineering.
microbial engineeringIt includes strain selection, strain production, fermentation of metabolites and utilization of microbial functions.
Modern microbial engineering not only uses microbial cells, but also canplant cellFermentation produces useful products.For example, mass culture in culture tankHybridoma cell, producing monoclonal antibodies for disease diagnosis and treatment, etc.
Bioengineering and technology are considered to be the leading technologies in the 21st century. As one of the symbols of the new technological revolution, it has received universal attention from all countries in the world.Bioengineering will provide the most promising way to solve the crisis and pressure of environment, resources, population, energy, food, etc. faced by human beings. However, it is mainly microbial engineering (fermentation engineering) that bioengineering can really be applied to industrial production.High tech achievements such as genetic engineering, cell engineering, enzyme engineering, monoclonal antibody and bioenergy transformation are often transformed into productivity through microorganisms.
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1. Taking biology as the object, we do not completely rely on the limited resources on the earth, but focus on the utilization of renewable resources, not limited by raw materials.
2. The temperature required for biological reaction is much lower than that for chemical synthesis reaction. At the same time, it can simplify the production steps, implement the continuity of the production process, greatly save energy, shorten the production cycle, reduce costs and reduce environmental pollution.
3. It can open up a new way to produce cheap and pure biological products safely and effectively.
4. It can solve many major problems that traditional technology or conventional methods cannot solve, such as the diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases, and provide new solutions for cancer, energy, and environmental protection.
5. It can be targeted to create new varieties and species to meet various needs and benefit mankind.
6. Small investment, large income and quick effect.
Microbial engineering is gradually forming a force that causes industrial adjustment and social structure reform.Therefore, governments all over the world haveMicrobial fermentationThe project is included in the national science and technology priority development projects.
