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Wang Yong(1054-1105),Korea DynastyThe 15th monarch (reigned from 1095 to 1105).wordTianchang, former nameXiIn 1101, for avoiding Emperor Tianzuo of Liao DynastyYelu YanxiIts name was changed due to taboo.He isKorean WenzongSon,Gao Lishunzong、Korea XuanzongHis younger brother was granted the title of Jilin Marquis in his early years and later became Jilin Duke. In 1095, he wiped out his relativesLi ZiyiAnd accept your nephewKorea Presents BuddhismTo becomeKing of Korea。Nanjing (nowthe republic of koreaSeoul）, coinage, late years andPerfection DepartmentJurchenAfter making enemies and failing to use troops, a "squad for fighting others" was set up to strengthen the military strength.after deathTemple nameSuzong，Posthumous titleMingxiao, buried in Yingling Tomb.
On July 28, the 23rd year of Chongxi (1054),Korean WenzongWang HuiAnd his Princess Li（Empress Dowager Renrui）Between the birth of the third son, named Xi.In February of the first year of Xianyong (1065), Wang Xi was granted the title of Jilin Marquis, and in March of the third year of Dakang (1077), he was promoted to Jilin Duke.Wang Xi has read the classics and history since he was young, and read widely. Wenzong loved him a lot when he was alive. He once said to Wang Xi, "You are probably the one who can revive the royal family in the future!"[1]This may be a fiction made by Wang Xi after he ascended the throne, or it may have been foreseen by WenzongExternal relativesIt is a fact that Wenzong dotes on Wang Xi because of his persistent influence and inevitable conflict with the royal family.[2]
Korea XuanzongWang YunAfter assuming the throne, Wang Xi was appointed as the guardian in February of the second year of Da'an (1086)Taibao。In May of the 10th year of Da'an (1094), Xuanzong Hong died, his young and weak sonWang YuTo ascend the throneKorea Presents Buddhism, Wang Xi addedGrand MasterConcurrentShangshu Decree。The situation that the majority of the country is suspicious has aggravated the conflict between the foreign relatives and the imperial family, and Wang Xi has already taken precautions to gather a large number of civilians and build his own private group.[3]When Xuanzong was seriously ill, Wang Xi attempted to visit the palace without being ordered by Xuanzong, and was admittedGuo ShangTo stop it, we can see that he might have coveted it at that time.[4]In July of the first year of Shouchang (1095), Wang Xi learned about foreign relativesLi ZiyiTrying to support his nephew Han ShanhouWang Yun's plot. Tell Ping Zhangshi secretlyShao Taifu, ordered him to wipe out Li Ziyi, and Shao Taifu joined the generalWang GuofengHe launched a coup and wiped out the power of Li Ziyi at one fell swoop.[5]Wang Xi was thus in power and was honored as "Uncle" (Taishu). He was appointed the head of the hundred officials on the second day of August——Middle order, receive congratulations from officials at the mansion.[6]Two months later, I will offer youBook makingZen is located in Wang Xi. Wang Xiqian made repeated concessions, but it was located in Chongguang Hall on the eighth day of October, which is for the purpose of Suzong.[7]
After Suzong seized the throne from his nephew, he made official vows on a large scale, not only hundreds of people were over granted official positions, but also industry and commerceSapphireThere are also those who have leapt to become prominent officials, and the relevant departments can only keep quiet about this mess.[8]More than a year later, Xianzong Hong died, which later generations thought was Suzong's "usurping" act.[9]
Liao Dynasty to Song Dynasty
After Suzong ascended the throne, Wang was informed of his illness and abdicatedsuzerainLiao DynastyIn December of the third year of Shouchang (1097)Liao DaozongCanonized asSpecial advance、CalibrationTaiwei、Middle order、Upper Pillars、King of KoreaThere are 1000 households in Shiyi and 700 households in Shishi.In July of the following year, the Suzong SectYin GuanZhao Xuan as an envoySong dynasty, and asked the Song Dynasty to allow Gao Lizi to participate in the Song DynastyThe imperial examination，Song ZhezongXu TongBingon。[10]In May of the sixth year of Shouchang (1100), Suzong learned that Song Zhezong had diedRen YiBai Kechen went to the Song Dynasty to pay tribute, and in July sent Wang GuWu YanchongCongratulations to Duan WangZhao Ji（Song Huizong）Ascending to the top, I got a gift from the Song Dynasty《Cefu Yuangui》、《Magical Doctor Prescription》、《Taiping Imperial Survey》And other books (but the Song Dynasty didn't promise to give them to Gaoli《Comprehensive Mirror for Aid Government》's request[11]）In particular, the acquisition of the book "Taiping Yulan" surprised Suzong.[12]The Song Dynasty also changed to the Yuanfeng Method, restoring the courtesy to Korea[13], in the summer of the third year of Qiantong (1103)Liu Kui、Wu ShiAs a national messenger, he sent envoys to Korea and sent four medical officers at the request of Korea, which was greatly welcomed by Suzong.[14]Suzong Sect in the next yearCui Hongsi、Zheng WenGo to the Song Dynasty to thank you and enter the Fangwu.
While strengthening the diplomatic ties with the Song Dynasty, Suzong did not neglect the Liao DynastyBig deal。In October of the sixth year of Shouchang (1100) in the Liao Dynasty, the crown prince was conferredWang MinamataIt is a three Korean public.In the first month of the following year, Liao Daozong died, and his grandsonYelu YanxiSuccession to the throne was for Emperor Liao Tianzuo, and Suzong changed its name from "Xi" to "Yong" to avoid suspicion.In April of the fourth year of Qiantong (1104), Emperor Tianzuo sent envoy Jia Ce Suzong to serve the country faithfullyKaifu Yitong Third Division, Shou Lieutenant and Lieutenant, Shangzhu State, the King of Korea, 7000 households in Shiyi, 700 households in Shishifeng, and at the same time, the crown prince was added.
Internal governance
Haidong Tongbao
When Suzong was in power, he rejected the Li family in Renzhou and other foreign relatives, and began to strengthen the royal power. At the same time, the Song Dynasty flaunted“follow”The impact of the implementation of the new law spread to Korea, so that Suzong also implemented the new law in Korea, trying to make a difference.The first is to build Nanjing. Wenzong was already in Yangzhou (today's South KoreaSeoul）Nanjing was set up in name only.After Suzong ascended the throne, Wei Wei Cheng TongzhengGolden PredicateBasis《MeterSecret Records, "the three capitals of Korea", advocates to find soil in Yangzhoumu at the foot of the Triangle Mountain to build Nanjing,Japanese officialsWen Xiang echoed this statement.[15]So in the autumn of the fifth year of Shouchang (1099), Suzong led the officials of Princess Yuanzi and Zaishu and Youshi Monk TongYitian(Dajue Guoshi) went to Yangzhou to investigate geomantic omen in person. In September of the first year of Qiantong (1101), he set up Nanjing Pioneering Capital Supervisor and orderedCui Siwa、Yin GuanIn May of the fourth year of Qiantong's reign (1104), the Nanjing Palace was finally completed. So Suzong visited Nanjing in the autumn of. It is said that Suzong managed Nanjing to "move the capital" here[16]However, due to his death, Nanjing became the capital of the Korean Dynasty.
Next is castingcurrency，Gaoli ChengzongIron coins were once used and were soon abolished.In the period of Suzong, the younger brother of Suzong, Youshi Monk TongYitianPut forward the idea of five benefits of money making and strongly advocate money making[17], in additionYin GuanIt also supports casting money.[18]In December of the third year of Shouchang (1097), Suzong officially ordered to cast coins[19], and set up a money casting supervisor to take charge of this matter.In the same year, silver bottles (commonly known as kuokou) were used as the main currency[20]In December of the second year of Qiantong (1102)Drum castingThe method of forging 15000 copper coins is called“Haidong Tongbao”, as token[21], and then successively castHaidong Treasure、San Han ChongbaoEtc.Although Suzong's coinage caused opposition from many ministers[18][22]The circulation degree is also quite limited, but after all, it is the beginning of Korea's official use of coins, which brokeBarterSuzong solemnly announced the monopoly pattern ofthe ancestral shrine。Suzong's coinage not only promoted the domestic commercial circulation and the development of Korean economy, but also strengthened the central control over the local government from the financial aspect, thus consolidating the royal power.
In addition, Suzong was also in Xijing in the second year of Qiantong (1102)PyongyangFindJizi Mausoleum, and set up a temple for sacrifice, this is the Korean sacrificeDustpanThe beginning.[23]In the fifth year of Qiantong (1105), Daluo County was set up, markingTamna Officially incorporated into the territory of Korea.[24]
When Suzong was in power, it was positiveJurchenPerfection DepartmentThe rise and gradual unification of the various departments of Jurchen.Wanyan Department has lived in Korea before and has special feelings for Korea, so Wanyan Department ChiefWanyanyinggeng(Jin Muzong) sent envoys to Gaolitong many times[25]；Suzong heard that Wanyan Department was becoming stronger and stronger, and also maintained friendly exchanges with it.[26]But at the same time, we should pay close attention to the situation in the north and be alert to the rise of Jurchen.[27]At that time, the power of Wanyan Branch expanded to the southLaodianRegion (now the northeast of KoreaHamgyong Area), annexation of manyEast JurchenThe tribe, which borders Korea, is certainly not popular with Korea.In the second year of Qiantong (1102), Nuzhen people settled in Dingzhou, Korea (today's KoreaXianjing South RoadDingping County）Outside the border, Korea suspected that it wanted to invade the border, so that the next year it could lure its chiefs Xu Zhen, Luo Fu and others to torture. It was found that Nuzhen people planned to invade Korea, so they detained them. At the same time, Li Risu and other people proposed to annex the Jurchen area. Nuzhen people from the five water areas of Holazy Land also came to Korea one after another. Fourteen Nuzhen chiefs（Group practice envoy）Captured.at that timePerfect Beauty Wuya Bundle(Jin Kangzong) Inherited the Chief of Wanyan Department（governor of one or more provinces）In his position, Shi Shihuan was sent to manage Hoglandian and attacked the Korean border. Suzong sent Lin Gan to attack Nvzhen, who was beaten to pieces by Shi Shihuan. Nvzhen took advantage of the victory and attacked Xuande Pass in Dingzhou, killing and looting countless people.After hearing this, SuzongYin GuanIn place of Lin Gan, the women who sent troops really got away with shame. Although they achieved more than 30 levels of decapitation, Korea suffered more losses, "trapped more than half of the dead and wounded".Suzong had to send envoys to seek peace and delimit the border, which was the fourth year of Qiantong (1104).[28-29]
After two defeats, Korea was forced to enter into an alliance with Wanyan Nvzhen under the city. Su Zong was naturally unwilling, and regarded it as a great disgrace. He swore angrily to the gods of heaven and earth, saying, "I would like to use Yin to help sweep away the bandits, and still allow the place to create Buddhism!"Yin GuanLearn from the bitter experience, and analyze the reason for the defeat as "the thief rides on our own foot and is invincible". It is suggested to strengthen the construction of cavalry to deal with itJurchen 。At his suggestion, Suzong set up the "Biewu Class" in December of the fourth year of Qiantong (1104), and recruited soldiers and horses on a large scale. It was divided into divine cavalry (cavalry), divine foot (infantry), and demon subduing (monk soldiers), and trained all day long.[30]In addition to the purpose of revenge and territory expansion, Suzong also intended to integrate society and strengthen the royal power through national mobilization (the attempted rebellion of General Gao Wengai, Zhang Hongzhan, Li Gongji and General Jin Zizhen occurred last year, which can be seen as the instability of Suzong's regime).[31]
Suzong had not yet waited for the "Don't Fight Class" to show his skills. He fell ill during his tour of Xijing. When he returnedKaijingSuzong Hong died at midnight on the second day of October in the fifth year of Qiantong's reign (1105) when his imperial chariot went outside the Changping Gate in Kaijing.after deathTemple nameSuzong,Posthumous titleMing Xiao, the posthumous title of Emperor Zhengming Xiao of Wen Huikang in later dynasties, was buried in the Yingling Mausoleum.[32]
Anecdotes and allusions
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Cloud on account
In the eighth year of Da'an (1092), he was also the Korean suzong retinue of Jilin DukeKorea XuanzongOn the way to Xijing, a piece of purple cloud came up to his tent. People looking at the air thought it was the king's symbol.[33]
Stingy and good money
《History of the Song Dynasty》It is recorded that "people are greedy and stingy, like to take profits from merchants, the rich break the law, and are always trying to redeem themselves for a long time, even though they have committed minor crimes, they also lose a few pounds of silver".[34]This record is probably from the deputy envoy of the Song Dynasty in Korea since the third year of Qiantong (1103)Wu Shi"Ji Lin Ji" or "Shu Shu Guan"Wang YunOf《Jilinzhi》。In the remnant of the Jilin Annals, it is also recorded that the Emperor Suzong of Korea was greedy for profits and money: "The King of Korea paid debts and collected interest in the country. Taoist Chen once entered his country as a businessman. Today, he used official slaves to ask for interest, so that when the day came, he could receive silk. Those with good looks would receive twice as much as those with good looks. If he had a son, he would also be a slave.".[35]
Main works
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Suzong is good at literature《Goryeosa 》There are records of many poems written by him, such as "Poems of Celebration and Praise", "Poems of Banning Pavilion and Appreciating Flowers", "Poems of Xinghong Guarding the Temple", "Poems of Feeling of Returning from Riyue Temple", "Poems of Youmei Pavilion", "Poems of Titling Yongming Temple", "Titles ofFubi BuildingPoems, Poems on Nine Ladder Palace, Poems on Visiting Haojing (Xijing) South River to Have a Feast in Autumn, Poems on Double Ninth Festival, Poems on Xinghongfu Temple, etc., but the contents of the poems are not recorded, except for the remnant sentence, "Lotus Palace pays a visit before the wish, and prays for the rain when it comes to the heart".[36]
The Song Jing Guang Kao includes a poem by Suzong, "Poems about Tour of Xuanhua Temple", which includes:
The myriad opportunities gather together and the sun shines, but the eminent monk is envied to sleep in brown.
The top of the broken gold pine is used as the moon sill, and the spring steps down outside the jade chung flowers.
The auspicious clouds cover Ran and know where to go. The flowing water returns to another day.
A little world of mortals cannot be reached, but I will hang Xiana on my shoulders.[37]
Married to King Kangbo of Jin Dynasty, the grandson of Korean Wenzong and the son of Duke Yu of Chenhan, with the posthumous title of Zhen Jian (also called Zhuang Jian)
Historical evaluation
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Li Qixian: todynastic title of Liu BangKnowing people is always called Huidi Rouren, andZhao Wang RuyiLike me, I often wanted to change the crown prince, but I didn't know that the end of the acting king was the prince of Taiping, and I was granted the border county. However, the acting king avoided the misfortune of the Lv family, so I didn't have any favor;Tang TaizongIt is a pity that a man of virtue, who does not decide on a successor, uses a blind child to kill his grandson.In the four hundred years of the Han Dynasty, all those who came to the world were descendants of filial piety;In the three hundred years of the Tang Dynasty, since the reign of Emperor Zhong, Rui, Zhao, Ai, and also after the Great Emperor.In this view, heaven is not human.I studied the 19 sons in this article, and I hope that King Su will be promoted again in the year of the decision. But King Su will be ruled by the vassal lord Shao. He will be wise to calm the chaos. He will be benevolent to the bottom. He will have children like grandchildren, and he will be able to control the class. He will continue to inherit. So is it not heaven that King Su has been ruled for more than 400 years now?Although, it is said that“No one knows a son better than his father.”That is to say, the textual research![39]
《Goryeosa 》: Young and intelligent, and long, dutiful, industrious, and resolute.[40]
《Dongguo Tongjian》: ① At that time, Su Zong was called a good writer, and his good writing was also good. How could he play with his heart at the end of the chapter and sentence, and just sing poems with his officials?The way to be honest in poverty, to govern the country and to help the world, is muddleheaded. ②Su Zong's refusal to kill the Taoist priest made the people angry.[41]
Commemoration for future generations
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Suzong Yingling
On August 19, 2017,North KoreaAnnounced the discovery of the Yingling Tomb of Korea Suzong, located inKaichengThe low hillside 3 kilometers west of Xianji.The mausoleum is 29 meters long from north to south and 13 meters wide from east to west.The Yingling Tomb can be divided into three areas according to the four abutments placed in the east-west direction.The first area in the north has a tomb chamber, a tomb base, and a curved wall. The second and third areas have civil and military officials who are symmetrically separated from the east and the westShi Xiangsheng。The tomb is made of polished blocksGraniteIt is 3 meters long from north to south, 1.2 meters wide from east to west, and 1.6 meters high. It is a semi underground structure.During the excavation, a number of objects that can reflect the nature and characteristics of the royal tombs were unearthed, such as pieces of gold plated wooden coffins, bronze spoon handles of the Korean period, and tiles with dragon and phoenix patterns.[38]
