Wang Xizhi (321~379 or 303~361), with few words, is known as the King's Right Army.[18]Langxie (today's Linyi City, Shandong Province), later migratedKuaiji Shanyin(Now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province).Eastern Jin DynastyMinister of the time, litterateur, calligrapher.Huainan Prefecture ChiefWang KuangSon of.[20]
Wang Xizhi came from a noble familyLangya Wang Family。At the age of seven, I learned books, and at the age of twelve, I read the previous essays.Learn lessWei ShuoLater, I crossed the river to the north and visited famous mountains. I saw the writings of Li Si, Cao Xi and other famous scholars, and I also saw them in LuoyangCai YongThe three body script of the Stone Sutra and Zhang Chang's "Hua Yue Stele" began to realize their shortcomings.So he learned many steles and made great progress in calligraphy, creating a new style of beauty and convenienceCursive scriptPush to a new level.[21]Wang Xizhi became an official at the age of 23. He first served as Secretary Lang, and then as Chang Shi, General Ningyuan, Governor of Jiangzhou, General of the Right Army, and Internal History of Kuaiji.In the 11th year of Yonghe (355), he resigned from Kuaiji County on the pretext of illness.After that, you can indulge in the scenery and enjoy fishing.[19]
In 361, the fifth year of Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi died of illness at the age of 58.Its sonWang XianzhiAmong the descendants, he made the greatest achievements in calligraphy, and was as famous as his father Wang Xizhi, known as the "Two Kings".
Wang Xizhi's most outstanding achievement in his life was the art of calligraphy, which was respected by people both before and after his death“calligraphic prodigy”Reputation.Wang Xizhi was not only proficient in all aspects of calligraphy, but also able to create his own unique style of Wang School calligraphy.The calligraphy written by Wang Xizhi is most famous in regular script such as Huangting Jing, Leyi Lun, semi cursive script such as Qingtie in the Fast Snow, Funny Tie, and cursive script such as Seventeen Tie《Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection》It is also known as "the best running script in the world". It is not only a famous calligraphy work, but also a well-known beautiful prose.[22]
Wang Xizhi was born in a famous family in the Wei and Jin DynastiesLangya Wang Family, YesWang KuangHis second son, his hometown is Nanrenli, Duxiang, Linyi County, Langya State.It is generally accepted that Wang Xizhi was born in the second year of Tai'an (303) of Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty.As a child, he lived in Kaiyang County.When Wang Xizhi was born“Rebellion of the Eight Kings”，Western Jin DynastyThe dynasty was in danger, and his father Wang Kuang suggested that King LangyaSima Ruimove south.
When Wang Xizhi was five years old, includingLangya Wang FamilyThe famous families in theSima RuiCrossing the river is known as "Crossing the South in Clothes" in history.When Langya Wang first came to Jianye, they lived in Wuyi Lane.
In Wang Xizhi's youth, there was no data to test.In the third year of Yongjia (309), Wang Kuang led the army to save Huguan. After the defeat of the whole army, his whereabouts were unknown.Wang Xizhi was seven years old that year. In the days of construction, "mother and brother Ju Yu became more and more common".He loved calligraphy when he was youngWang Kuang, UncleWang XuanEnlightenment.From my auntMrs WeiStudy books.[13]
be a worthy son-in-law of sb.
In the third year of Jianxing (315), Zhou Yi, the uncle of Wang Xizhi's elder sister-in-law, hosted a banquet. Wang Xizhi accompanied his uncle to the banquet.As a junior, he naturally accompanies the last.Zhou Yi was a famous person of a famous family. He was the right long history of Sima Rui at that time. He was an expert in character evaluation at that time. The value of the characters who were affirmed by him was multiplied.He dines, and all men of virtue come to him.At the banquet, we served a famous Luojing dish "beef heart grill".To eat this dish, the host should first pay homage to the most important guests on the table as a rule.At that time, Zhou Yi, contrary to common sense, ignored the existence of the powerful people in the hall and sent the dishes to Wang Xizhi, the last one.At that time, all the distinguished guests in the hall were surprised when they saw that it was a teenager who had received this honor and asked if he was the son of Wang Kuang, who had been forgotten for a long time.When he was young, Wang Xizhi was not good at words, so he did not receive too much attention from adults in his family.By doing so, Zhou Yi not only made Wang Xizhi, who had always lived at home and seldom socialized with celebrities, famous from then on, but also brought this Wang's descendant in law, who was 13 years old that year.[13]
Jin Ming EmperorIn August of the first year of Taining (323), Emperor Ming issued an imperial edictChi JianReturn to Korea.Chi Jian went to Gu Shu and wasWang DunArrest, and finally return to Jiankang.When Xi Jiangang arrived at Jiankang, he plotted against Wang Dun with the Ming Emperor.When Xi Jian was about to denounce Wang Dun, he chose a son-in-law from Wang's sons.Wang Xizhi was chosen instead.That year, Wang Xizhi was 20 years old.His wife Xi Xuan's age is unknown.Whether they got married that year is untested.[2][13]
Embark on an official career
Half figure of Wang Xizhi[17]
Around the third year of Taining (325), Wang Xizhi was promoted by his uncle Wang Bin and his father-in-law Xi Jian.Although the secretary Lang is not good, he is very idle.Wang Xizhi lived a quiet life and continued to study calligraphy with more time.The secretary province has collected the handwriting of Zhong You, Hu Zhao, Zhang Zhi, Suo Jing, Wei Sheng, Huang Xiang, and other famous calligraphers of the previous and current dynasties, and Wang Xizhi was able to enjoy and copy these treasures.At the same time, he also competed with the children of his own family and other big families in calligraphy.
In the fourth year of Xianhe's reign (329), after the rebellion of Su Jun was pacified, Wang Xizhi was moved by his secretary, Lang, to meet Wang You in Kuaiji because of Xi Jian and Wang Bin.Wang You and Secretary Lang are both six rank officials. They are mainly in the palace to accompany the banquet and meet guests, and to accompany the young king to study.
Before and after the fourth year of Xianhe (329), Wang Xizhi was the prefect of Linchuan.There are few people living in remote areas near Sichuan, far away from the two sides of the Yangtze River where there are frequent wars, and life is relatively calm.Wang Xizhi took his mother and wife to the post together.He made great efforts to clean up the accumulated shortcomings, sought for people's privacy, and asked for orders for the people, which made him famous.
In the ninth year of Xianhe, Emperor Cheng of the Jin Dynasty (334), Yu Liang paid homage to the general of the west expedition. After Wang Xizhi's mourning period expired, he carefully considered entering the Yuliang shogunate to join the army for the west expedition.
In February of the second year of Xiankang (336), uncle Wang Bin died in Jiankang.Wang Xizhi asked for leave to attend funeral affairs.Meanwhile, he led his wife to visit Xi Jian in Guangling.Xi Jian talked with him about the disagreement between Yu Liang and Wang Dao. From the perspective of stabilizing the overall situation, he hoped Xizhi would try to dredge it and reduce their hostility.Before returning to Wuchang, Wang advised Xizhi to return to Jiankang and proposed to recommend him as a servant. Wang Xizhi refused again and returned to the Wuchang shogunate alone.
In May and June of the eighth year of Xiankang's reign (342), Wang Xizhi took over the post of governor of Jiangzhou and promoted the military position of general Ningyuan.There are many opinions about Wang Xizhi's appointment as the governor of Jiangzhou, but it is a consensus that his term of office is very short, or he just "moved but did not bow down" and did not take office at all.
In the seventh year of Yonghe (351), Wang Shu, the former Kuaiji internal history, lost his mother and resigned because of Ding Qian. Wang Xizhi was ordered to be the general of the Right Army and the internal history of Kuaiji.[13]
Meet at Orchid Pavilion
In the ninth year of Yonghe (353), on the third day of the third lunar month, Wang XizhiheXie An、Sun ChuoWaiting for 42 people in Kuaiji Shanyin (today's Zhejiang ProvinceShaoxing City）Orchid Pavilionhold a purification ceremony(A kind of activity to cure diseases and misfortunes) When people drink, they compose poems.In the end, 26 people left the poem "Orchid Pavilion", and Wang Xizhi wrote one four character poem and one five character poem respectively.The Orchid Pavilion poems of all people were collected into a poetry collection, and Wang Xizhi improvised a preface to this poetry collection, describing the elegant gathering of literati at that time.This is famous《Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection》。[13][16]
Abandon officials by calling them ill
In the 11th year of Yonghe (355 years), Wang Xizhi adopted a surprising practice and swore before his parents' tomb that he would never be an official again.In March, he called himself ill and abandoned his official position and resigned from the internal history of Kuaiji.[14]Wang Xizhi's resignation had no precedent in the Langye Wang family, and it also caused great shock in the imperial court.temporaryElderlyScholars and commoners comforted one after another, but Xizhi was determined.Later, someone mentioned that he went out of the mountain again. "The court swore to be bitter, and will not be offended again.".Wang Xizhi said goodbye to his official career.[13]
After resigning from office, Wang Xizhi "moved from Wuxi to Jinting, Shaoxing, with his son Wang Caozhi. He built a library, planted mulberry fruits, taught his children, wrote poems, painted calligraphy, and entertained himself by flying geese and fishing", and "Siam visited the eastern and central prefectures, impoverished the famous mountains, and traveled across the sea".He andXu Enquiry、Zhi DunThey began to travel all over the mountains and waters of Yandi, and reached Linhai County (which is located in the southeast of today's Linhai County, Zhejiang Province) at the farthest.He may have visited Yongjia County (the county is located in the north of Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province today), where there are still many places of interest related to Wang Xizhi.Wang Xizhi was so intoxicated that he often sighed, "I should die with joy" (The Book of Jin · Biography of Wang Xizhi).In the following years, Wang Xizhi lived a reclusive life of planting mulberry trees and cultivating his children and grandchildren.[13]
After Wang Xizhi settled in Jinting, calligraphy rose.His descendants are good at painting and calligraphy, and their works are hung in halls and study, known as "Huayuan Painting Hall".Later generations named the village "Huatang", which has been known since then.
According to the Jinting Wang's Genealogy in Shengzhou today, Wang Xizhi moved to Shanxian County in his later years after the 11th year of Yonghe's reign in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (355 years).Unfortunately, Wang Xizhi's granddaughter, a four year old daughter, died prematurely. Less than ten days later, Yurun, the new daughter of the official slave, died one after another.Wang Xizhi felt extremely sad.[13]
Although Wang Xizhi was quite satisfied with his reclusive and leisurely life, he had no choice but to leave office.After he had to resign, he still paid more attention to national affairs and the advance and retreat of courtiers, which was unforgettable.In the second year of Shengping in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (358), Xie Wan was appointed as the general of Xizhonglang, the overseer, the governor of Henan, the governor of Hebei and the military of the four states, and the governor of Yuzhou.Wang Xizhi understood that Xie Wan was not a talent of generals, so he contactedHuanwenOne note.He also wrote directly to Xie Wan and told him that Xie Wan should share weal and woe with the army and the army and should not pay too much attention to personal life enjoyment.However, Xie Wan failed to listen to Wang Xizhi's advice and was eventually dismissed as a commoner.[13]
About the fourth year of Shengping (360 years), Wang Xizhi proposed to Xi Daomao, the daughter of Xi Tan, for his youngest son Wang Xianzhi.One post expressed his intention to propose to Chi Tan.[13]
In the fifth year of Shengping (361), Wang Xizhi died in Jinting, Kuaiji (today's Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), and was buried in Jinting Waterfall Hill (also known as Wisteria Hill). His fifth Sun Heng's house wasJinting TempleThe site still exists.During the Liang Datong period of the Southern Dynasty (535-546), the successor Sun built a temple in front of the tomb.[3]
Main impacts
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Calligraphy attainments
most famous early calligrapher
Wang Xizhi was good at calligraphy at the age of seven, and stole from his father's pillow at the age of twelve to read the previous generation's "On Brush".His father, Wang Kuang, was kind and official;Uncle Wang Xuan is good at calligraphy and painting,Wang Sengqian"On the Book" once commented that "since he crossed the Jiangdong River, before the Right Army, the only one who was the most famous was Yu, who was painted as a teacher of the Emperor of Jin and Ming, and whose calligraphy was the right army method." Wang Xizhi was deeply influenced by the calligraphy of the Wang family from his childhood.
In his early years, Wang Xizhi followed his auntWei ShuoStudy books.Wei Shuo, who learned from Zhong You, passed on his skills skillfully.She taught Wang Xizhi Zhong Youzhi's method, Wei's method of learning books for many generations, and her own calligraphy style and method.The Book Review of the Tang Dynasty said: "Madame Wei's book is like a flower arranging dancer, low and beautiful. It is also like a beautiful woman on the stage, fairy maidens taking pictures, red lotus reflecting water, green marsh floating clouds."Shen YinmoAnalysis said:"Xizhi learned calligraphy from Madame Wei, and was naturally influenced by her. He followed the Zhong method and became a charming habit. Later, he studied the ancient traces of Zhuan, Li and Chun since the Qin and Han Dynasties, which was different from the new style of Zhong method passed on by Madame Wei, so he was dissatisfied with the teacher's biography. This is the same understandable thing that later generations started with calligraphy. Once they saw the tablet and became interested in it, they wanted to change their study.It can be realized that Xizhi's charming style and inexhaustible changes in antiquity have deep roots. "(A glimpse of the Two Wangs' Dharma Book)
Wang Xizhi is good at turning over many teachers. When he broke away from Madame Wei's calligraphy barrier, he was in a new historical level.He once told himself about this historical turning point: "Xizhi's learning less from Madame Wei will be called great power; he will travel north across the river to visit famous mountains, and see Li Si, Cao Xi and other books; he promised to see Zhong Jue, Liang Hu and Luo Xia, and seeCai YongThe Stone Sutra in three styles;When I saw Zhang Chang's "Hua Yue Stele" from my brother, I learned to learn from Madame Wei's book, and I spent years and years listening to herSo I changed my teacher and still learned from many steles. "From this passage, we can see Wang Xizhi's experience and intention of constantly expanding his vision, learning widely, exploring the source and understanding.
Wang Xizhi is ambitious and creative.Teacher learningZhong You, self melting.Zhong Shushang turns over the real book, and the real book also has its own tendency. The pen is still extended outside, and there is a tendency of birds flying. It is called Zhong Jiafalcon's tail wave.Wang Xizhi is fond of hand chasing, but it is easy to turn it into a song and subtract the potential.The pen is still inside, but it can be turned without folding. The so-called Right Army is "close to the ground".He learnsZhang ZhiIt is also a creation of its own.Zhang Huaigeng in the Tang Dynasty《Book fragments》It points out that "the analysis of Zhang Zhi's cursive script, and the compromise between thick and thin, is not worthy of its sophistication; although Zhong Junzhi's clerical script is used to enhance the beauty, it is not elegant enough, and to study the fine body posture, it is all work." Wang Xizhi "analyzes" and "compromises" Zhang Zhi's cursive script, and "uses" Zhong You's clerical script, and can "study the fine body posture" for both calligraphy masters.Shen Yinmo said that Yang Dao: Wang Xizhi did not dish mud at the feet of his predecessors, but painted gourds in the same way. Instead, he wanted to use his own heart and hands to make the ancients serve me, not mud in the past, not back to the present.He integrated all the different strokes of Qin and Han Dynasty seal script and clerical script obtained from the Expo into the true cursive style, thus forming the best posture of his time, bringing forth the new through the old, and opening up a new world for future generations.This is the reason why Wang Xizhi is highly praised for his "bringing together all the laws and making a family".
Wang Xizhi's《Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection》It is admired by calligraphers of all ages.This post is a draft, 28 lines, 324 words.At that time, the author was extremely advantageous in time, location, people and effect, and it is said that later writing can no longer be caught.Among them, there are more than twenty "Zhi" characters, which are written in different ways.Song dynastyMi FuIt is called "the best semi cursive script in the world".Wang Xizhi was also good at clerical, cursive, regular script, and walking. He studied his physique carefully, followed his heart and followed his hand, widely picked up many talents, prepared various styles, and refined them in one furnace. He broke away from the style of writing in the Han and Wei Dynasties, and became his own, having far-reaching influence.His calligraphy is gentle and natural, with gentle and implicit strokes, elegant, healthy and beautiful, which is commonly used by the worldCao ZhiOf《On the Goddess of Luo River》Chinese: "It is as graceful as a dragon, as graceful as a startled swan, as glorious as autumn chrysanthemums, and as luxuriant as spring pines. It seems as if the moon is covered by light clouds, and as if the wind is flowing back to snow." This sentence praises the beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy.It is said that Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy hard when he was a child. After a long time, the pond water used to clean the brush became black.Later generations commented that: "floating like clouds, posing like a startled dragon", "dragon leaps at the gate of heaven, tiger lies in the phoenix tower", "nature is natural, and abundant gods cover generations”。The most obvious characteristics of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style are his delicate brushwork and changeable structure.
Later influence
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy influenced his descendants.His son is good at cursive writing;Coagulation, grass and cleric;Emblem, good cursive;Be good at correct running script;Huanzhi, good cursive writing;It is called "Little Saint".Huang Bosi's East View Xu Lun said: "The four sub scripts of Wang's Ning, Cao, Hui and Huan have been handed down together with Zi Jing's calligraphy. They all have their own family style, but their bodies are different. The four sub scripts of Wang's Ning, Cao, Hui and Huan have their own rhyme, their body, their power, their appearance, and their source." Later generations continued to pass on Wang's calligraphy.Wu Zetian tried Wang Xizhi's book, and Wang Fangqing, the ninth great grandson of Wang Xizhi, submitted ten calligraphies of twenty-eight people from the eleventh generation of ancestors to the great grandfather, which were collected in his family, and compiled them into "Ten thousand year old Tongtian Calligraphy".Monk Qian, Wang Ci and Wang Zhi, the king of Qi in the Southern Dynasty, were all descendants of the royal family, and there were legal records recorded.Shi Zhiyong, the seventh grandson of Xizhi, passed on his family skills skillfully and was a famous calligrapher in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.In the post war chaos, his family tree was lost, and later generations were distributed in Shenyang, Helen and other places.It is now known that Wang Qingkai, Wang Xiaodan and others will follow him.
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has influenced the calligraphy of generations.The establishment of Wang Xizhi's status as a calligrapher has its evolution process.Yu He, a calligrapher in the early Song and Tai dynasties of the Southern Dynasty, said in his book Lunshubiao: "In the Han and Wei dynasties, Zhong (Yao) and Zhang (Zhi) were good at beauty, and the two kings in the late Jin Dynasty were called heroes." The right army's book was famous at that time, while Wang Xianzhi was the highest calligrapher in the Song and Qi dynasties.Xianzhi learned calligraphy from her father. She was very talented and quick to innovate. She turned to Zhang Zhi and created a cursive script that linked up and down. Meiyan even surpassed her father. She became a saint in poverty and was called "Two Kings" with her father.In the book "On Book Revelation with Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty" written by Liang Tao Hongjing of the Southern Dynasty, it said: "Compared with the world, all people respect children's books", "The only thing in the world is not to know that there is Yuan Chang, but also in leisure.".The reason that changed this situation was that Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty, Xiao Yan, praised Wang Xizhi highly.He changed his calligraphy degree from "Wang Xianzhi - Wang Xizhi - Zhong You" to "Zhong You - Wang Xizhi - Wang Xianzhi".Xiao Yan's position made his comments have special appeal, so the public opinion was settled.
The first climax of learning from Wang Xizhi in history was in the Southern Liang Dynasty, and the second was in the Tang Dynasty.Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty highly respected Wang Xizhi, not only widely collected Wang's books, but also personally《Book of Jin · Biography of Wang Xizhi》When writing a eulogy, Zhong You was criticized for his "perfection, or doubt", and his "calligraphy disease". Other calligraphers, such as Ziyun, Wang Meng, and Xu Yan, were all said to be "over praised".By comparison, Tang Taizong believed that the Right Army was "perfect", "it was just a man who was eager to chase him, and what about the rest"!From then on, Wang Xizhi's supreme position in the history of calligraphy was established and consolidated.Scholars in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties respected the "two kings" of the Jin Clan.Tang DynastyOuyang Xun、Yu Shinan、Chu Suiliang、Xue Ji, andlearned scholar、Liu Gongquan, Five generationYang Ning type, Song DynastySu Shi、Huang Tingjian, Mi FuCai Xiang, Yuan DynastyZhao Mengfu, Ming DynastyDong QichangThese famous calligraphers of all dynasties converted to Wang Xizhi, so he enjoys the reputation of "Sage of Calligraphy".In Qing Dynasty, Wang Xizhi's position as a calligrapher was still unshakable, although the scope of calligraphy was broken by the stele study.Although the "Sage of Calligraphy" and the "Emperor of Ink" are suspected of being "holy", all generations of famous scholars and giants, through comparison and speculation, are convinced and highly praised.
Character evaluation
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most famous early calligrapher
Yu Yi"I used to have ten pages of Boying's Zhang and Cao, but I was in trouble when I crossed the river, so I was lost. I often sighed that my wonderful trace would never be seen again. Suddenly I saw that I was answering my brother's letter, and I felt as if I were a god, and then I returned to the old view."[8]
Xiao Yan: ① "Zi Jing is not as easy as he is easy, just as he is not as easy as Yuan Chang." ② "Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is as powerful and elegant as a dragon leaping at the gate of heaven, and a tiger lying in the phoenix tower. Therefore, it is a treasure of all ages and will always be regarded as a motto."[8]
Tang Taizong: "You are just chasing after him. What about the rest?"[8]
Yu He"The book of Xizhi says: 'When I look for famous books, Zhong and Zhang Xin are peerless, and the rest are not enough.' It also says: 'My book is better than Zhong and Zhang Dang, and Zhang Cao is like a wild goose in flight.'"[9]
Sun Guoting"Yuan Chang (Zhong You) specializes in clerical script, and Boying (Zhang Zhi) is particularly good at cursive script. They are both beautiful and less elegant."[10]
Mi Fu"Thank you for comforting me and asking about the post. The word Qing Gu is above the two kings. It is appropriate to criticize Zi for respecting the post."[11]
Wang Jinyu"A model of harmony and unity of the People's Art Theatre."[12]
Li Zhimin: "Wang Xianzhi and his father, Wang Xizhi, have made great achievements in the modern grass. They have a high rhyme and deep feeling, and have been obedient for hundreds of generations."[15]
Anecdotes and allusions
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a handsome son-in-law
Xi Jian has a daughter, who is twenty or eight years old, has a good appearance, and has not yet married. Xi Jian loves her daughter, so she is the son of her daughter.He has a deep friendship with the Prime Minister Wang Dao, and is also an official in the same dynasty. It is said that there are many children in his family, all of whom are talented and good-looking.One day after the early imperial court, Xi Jian told Prime Minister Wang about his idea of choosing a husband.Prime Minister Wang said, "Well, there are a lot of children in my family, so you can go home and choose them. I agree with everyone you like, no matter who they are." So Xi Jian ordered his trusted housekeeper to bring heavy gifts to Prime Minister Wang's home.When the children of the prince's residence heard that Captain Chi had sent someone to find a husband, they all dressed up carefully and came out to meet him.After searching, one person was missing.The housekeeper of the prince's residence led the housekeeper of the Xi's residence to the study in the east crossing courtyard. He saw a young man lying on his stomach on the bed near the east wall, indifferent to the fact that the captain was looking for a husband.The steward of the Xi Mansion returned to the mansion and said to the Chief Constable Xi, "There are more than 20 young gentlemen in the prince's mansion. When he heard that the prince's mansion was looking for a husband, they all scrambled to get ahead of him. Only a young gentleman in the east bed was lying on his back as if nothing had happened." Xi Jian said, "This is the man I want to choose. Let's go and show me." When Xi Jian came to the palace, he saw that he was open-minded, elegant, talented and good-looking. He gave the betrothal gift on the spot,Chosen as the fast husband.This is how the saying of "a fast husband with an east bed" came about.[1]
penetrating
It is said that the emperor at that time would go to the northern suburbs to offer sacrifices, and asked Wang Xizhi to write the greetings on a board, and then send workers to carve.The engraver cut the board layer by layer, and found that Wang Xizhi's handwriting had been printed into the board.The carpenter marveled at Wang Xizhi's forceful brushwork. His calligraphy skills were superb, and his brushwork strength could reach three points.It is from this story that we can get the "penetrating points".[6]
Bamboo fan inscription
Bamboo fan inscription
It is said that once, Wang Xizhi's road crossed a bridge in Shanyin City (today's Shaoxing).A wife carried a basket of hexagonal bamboo fans to sell in the fair.That kind of bamboo fan is very simple, without any decoration, which can't attract passers-by's interest. It seems that it can't be sold. The old woman is very worried.When Wang Xizhi saw this situation, she was very sympathetic to the old woman, so she went up to her and said, "You can't sell the bamboo fan because you don't have any pictures or words on it. How about I write a word for you?" The old woman didn't know Wang Xizhi. Seeing that he was so enthusiastic, she handed him the bamboo fan to write.Wang Xizhi picked up his pen, wrote five words on each fan, and returned them to the old woman.The old woman was illiterate, and felt that he was very careless. She was very unhappy.Wang Xizhi comforted her and said, "Don't worry. Tell the person who bought the fan that it was written by Wang Youjun." As soon as Wang Xizhi left, the old woman did as he said.People in the collection rushed to buy Wang Youjun's calligraphy.A basket of bamboo fans will soon be sold out.
Book for Goose
Book for Goose
Wang Xizhi, the calligrapher, likes geese very much. He believes that raising geese can not only cultivate sentiment, but also learn some calligraphy theories from observing the movements of geese.Once when Wang Xizhi went out for a visit, he saw a group of beautiful white geese and wanted to buy them. When he asked, he knew that these geese were kept by a nearby Taoist. He found the Taoist and wanted to discuss with him about buying the geese. When the Taoist heard that the famous Wang Xizhi wanted to buy them, he said: "Only Wang Youjun can copy one for me."《The Scripture of Ethics》He gave him some geese, and Wang Xizhi readily agreed, which made the story of "book for white geese" come true.
Skillful Spring Couplet
Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher, writes Spring Festival couplets and posts them on the door every New Year's Eve.Because his name is called "the best semi cursive script in the world", many people want to get it and it is rare.Therefore, once his Spring Festival couplets were posted on New Year's Eve every year, they were stolen before midnight.This year, when the New Year's Eve came again, Wang Xizhi wrote the Spring Festival couplet with eight words, "There is no double blessing, and disaster never comes alone", leaving the second half.Those who want to steal couplets, seeing that these eight words are too unlucky, turn away from the scene.By Yinshi, Wang Xizhi had made up the second half of the couplets, and it turned into a saying: "There is no such thing as a pair of blessings. Disasters never come alone last night." Early the next morning, those who wanted to steal the couplets were amazed and applauded when they saw that the couplets had changed.
Words that cannot be avoided
Wang Xizhi's sons Xuanzhi, Ningzhi, Huizhi, Zhuzhi and Xianzhi;Sun Zizhen was quiet.Wang Xizhi's descendants do not hide from their families. There is a big secret herechief counsellor of Liu BangRelated secrets.Wang Xizhi's generation had 12 names with "Zhi", 22 nephews, 12 grandchildren, 13 great grandchildren, 9 great grandchildren, and 4 fifth grandchildreninternationally known sinologistIt is said that these people are not taboo because they are all members of the Tianshi Taoism. This "zhi" is a secret sign and badge.And Tianshi Zhang Ling, the eldest of the Tianshi Taoism, was the eighth grandson of Zhang Liang, who was a marquis.[7]
Taoist Love
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art has reached the height of "perfection".The cause of this is closely related to Wang Xizhi's belief in Taoism, the combination of books and Taoism.Taoism, a native of China, has produced Taoist symbols for a long time.When transcribing scriptures, they must be transcribed by scholars who are proficient in calligraphy. In the process of writing scriptures, they are unconsciously influenced by Taoist culture.Many Taoist scholars in history are famous calligraphers and painters. They cultivate their morality and cultivate their nature. They are not only proficient in Taoism, but also can splash ink and write.Wang Xizhi is a typical representative in this respect. He combined Taoist practice with calligraphy art, which brought out great artistic charm.Wang Xizhi's Taoism belief has a deep family background.The Wang family was the most representative cultural family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.From top to bottom, I believe in five measures of rice.According to The Book of Jin, Volume 80, Biography 50, the Wang family "has five bushels of rice in the world and is proficient in calligraphy."《Daojing》It records the story that Jin, the first ancestor of Wang Xizhi, yearned for the spiritual emptiness of immortals and walked freely in Tongbai Mountain (now Shengzhou Jinting), the 27th cave (one of the 36th cave in the Taoist world) at the north gate of Tiantai."Qian Fu Lun" records: "because the surname Wang, descendants, generations like to nurture nature, immortal skills
The authentic works of Wang Xizhi have long since disappeared, and the fine copies of the Tang Dynasty have always been regarded as authentic works.Because of its long history and long reputation, this post, like other ink writings of Wang Xizhi, has different inferences about the age of its copying.Some are called Song Copy, others are suspected to be Mi Fu's, and more are Tang Copy.It has a lot of descriptions and has been repeatedly engraved into various clusters of posts. The public and private seals and their circulation after the Yuan Dynasty are testable and reliable, and its value is self-evident.
Seventeen posters (This is the "Seventeen Elements Edition" of Song Tuo in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of America)
Commemoration for future generations
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Tomb site
Tomb of Wang Xizhi
The queen of Wang Xizhi resigned from office because of a disagreement with the cavalry general Wang Shu, and moved to Jinting. In his later years, he lived in Jinting and was buried here until his death.There is Jinting Temple, a family temple built by Wang's heirs in the Qing Dynasty. To the right of Jinting Temple, there is an ancient and unsophisticated stone archway with six characters "Wang Youjun's Grave Path" inscribed on the banner.Walking up the valley through the stone archway is an ancient tomb road made of indistinct pebbles, and Wang Xizhi's tomb is at the end.
Tomb of Wang XizhiIt is not big in itself. The system of the tomb isXie An's TombSimilarly, it is also a mound surrounded by bluestone strips, similar to Hangzhoutomb of yue fei。There is a large stele in front of the tomb, engraved《Orchid Pavilion Preface》In the full text, the stele body is somewhat weathered and mottled, and many local characters can only be vaguely identified.However, the scale of the related cemetery is quite large, which is surprising.
Former Residence
Former Residence of Wang Xizhi
There are two former residences of Wang Xizhi.One atLinyi CityLanshan DistrictNo. 20, Xiyanchi Street, is a classical garden style building, covering an area of about 5 mu. It is said that Wang Xizhi went to the pool to wash the inkstone after practising calligraphy hard in his childhood, and after a long time, the pool water became black, so people called it "Xiyanchi".
The other is located atZhejiang ProvinceShaoxing CityShengzhou CityJinting Town, 35 kilometers to the east.It was the former residence of Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (Wang Xizhi lived here in seclusion in his later years).Sun Wang Heng, the 13th generation, practiced in this house as a spectator, and was named Jinzhen Hall, later renamed Jinzhen Palace;In the 17th year of Yongchu in the Song Dynasty (440 years), Chu Boyu changed his name to Jinting Temple.
