The Wangs' Courtyard was built by the Jingsheng Wangs' family in the Ming and Qing dynasties over 300 years, including five alleys, six fortresses and one street, with a total area of 250000 square meters. It is also an architectural art museum with traditional cultural characteristics.It isNational key cultural relics protection unitsAnd 4A level scenic spots.[1-2]
In February 2020, in order to thank the medical workers who fought against COVID-19, the scenic spot will be open to medical staff free of charge from the date of reopening to December 31, 2020.[3]
Chinese name
The Wangs Courtyard
geographical position
Jing Sheng Ding Sheng Cun Wang Jia Da Yuan, Lingshi County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province[18]
The architectural pattern of the Wangs' courtyard inherits the courtyard style of the front hall and the back bedroom formed in the Western Zhou Dynasty of China, which not only provides enough space for external exchanges, but also meets the requirements of the internal privacy atmosphere. It achieves the rank, seniority, seniority, and inferiority. It is different from men and women inside and outside, and has a full range of living functions, fully reflecting the dignity of the official family and the regularity of the patriarchal system.
There are 35 courtyards and 342 houses in the Gaojiaya building complex. The main courtyard, Dunhou Residence and Ningruiju Residence, are three into quadrangles. In addition to the ancestral hall and the embroidery buildings on both sides, each courtyard has its own kitchen, home school, and shared academies of learning, flower, Changgong, and enclosure.The surrounding fortress walls are close, and the four gates are set at the right place.The large and small courtyards are a perfect match. There are 65 gates connecting from top to bottom, from left to right, and they are also independent.[4]
Courtyard features
The buildings of Hongmen Castle are both fortresses and cities, built along the mountain.From low to high, there are four courtyards arranged symmetrically from left to right, with a main road in the middle, forming a very regular "king" shape.At the same time, the shape of "dragon" is implied.The 88 courtyards in the castle have their own characteristics without any similarity.[4]
Scenic spots
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Gaojiaya Building Complex
Gaojiaya Building Complex
The Gaojiaya building complex was built by Wang Rucong and Wang Rucheng, the seventeenth grandson of Jingsheng Wang's family, from the first year of Jiaqing (1796) to the sixteenth year of Jiaqing (1811), covering an area of 19572 square meters.All buildings are built in strict accordance with the feudal hierarchy system. The exquisite brick, wood and stone decorations in the courtyard have a wide range of subjects and rich contents, which focus on the unique governance concept of the Wang family.[5]
Hongmenbao Building Complex
The building complex of Hongmenbao was built from the fourth year of Qianlong's reign (1739) to the fifty eighth year of Qianlong's reign (1793), with a total area of 25000 square meters.The whole building is built along the mountain, from low to high. It is composed of four rows of courtyards, symmetrical from left to right. The middle main lane and three cross lanes form a regular Wang character.The 29 courtyards present different styles in structure and decoration according to the different identities and preferences of the owners. The Chinese Wang Museum and Liqun Art Museum are located in Hongmen Castle.[6]
Sima Yard[6]
Sima Yard
Sima Courtyard is located in Erjia West Lane of Hongmenbao. It is the residence of Wang Yinde, the 16th grandson of the Wang family.The courtyard is characterized by three gates in one pass, and three gates lead to four courtyards.The themes of the four courtyards are different, namely, adding officials, promoting salary, increasing happiness, and increasing longevity.[6]
Green Gate Yard[6]
Green Gate Yard
The Green Gate Courtyard is located in the Sanjia East Lane of Hongmen Castle. It is the residence of the 16th Sun Zhongji.It is a typical northern quadrangle.The courtyard is luxuriantly decorated and exquisitely carved, especially the wooden hanging "Man Bed Wat" and the stone carving "Four Loves".[6]
Dingjia Garden[6]
Dingjia Garden
The garden shared by Hongmen Castle is the front garden and the back yard.There are four gardens in front of us, which are closely linked.The backyard environment is elegant.[6]
Xiaoyi Temple
Xiaoyi Temple
The smallest of the five ancestral halls of the Jingsheng Wang family was opened to the public in 1998.Located at the south slope of Gaojiaya and Hongmenbao, it is a key cultural relics protection unit in Jinzhong City.
Xiaoyi Temple is expanded on the basis of Xiaoyi Square.In the 45th year of Qianlong's reign (1780), Emperor Qianlong issued a decree to build a Xiaoyi Temple for Wang Mengpeng, the 15th grandson of the Wang family, in recognition of his filial piety and righteousness. The memorial archway was completed in the 51st year of Qianlong's reign, and was later expanded into a Xiaoyi Temple in the first year of Jiaqing's reign.The Ancestral Temple is located from north to south, divided into two courtyards on the upper floor and the lower floor, with a total area of 428 square meters.There are three main kilns on the first floor of the courtyard, which display the models of Jingsheng Wang's ancestral hall, Wang's tombs and the three-dimensional sculptures recording Wang Mengpeng's filial deeds and righteous deeds throughout his life.There are five main halls upstairs, which are the memorial tablets for ancestors. In front of them, there is a stage facing north. The top of the Xieshan Mountain has four cornices, and the plane is in the shape of "convex", which has the style of stage in the Yuan Dynasty.[7]
Zishou Temple
Zishou Temple
Suxi Village, located two kilometers west of the Wangjia Courtyard, was founded in the 11th year of Xiantong, Emperor Yizong of the Tang Dynasty (870 A.D.). It has a history of more than 1100 years. It has been expanded and repaired in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties to form a contemporary scale. The existing buildings are mainly in the Ming Dynasty.In 1986, it was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Shanxi Province and included in the Dictionary of Chinese Scenic Spots. In 2001, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.
The temple faces the south and is built near the mountain, with a total area of more than 17000 square meters. It is divided into three courtyards, with a total of 15 halls.It is famous for the murals of the Yuan Dynasty and the painted sculpture art of the Ming Dynasty, and it is famous overseas because of the loss of the heads of the Eighteen Arhats.As a thousand year old temple, the artistic achievements of Zishou Temple are mainly reflected in three aspects: first, murals.The murals in Zishou Temple not only have the traces of foreign art, but also have a strong local style, gathering a large number of murals with different characteristics in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties.Second, colored sculptures of the Ming Dynasty.There are more than 150 statues in Zishou Temple, of which the large ones are more than 3m long and the small ones are less than 10cm long. They are delicately portrayed in terms of expression, movement, clothing, and color.The third is the caisson of the Herbalist Buddha Hall.The decoration of the top of the Herbalist Hall is unique, especially the two groups of caissons in the middle, one large and one small, one square and one long.The big one is made of 256 groups of bucket arches, which are stacked up in four layers and shrunk, with gold plated Bagua Panlong carved in the middle;The small one is composed of 100 groups of dougong stacked in two layers, with two dragons playing with pearls in the middle.[8]
Jingsheng Confucian Temple
Jingsheng Confucian Temple
Jingsheng Confucian Temple is a provincial key cultural relics protection unit, which is located in the Wangjia Courtyard Scenic Area.Founded in the second year of the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Yuan Dynasty (1336 AD), it has a history of nearly 700 years and is a rural Confucian temple.
Although Jingsheng Confucian Temple is small in scale and only covers an area of 3500 square meters, it has a series of buildings, such as Lingxing Gate, Panchi, Zhuangyuan Bridge, Dacheng Gate, Dacheng Hall, Zunjin Pavilion, and is equipped with a two-sided hollow stone carving "carp leaping over the dragon gate" meridian wall known as "the best wall in the world".[9]
The buildings of the Wangs' Courtyard are characterized by "being exquisite rather than beautiful, novel and elegant rather than delicate and elegant".And it condenses the natural and simple, fresh and elegant, bright and simple local flavor.
The brick carvings, wood carvings and stone carvings in the Wangs' Courtyard are rich in themes and skillful in techniques. A large number of artistic forms recognized by secular concepts, such as symbols, metaphors, homonyms, and even taboos, are used. With the joint participation of scholars, painters, and sculptors, flowers, birds, fish, insects, rocks, water boats, allusions, legends, opera characters are carved into bricks, carved into stones, or carved into wood,It reflects the style of architectural decoration in the Qing Dynasty, integrating Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and traditional folk culture.[10]
The architectural decoration of the Wangs' Courtyard is the epitome of the "slim and dense" of the Qing Dynasty. The structural accessories are gorgeous, exquisite, elegant and elegant.For example, the wood carvings on the corridor, such as the bucket arch, architrave and Queti, the stone carvings on the pillar base and wall sills, and the couplets and plaques in the courtyards are of various forms and excellent workmanship, which reflect the architectural characteristics of the folk houses in the northern region of ancient China, which are "solid, practical and beautiful".[11]
Historical culture
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A brief history of the family
Lingshi Jingsheng Wang Family, originated in Taiyuan,Yuan RenzongDuring the Huangqing period (1312-1313), after the ancestors Wang Shi moved to Jingsheng Village, the Jingsheng Wang family began to cultivate and concurrently run the bean curd industry. From agriculture and business, from business to official, the family business grew larger, the family capital grew thicker, and the reputation grew higher. On this premise, it was a regular thing to build houses and houses later.The Wangs first built houses near the locust tree of the Zhangs in the west of the village. Later, they gradually expanded from west to east, from low to high, and built huge buildings such as "three alleys, four fortresses and five ancestral halls", with a total area of more than 150000 square meters.According to the Stele of the Origin of the Wang Family in Jingsheng Village, during the Qi Dynasty, some of the clansmen no longer focused on farming and reading, some did not continue to focus on business development, some were satisfied with one official position, some were happy in fine clothes and good food, and many people had neither the ambition to inherit their previous career nor the desire to stick to their roots, so some became thieves, beggars, or "villains" who were willing to sell their children and women.The Wang family entered the Qing Dynasty from the 13th generation.It flourished in KangxiQianlong、JiaqingYears.At that time, in addition to building houses, ancestral halls, tombs and shops and workshops, there were also charity schools, charity warehouses, bridges and roads, water and canals, and disaster relief and poverty relief.After the 18th century (Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty), it gradually declined.No one lives in the yard[12]
Scenery of Wang's Courtyard
Cultural Studies
Couplet plaque
The couplet plaque contains profound cultural connotation.For example, "Yingkui" and "Guixin" are looking forward to the success of scientific research and outstanding achievements of their descendants;"Look at me" and "look at your shoes" are warnings to regulate your behavior at all times;"Seeing the clouds on the day" shows the glory of visiting the emperor.As a symbol of culture, the couplets and plaques make the Wangs who made their fortune through business have a certain taste, and imperceptibly influence generations of descendants to transform themselves, learn etiquette and observe the system, follow the instructions of the ancestors, guide them to make a difference on a given road, and constantly promote the prosperity of the family.[13]
Treasures
1、 Imperial edict: This is a imperial edict issued to the royal family by the descendants of the royal family during the Jiaqing period after several generations of preservation and voluntary donation.This imperial edict is not only a precious material material left by the ancestors of the royal family, but also has reference value for the study of the evolution and development of the history, document system, official system, calligraphy, knitting and other aspects of the Qing Dynasty.
2、 Thousand work bed: The "thousand work bed" placed in the "bridal chamber" in the backyard of Dunhou Mansion adopts various decoration techniques, such as carving, inlaying, drawing, and painting. The red color, which best reflects the festive atmosphere, is the main color, matched with bright Chinese red, highlighting the rich and noble gold paint, showing its unique style as a "wedding bed".
3、 The whole picture of the reign of the Qing Dynasty: "The whole picture of the reign of the Qing Dynasty" displayed in the hall of Ningruiju is a printed version, but it is a valuable scientific data for studying the historical changes of China's territory and administrative regions.
4、 Other furniture: There are bookcase style multi treasure pavilions inlaid with mother of pearl in the middle of rosewood and completely preserved, as well as many exquisite classical furniture elaborately made of precious hardwoods such as mahogany, pear wood, beech wood, etc.[14]
It was initially rated as a national AAAA tourist attraction and a national demonstration unit of "quality travel" in China.
2006
It was listed as "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit" by the State Council. On December 15 of the same year, it was listed in "ChinaWorld Cultural HeritagePreliminary List.
[1]
tourist guide
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Reference fare and opening hours
admission ticket
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Half ticket
Opening Hours
Ticket of Wang Family Courtyard
sixty-six
thirty-three
Summer: 8:00-19:00
Winter: 8:00-17:00
No rest on holidays[16]
Guide ticket of Wang Family Courtyard
eighty
/
Ticket of Zishou Temple
fifteen
eight
Guide ticket of Zishou Temple
twenty
/
Tourist routes
The Wangs Courtyard is 140 kilometers away from Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi Province, and the transportation is very convenient.
The Wangs Courtyard
Jing Sheng Cun, Lingshi County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province
a、Take a long-distance bus (Taiyuan Lingshi) at Taiyuan Jiannan Bus Station to Lingshi Bus Station, and then transfer to No. 1 bus to go directly to Wangjia Courtyard.(Bus No. 1 runs every 8 minutes, 2 yuan/person)
b、Take a long-distance bus (Taiyuan Jiexiu) at Taiyuan Jiannan Bus Station to Jiexiu Bus Station, and then transfer to No. 11 bus to go directly to the Wangs' Courtyard.(Bus No.11 runs every 20 minutes, 5 yuan/person)
Train route
You can also take the train directly to Lingshi or Jiexiu, and then transfer to the bus to the Wang Family Courtyard.[17]
Self driving route
Free policy
In February 2020, in order to thank the medical workers who fought against COVID-19, the scenic spot will be open to medical staff free of charge from the date of reopening to December 31, 2020.[3]
