Setaria (scientific name: Beauv. Ess. Agrost.) is the next genus of Gramineae.Annual orPerennial herb；PanicleIt is terminal, columnar or sparsely spread and tower shaped, with awnless spikelets and 1-2 florets. All or part of spikelets are supported by 1 to several bristles, which fall off on the very short cup-shaped spikelet handle. The bristles are persistent. The first glume is ovoid or round, 1/4 to 1/2 shorter than the spikelet, and the second glume is about the same length as the spikelet. The first floret is male or neutral, the lemma is homogeneous with the second glume, the second floret is bisexual, and the lemma is leathery,Smooth or wrinkled.About 140 species are distributed in temperate and tropical regions, and about 17 species are widely distributed in China.The most common is Setaria angustifolia Sviridis （L.）Beauv.，S. glauca (L.) BeauvAnd zongye pennisetum Spalmifolia（Willd. ）Stapf, etc., stems and leaves can be used as feed;Millet (Millet) Sitalica（L. ）Beauv. is a grain crop cultivated for a long time in China, with many varieties and strains.
Setaria is an annual herb.The stalk is upright or its base is geniculate, with a height of 10-100cm and a base diameter of 3-7mm.leaf sheathLoose, with relatively large dense woolly cilia on the edge;LiguleExtremely short, with cilium on the edge;Leaf blade is flat, long triangular, narrow lanceolate or linear lanceolate, with long apexAcuminateThe base is obtuse round, almost planted or tapering, 4-30cm long and 2-18mm wide, usually hairless or sparsely verrucous, with rough edges.PanicleTightly cylindrical or slightly detached at the base, straight or slightly bent, the main shaft is covered with long soft hairs, 2-15cm long and 4-13mm wide (except for bristles), and the bristles are 4-12mm long, rough, straight or slightly twisted, usually green or brown yellow to purple or purple;Spikelets 2-5 clustered on the main axis or morespikeletIt is attached to short twigs, elliptic, blunt at the apex, 2-2.5mm long, lead green;The first glume is ovoid, about 1/3 as long as the spikelet, with 3 veins, the second glume is as long as the spikelet, elliptic, with 5-7 veins;firstLemmaIt is as long as the spikelet, with 5-7 veins, the apex is blunt, its palea is short and narrow, the second lemma is elliptic, with punctate wrinkles, the margin is involute, narrow;Squama integumentCuneate, apex retuse;Stylopodium detached.CaryopsisGray white.The flowering and fruiting period is from May to October.
leaf sheathLoose, glabrous or pilose;LiguleWith 1~2 mm long cilia;The leaf is flat, 5~30cm long, 2~15mm wide, with the topAcuminate, base slightly rounded or tapering, usually glabrous.PanicleCompact cylindrical, 2-15cm long, slightly bent or upright, green, yellow or purple;spikeletOval, blunt apex, 2~2.5 mm long;The first glume is ovoid, with 3 veins, and the second glume has 5 veins;The first lemma is as long as the spikelet, with 5-7 veins and a narrow palea.The grain is oblong, blunt at the top, with fine point wrinkles.Flowering and fruiting in summer and autumn.
It grows in the wilderness and beside the road.It is distributed in most parts of China.
The suitable temperature for seed germination is 15~30 ℃.The suitable depth for seeds to be unearthed is 2~5cm, and the seeds not germinated in the deep soil layer can survive for more than 10 years.The seedlings will emerge in April to May in northern China, and the peak will appear with watering or rainfall in the future;The flowering and fruiting period is from June to September.One plant can bear thousands to thousands of seeds.Seeds are spread by wind, irrigation, watering and harvest.The seeds germinate after hibernation.It has strong adaptability, drought and barren tolerance, and can grow in acid or alkaline soil.Born in farmland, roadside and wasteland.
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In botanical classification, Setaria italica (L) Beauv is a diploid cultivated species of Gramineae, Agrostidoideae, Panicatae, Setaria and Setaria.
There are more than 130 species of Setaria, which are distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions all over the world, and even in the Arctic Circle, mostly in Africa.Most of the species of Setaria are wild plants. The importance of this genus lies in that it includesgrain cropsMillet and its wild species are also often used as food or fodder.About 50 species of Setaria viridis have been identified by cytology during the session, and 2n=18 diploid species are known, including millet and green Setaria viridis, etc;Tetraploid species with 2n=36, includingSetaria pumila , alternate bermuda grass, weedy bermuda grass, etc;Hexaploid species with 2n=54, including hexaploid Setaria verticillata;There are also reports of octoploid species with 2n=72, such asErigeron。
It is generally believed that there are 15 species, 3 subspecies and 5 varieties of Setaria in China, of which 9 species and 1 variety are listed in the key list of species of Setaria in China[1]。
Value function
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1. There is no doubt that the spike of tail grass is like a dog's tail. Even in the Compendium of Materia Medica, a famous ancient Chinese medical treasure, it is said that "weeds are beautiful but not real, so the word is beautiful. The spike is like a dog's tail, so it is commonly known as the dog's tail.
2. The tender dog tail grass has fattened the stomach of livestock, and the old dog tail grass has not withered in the countryside.Dry dog tail grass is an excellent fuel.[2]
