Cowherd and Weaver Girl, a famous Han folk love story in ancient ChinaFour Folk Legendsone of.The other three are《Lian Sshanbo and Zhu Yingtai》《Meng Jiangnu Cries over the Great Wall》《Legend of White Snake》。fromAltair、VegaThe star name of is derived from.It is said that the Weaver Maiden, the granddaughter of the ancient Emperor of Heaven, is good at weaving cloth and weaves rosy clouds to the sky every day.She hated the boring life, so she secretly went down to earth and married a cowherd in Hexi to live a life of farming men and weaving women.This infuriated the Emperor of Heaven. He took the Weaver Maid back to the Heaven Palace and ordered them to separate. Only on the seventh day of the seventh lunar monthMagpie bridgeLast meeting.Their steadfast love was movedMagpieNumerous magpies flew in and built a magpie bridge across the Tianhe River with their bodies, so that Niulang and Zhinu could meet on the Tianhe River.[1-2]
《Nineteen Old Poems 》：“Altair far away, JiaojiaoHehannu。Grasping handsloom。All day long without a chapter, crying tears like rain.The Hehan River is clear and shallow, how many times can you reply?It's full of water, and your pulse can't speak. ""Cowherd and Weaver Girl" originated from people's worship of natural phenomena, and later developed into the Double Seventh Festival.Every festival, ancient women would turn to the Vega andNiulang StarMake a wish that you can have a wise mind, dexterous hands and a good marriage.[2-3]
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the cowherd and the weaving maid lovers separated by the milky way -- husband and wife living apart
The ancient Chinese astrological culture has a long history and is extensive and profound.In the ancient star official system of China, Niu Cebu is composed of six stars, located on the east bank of the Milky Way, like two inverted starstriangleIt's very special, but the triangle above is bigger and brighter.The small triangle below is just on the ecliptic. These stars form a cow with two horns but only three feet, so the ancients called it "morning glory".There are nine small stars in the south of this "cow", forming the "Tiantian", which is the place where it cultivates. Looking south, it is close to the southhorizonWhere is“Jiukan”Nine stars, Kan is a lowland for water storage, which is used to irrigate farmland.AbhijitTo the east of is "Luoyan" 3 stars, which is similar to a reservoirwater conservancy facilities。The "Vega" 3 stars are located in the north of Niusu“Vega ”Star is the fifth brightest star in the sky, second only to“arcturus”Star, which is often called“Vega”。Therefore, "Niu Suxing" and "Vega" are collectively called Niulang and Zhinu.[3][5]
As early asremote date, people observe the astrology, and compare the sky star region withGeographical regionCorrespondence.The ancients who pursued order not only planned the sky in order, but also corresponded the constellations to the ground area one by one. This correspondence is called "separation of stars" in astronomical theory and "separation of stars" in ground theory“Demarcate”。[6-7]
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The Book of Songs, Xiaoya, Dadong
The Book of Songs, Xiaoya, Dadong of the Zhou Dynasty: "There is Han in Uygur days, and there is light in prison. The Weaver Maid is always in seven Xiangs. Although there are seven Xiangs, there is no newspaper. The cowherd on the screen is not in a suitcase." - There is a story about the Weaver Maid and the cowherdConstellationsThe record of "Niulang" and "Zhinv" has always been considered as the bud and embryo of the legend of "Niulang" and "Zhinv".[8]
the cowherd and the weaving maid lovers separated by the milky way -- husband and wife living apart
The Moon Order in Broad Sense. The July Order is quoted from the Novel by Liang Yinyun of the Southern Dynasty: there are Weaver Maids in the east of Tianhe, the son of the Emperor of Heaven, year after yearloomThe toil is woven into a cloud brocade heavenly garment, which has an impeccable appearance.The Emperor of Heaven felt pity for his solitude, and let him marryHexiHe led the cowherd, and when he married, he abandoned the cloth.The Emperor of Heaven was angry and ordered him to return to Hedong and meet him once a year.On the seventh day of autumn, the head of the magpie was all Kun (k ü n) for no reason. It is said that the Rihe Drum and the Zhinu would meet in Hedong to serve the magpie to cross the Liang River, so all the hair was removed.
Translation of the novel:
In the east of Tianhe, there lives the Weaver Maiden, the daughter of the Emperor of Heaven (Note: the Emperor of Heaven is not the Jade Emperor, the Jade Emperor is the fourth or sixth emperor in Taoism belief, ranking below the Three Qing Dynasty, and the Emperor of Heaven is the legendary one in ancient timesDijunorThe Five Heavenly EmperorOne).She has beenloomI have no time to dress up when I work and weave beautiful clothes.The Emperor of Heaven pitied her for living alone and allowed her to marry the cowherd on the west side of Tianhe River. After getting married, the Weaver Girl abandoned her textile work.The Heavenly Emperor was so angry that he ordered her to return to the east of the Tianhe River and let them meet only once a year.Every year on the seventh day of autumn, we always seeMagpieHis head suddenly went bald.Legend has it that Niulang andwoman weaverMeet on the east bank of the Milky Way and use magpies as bridges to walk over their heads, soMagpieThe hair on his head has been trampled bald.
Zhinu is the seventh fairy in the bullfight palace. She was born by Zhang Tianjun, the son of the Jade Emperor. She is popularly called Zhang Qijie, the granddaughter of the Jade Emperor.The golden boy in front of the Jade Emperor molested the Weaver Girl, and the Jade Emperor wanted to kill the golden boy.[21]The Imperial Master Lao Jun begged for mercy and demoted Jin Tong to the mortal world. The Weaving Girl lived alone in Hedong Gongzhi for several years.Jintong was born outside Niu Yuan's home in Niujiazhuang. His parents died when he was seven years old, and he was abused by his sister-in-law.HyperplatinumAi Min, the Jade Emperor ordered Jinniu Star to come down to earth and hold the body of the cow to accompany Jintong.The sister-in-law asked Jintong to herd cattle during the day and sleep with the cattle at night. She wanted to poison Jintong and was saved by the cattle.The eldest brother decided to separate his family in order to prevent Jintong from being poisoned again. Jintong only took away the farming cattle at the suggestion of Niu.The Jade Emperor agreed to complete the Cowboy and Weaver Girl. At the end of 13 years, he ordered Taibai Venus to take back Jintong and Niu, and his sister-in-law died.The cowherd was on the bank of the Tianhe River. He saw several fairies taking a bath. The cowherd stole the clothes of the Weaver Maid.The Weaver Maid was in a hurry, and the Cowherd sent the clothes to each other to remember the old love.The Jade Emperor ordered them to marry, but they didn't go to thank himHoly Mother of YaochiVirtue of jade, forget the answerEnd itvocation.After the Virgin played the Jade Emperor, the Jade Emperor was furious and sentTota Kings When they were arrested, they resisted, and the Jade Emperor ordered them to be executed.The Supreme Lord once again begged for mercy, leaving the two immortals separated forever.The Empress Taibai Venus, the Supreme Lord Lao Jun and the Jade Emperor allow Niulang and Zhinv to meet once every July 7, known as Niunv Two Stars in the world.
Related poems
The Book of Songs · Xiaoya · Dadong
There are soup dishes and lifesaving daggers.Zhou Dao is as straight as a arrow as a stone.A gentleman's shoes are seen by a villain.When I speak, I look at it, and I weep.
Small east and big east, the sky is clear.The tangled sandals can wear frost.You are your young master. You should go around.The past has come, which makes me feel guilty.
There is a cold spring, but no salary.I mourn for my fear of others.The salary is paid, which is acceptable.I fear others, but I can rest.
He is the son of the East. He can't come to work.The son of westerners, charm clothes.The son of a boatman,fierce fightersIt's Jo.Private son, hundred bureaucrats are trying.
Or with its wine, not with its pulp.It is not good to wear it.Wei Tian has Han, and the prison has light.The Weaver Maid is always in the seven Xiangs.
Although seven Xiangfan, not a newspaper.The screen is a morning glory, not a suitcase.Qiming in the east and Changgeng in the west.A life saving journey is completed.
Weinan has a dustpan, so you can't winnow it.There is a bucket in Weibei, so you can't pump wine.Weinan has a dustpan and carries its tongue.There is a bucket in the north, and the west handle is uncovered.
"To the east of the Tianhe River, there is a Weaver Maid, the son of the Emperor of Heaven. Every year, he weaves a loom and weaves it into a cloud brocade heavenly garment. The Emperor of Heaven pities his solitude, and allows him to marry a cowherd in the west of the river. After marriage, he abandons the weaving. The Emperor of Heaven is angry and orders him to return to the east of the river. Only on the seventh day and night of July every year, he crosses the river for a while."
Autumn Eve (Qilv)
(Tang Dynasty) Du Mu
Silver candle autumn light cold painted screen, light Luo fan flutter fireflies.
The night in the sky street is as cool as water. Sit and watch the Morning Glory Vega.
On October 31, 2023, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced the List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative Project Protection Units, and the Heshun County Cultural Center was re identified as the protection unit of the Niulang and Zhinv Project.[22]
Folklore
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Cowherd and Weaver Girl is a very famous folk tale of the Han nationality. It is the earliest story of the Chinese people about stars.Southern and Northern DynastiesRen FangOf《Narration of Differences》There is a passage like this: "In the east of the river, there are beautiful women. They are the sons of the Emperor of Heaven. They are women workers who work hard every year. They are woven into cloud silk elevator clothes. They are hard but not happy. Their looks are too busy to tidy up. The Emperor of Heaven loves their solitude and marries them in the west of the riverMorning GloryAs a wife, she has wasted weaving ever since, and her achievements will not return.The emperor is angry and blames Hedong. We meet once a year. "[1][10]
Romance:
The story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl contains romance from the classic, which reflects the romantic feelings of the rare Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
The story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, which contains romance from the classical, reflects the precious tortuous love.We believe that on both sides of Tianhe, Niulang and Zhinu have been silently guarding each other, and have been witnessing the valuable spirit of "life is sincere and valuable, and love is more expensive", which has inspired young men and women to pursue the determination and courage of beautiful love.
the cowherd and the weaving maid lovers separated by the milky way -- husband and wife living apart
The earliest record of Niulang and Zhinv in Chinese ancient books is the "Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong", but the article only says that Zhinv and Qianniu are two similar stars in Tianhe, and there is no connection between them.It was not until the Han Dynasty that these two constellations were transformed into concrete characters. Ban Gu《Liangdu Fu》In the middle of the poem, "The lake near Kunming is like a boundless place for the Han Dynasty." It means that there are two stone figures beside the Kunming pool in the Han Palace, namely, the Qianniu and the Zhinu.It is the earliest record that Niulang and Zhinv are literary works of a couple, which can be counted as "Selected Works of Luo Shen Fu". The article says: "The cowherd is the husband, the weaver is the woman, and the star of the cowherd is everywhere. On July 7, there will be a meeting." From this point of view, the story of Niulang and Zhinv is not original, but gradually understood by the ancients.There are mainly the following types of contemporary editions.[11]
Version 1:《Jing Chu's Chronicle》As the saying goes, "There are weavers in the east of the Tianhe River, and the sons of the Emperor of Heaven, who weave looms and toil year after year to weave a cloud brocade heavenly garment. The Emperor of Heaven mourns his solitude and betrothed him to a cowherd in the west of the river. After he married, he abandoned the weaving talent. The Emperor of Heaven was angry and ordered him to return to the east of the river, but he crossed the river at night on the seventh day of July every year." This saying is very similar to a folk legend.According to legend, Cowherd and Weaver Maid were originally stars in the sky. Cowherd herded and Weaver Maid weaved. They worked hard and worked hard, which was very popular with the Jade Emperor.So the Jade Emperor gave them marriage and married them.However, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl were so attached to each other after their marriage that they abandoned their jobs.The Jade Emperor was so angry that he asked Wu Que to pass a decree that they would meet only once every seven days.However, it was mistakenly said that Wu Que met on the Double Seventh Festival every year.It is said that in the folk, after the Double Seventh Festival, the feathers on the black magpie will be stripped off. This is the punishment for the black magpie's wrong orderDepilationTo bridge the meeting of Cowherd and Weaver Girl.[11]
Version 2:《Taiping Imperial Survey》Volume XXXI Introduction《Weft script》As the saying goes, "Altair Jingzhou is called Hegu, which governs Guanliang; Vega, which governs fruits and melons. I have tasted the book that says, 'Altair marries Vega, and takes twenty thousand dollars from the Emperor of Heaven, and prepares the gift. It has not been paid back for a long time, and was driven to Kan's house.'" It is said in the article that because Altair borrowed twenty thousand dollars from the Emperor of Heaven when he married Vega, it was not paid back for a long time, which led to the end of separation between the two people.[11]
Version 3:It is said that the Weaver Maid is a god, while the Cowherd is a mortal.Once, when the Weaver Maid was playing in the world, she splashed in the lake and was picked up by a passing cowherd.They fell in love at first sight, married and gave birth to a man and a woman.But the love between human beings and gods is against the rule of heaven. The Jade Emperor ordered the Weaver Maid to leave the Cowherd.When the cowherd saw his wife taken away, he immediately usedshoulder polePick up a pair of baskets, put a pair of children into the baskets respectively, and go after the Weaver Girl.As he was about to catch up, a big river suddenly blocked him. This was the Milky Way drawn by the Queen Mother.The Queen Mother, seeing their sincere feelings, made an exception to let them meet on the Double Seventh Festival every year.[11]
Version 4:The orphan cowherd lives on his elder brother and sister-in-law. His sister-in-law is mean and often mistreats him. He is forced to separate his family and feed on an old cow.This old cow is very psychic. One day, the Weaver Maid and various fairies went down to earth to play and bathe in the river. The old cow persuaded the cowherd to meet him and told him that if the fairies could not go back before dawn, they would have to stay in the mortal world. So the cowherd stayed by the river to see seven fairies. He found that the smallest of the fairies was very beautiful and suddenly fell in love. Thinking of the words of the old cow, the cowherd took them away quietlyFairyThe fairies washed their clothes and prepared to return to the heaven. The little fairy found that the clothes were missing and had to stay. Niulang met the little fairy Weaver. Later, they talked very well and understood their difficulties, so Weaver became Niulang's wife.After marriage, they farmed and weaved, gave birth to a son and a daughter, and lived a very happy life.Unexpectedly, the Emperor of Heaven found out and orderedThe Queen Mother of the WestEscort the Weaver Maid back to heaven for trial.The old ox couldn't bear to see their wives and children separated, so he broke the horn on his head and turned into a boat, allowing the cowherd to carry his children to chase him by boat.We are about to catch upwoman weaverThe Queen Mother suddenly pulled out the golden hairpin on her head and drew a billowing Milky Way in the sky.The cowherd could not cross the river, so he could only look at the river and cry with Zhinu.Their steadfast love was movedMagpieNumerous magpies flew in and built a colorful bridge across the Tianhe River with their bodies, so that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl could meet on the Tianhe River.The Emperor of Heaven had no choice but to allow the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid to meet on the Queqiao Bridge once a year on July 7, and the Magpie would also be there.After that, Niulang and Zhinu would meet each year on July 7.[12]
Relevant records:
the cowherd and the weaving maid lovers separated by the milky way -- husband and wife living apart
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wu Mingshi created《Nineteen Old Poems 》In, there is a song《Altair far away》From it, we can see that Qianniu and Zhinu are lovers who admire each other, but they are not recognized as husband and wife in the poem.In written records, the couple Niulang and Zhinu were first named in the Liang Dynasty during the Southern and Northern DynastiesXiao TongCodified《an anthology》, one of them《On the Goddess of Luo River》"The cowherd is the husband and the weaver is the wife,Vega Morning GloryThe star is all around the river drum. On July 7, we will have a meeting. "At this time, the story of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" and the plot of the Tanabata meeting had begun to take shapeConstellationsAnd become husband and wife.But in the imagination of the ancients, couples in the sky and couples in the world are basically the same, so there is no tragedy in the story.As for the reason why the cowherd and the weaver girl had to "hold a meeting on the seventh day of July", the original text did not explain.According to later generations, on the one hand, the stars at night in July are the brightest in the skyVega IIThe stars are close to each other;On the other hand, the seventh day of July was the day when the folk custom "begged for cleverness"working peopleThey all regarded the Weaver Maid as a skilled worker, so they "begged for ingenuity" from her when they could "weave hundreds of Juanjuan horses within ten days".Therefore, people combined the story of cowherd and weaver girl with folk customs.With the passage of time, this story continues to enrich and develop.
The legend of Niulang and Zhinv and "Tanabata" originated from the theory of celestial phenomena and constellations.As early asWestern Zhou Dynasty, The Book of Songs·Xiaoya Dadong》Medium, justYesRecords of "Niulang" and "Zhinu".Here, the Vega and the Morning Glory are just metaphorical associations as natural stars, without any story plot.At this time, they are only used as aCultural factorAnd began to enter into the big system of literature.It is this "factor" that prepares the potential cultural conditions for the generation of this legend.Wang Yi《Chapters and Sentences in Songs of Chu》Volume XVII "Shouzhi": "Hold the sky to cover up evil, shoot the rape with the sky arc" describes the theory of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl getting married together.
Cui Feast of the Eastern Han Dynasty《Simin Yueling》"On July 7, Hegu (the astronomical name of Altair), Vega IIHoshigamiWhen will. "It can be seen from the above materials that people have gradually attached love stories to the two stars, Niulang and Zhinv, which are far away from each other.The first choice of "Nineteen Ancient Poems" reveals this information. The two stars of Morning Glory and Vega here haveCharacter imageThe Weaver Maid misses the morning glory all day long and yearns to meet each other. "In the midst of water, the pulse cannot speak".From then on, it was woven into a love tragedy of loving couples suffering from isolation.In the long process of historical development, the fairy tales of Niulang and Zhinv have becometraditional cultureThe important carrier of ", which sprouted in the Pre Qin Dynasty, gradually became in the Han Dynasty, and the story framework was basically determined in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.".Although the details and specific connotation of the story change from time to time in different historical periods, the concept of loyalty to lovers implied in the story has warmed future generations through thousands of years.[13]
Both the "seeking wisdom and dexterity" since the Han Dynasty and the "magpie bridge meeting" after the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were inseparable from the long-term observation and rich imagination of the ancient Chinese on astronomical stars.In the ancient times of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the ancients named a pair of stars at both ends of the Milky Way as "Morning Glory" and "Vega".The Book of Songs·Xiaoya Dadong》It is recorded in: "WeiyouTianhanThe supervisor also has light.The Weaver Maid is always in the seven Xiangs.Although seven Xiangfan, not a newspaper.The screen is a thousand cows, not a box ".This is the earliest account of Niulang and Zhinu.As the love story of Niulang and Zhinv spreads widely, Tanabata is defined as the day when Niulang and Zhinv meet on both sides of the Tianhe River through the "Magpie Bridge", and Tanabata has increasingly evolved into China's "Valentine's Day".[13]
There are several references to Zhinu in ancient books.The Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Astrology》: "Zhinu, the true daughter of the Emperor."《Redords of the Grand History of China》"Three stars, at the eastern end of the Tianji, are the heavenly daughters." Jiao Lin's Big Dipper: "To the east of the Tianhe River, there is a star. Under the Di River, it is called the Weaver Maiden." Tianhe is the one we see across the sky at nightLight band；The ancient Chinese also called it "Yinhan", "Xinghe", "Tianhang", "Yinhuang", "Minghe", "Gaohan", etc.Astronomers call it the Milky Way.Vega is in the east of the Milky Way, and its western name is Vega.Once upon a time, the Chinese divided the sky into 28 constellations andSanyuanAstronomers all over the world have decided to divide the sky into 88 "constellations".VegayesLyraThe brightest star in the sky.There are five nearly equally bright stars in the nearby Milky Way, which are arranged in the shape of a crossCygnus。There are three stars near the west of the Milky Way, a little south. The brighter star in the middle isNiulang Star, also called Altair, which was called "Hegu" in ancient China“He Drum”"Huang Gu", whose name is Altair in the west.Niulang isAquilaThe brightest star in the sky.It and the two smaller stars on both sides are sometimes called“Shoulder pole star”。According to the myth, the two stars next to it are the children born to Cowherd and Weaver Girl.Swans are wandering in the Milky Way. A girl is weaving on the river bank, and a herdsman with two children is herding cattle on the other bank.What a beautiful picture it is.
brightFeng Yingjing《The broad sense of monthly order》According to the novel, "There are weavers in the east of the Tianhe River, and they are also the sons of the Emperor of Heaven. Every year, they toil with the loom and weave square brocade heavenly clothes. Their looks are not perfect. The Emperor took pity on their solitude and allowed them to marry a cowherd. After marriage, they abandoned sewing. The Emperor of Heaven was angry and ordered them to return to the east of the river, so that they could have an opportunity once a year." Today, the name of the cowherd and weaver has become a nickname for couples who are difficult to meet or love each other in two places.
The ten words in Nineteen Ancient Poems:“Altair far away, KyauKyauk River woman, a slender and simple hand, Zha Zha Lane loom.All day long, tears are like rain.The Hehan River is clear and shallow. When the two sides of the river disappear, they can't speak. "This poem tells the story of the bitter and sorrowful encounter between the cowherd and the weaver girl, which is actually the intimate realism of the couple living in separate places.
The Cowboy and the Weaver Girl: "A long time ago, there was an orphan who lived with his brother and sister-in-law. His brother and sister-in-law treated him badly. They told him to eat leftovers and wear rags. Every day when it was dark, they drove him to the mountain to herd cattle.He did not have.Everyone calls him Niulang. "(From Niulang and Zhinv by Ye Shengtao).
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the cowherd and the weaving maid lovers separated by the milky way -- husband and wife living apart
The lunar calendar every yearJuly 7th, commonly known as“the seventh evening of the seventh moon”According to legend, it is the day when Niulang and Zhinu meet on the "Magpie Bridge" once a year.This ancient and movinglove story, handed down from generation to generation, this day is also known as the Chinese version of "Valentine's Day" by modern people.[1]
VegaIn autumn evening, the brightest star we can see is Vega.In early autumn, around nine o'clock at night, she passed over our heads;Autumn is getting deeper and deeper, and it is getting earlier and earlier for her to cross our heads.Vega joins several nearby stars and becomes aSeven string zitherWe call itLyra。This is to introduce the position of Vega, the shape of Lyra and the origin of its name.
AltairIn the east of Vega, a white cloud, intermittently across the sky from north to south, this isthe galaxy, also called Tianhe.There are three stars in a straight line in the southeast of Tianhe.The middle one is very bright, and the light on both sides is weak. It looks exactly the same distance from the middle one.useStraight handlebarThese three stars are connected,Positive imageA lever with equal arms.These three stars are called Libra and Burden Star.The biggest and brightest one in the middle isNiulang Star, also called Altair.His brightness is slightly yellow, not as bright as Vega, but the rest of the stars are not as bright as him.This is to introduce the position and brightness of Altair and the shape of Libra.
Vega and Altair andsunlightSame, all stars.Vega is 50 times brighter than the sun, and Altair is more than 10 times brighter than the sun.It is only because it is too far away from us that we can only see two relatively large stars.Vega and Altair are stars and their brilliance.
Vega is 26 light years away from the Earth, and Altair is 16 light years away from the Earth.sunlightIt takes only 8 minutes and 18 seconds to reach the earth from the sun, while it takes 26 years for Vega's light to reach the earth.Introduce the distance between Vega and Altair and the earth.Vega is approaching the sun at a speed of 14 kilometers per second, and Altair is also moving, approaching the sun at 33 kilometers per second, which is about the same speed as the earth's revolution speed - 29 kilometers per second.Their movement is not facing the sun, and the direction of movement is gradually changing.So don't worry about them colliding with the sun.This is an introduction to the movement of Vega and Altair.[10]
Does Niulang Star and Vega really meet each year on the "Double Seventh Festival"?
When enjoying the cool outdoors on a summer night, you can see a bright star above your head and four small stars beside it, which seems to be wovenshuttle, that is Vega.Across the Milky Way, there is a bright star in the southeast, and there is a small star on both sides, that is Altair, facing Vega across the river.
Myth is a myth after all. It is impossible for Cowherd and Zhinu to meet overnight.Altair andVegaThey are all stars that are very far away from us. They are even bigger than the sun because they are very far away from us.In astronomy, the distance between stars is mostly measured by "light years".A light year is the distance that the sunlight travels 300000 kilometers per second in one year.Altair is 16 light years away from us, and Vega is 27 light years away, so it looks just smalllight spot。
The distance between Altair and Vega is also very far, 16.4 light years, which is similar to the distance between Altair and the Earth. Even if Altair runs fast, it can run 100 kilometers every day, and it will take 4.3 billion years to meet Vega.Even if it is changed to fly 11 kilometers per secondspacecraftIt will take 450000 years to fly to Zhinu.Don't say we meet overnight. Even if we make a phone call, it will take 16.4 years to get to each other.
The astrology of Niulang and Zhinu in the Western Han Dynasty evolved into moving myths and legends.Emperor Wu of the Western Han DynastyYuanshouIn the third year (120 BC), for the purpose of conquering the southwest countries, training the navyKunming Lake。On the east and west sides of the pool, there are stone statues of Niulang and Zhinv, facing each other across the river,Ban Gu《Ode to Xidu》There is a saying: "In the pool of Kunming, the left is holding a cow while the right is a weaver's girl, which is like the boundless Han Dynasty." Li Shan's annotation of the "Han Palace Shu" said: "There are two stone men in the pool of Kunming, holding a cow and a weaver's girl."
Xi'an Zhinv Temple[14]
As time goes by, ZhinuMorning GloryIt has been said that they are two godsStone Carvings of Niulang and ZhinvThe statue was also called "Shiye God" and "Shipo God" by local people.Over time, people revered and superstitious the stone statue, and began to worship it,Tang DezongIn the 14th year of Zhenyuan era (798 AD), the Xiu Zhi Nu Temple set up a case for offering sacrifices. Incense has been very popular for thousands of years.[14]
as everyone knows,central plainsyesChinese civilization The important birthplace of Niulang and Zhinufolk culture Originated in ChinaFarming civilizationThe first developed region.The farming civilization was first formed in the climategeographical conditions Excellent Central PlainsSongshan MountainSurrounding area.The Rushui and Yushui plains in the south of Songshan Mountain were the first areas where the ancestors carried out agricultural production. They were also the areas of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period as well as the Qin, Han, Jin and other dynastiesAgricultural civilizationThe most developed place.HenanprovincePingdingshanIt is a famous town in the Central Plains of Lushan County, with a long history,Lushan CountySeveral local records, including the earliest Ming DynastyJiajing《Lushan County Annals》And city, county and townshipGazetteerThere are records of the legend of Niulang and Zhinv.《Pingdingshan CityIn ancient times, there was a loyal and honest young man named Sun Shouyi in this village, who used to herd cattle on the hillside of Lu, commonly known as Niulang. One day, the nine daughters of the Jade Emperor took a bath in the root pool on the hillside of Lu, and Sun Shouyi took away the clothes of the nine younger sisters (namely, the Weaver Girl), so they married Niulang.”The descendants of Niulang are Sunyi Village at the southwest foot of Lufeng MountainSun'sVillagers, 80% of whom have the surname of Sun, all respect Niulang as their ancestors and Zhinv as their ninthOld auntOr nineAunt milk, Zunai, Zun“god”It is "God".
There are more than ten relics about the story of cowherd and weaver girl around Lufeng Mountain (also known as Lushan Mountain and Lushan Mountain).The Annals of Lushan County by Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty is the earliest extant chronicle of Lushan.Record:“Niulang CaveAt the lower half of the mountain of Ruiyun Temple, facing the south, there is the Altair God... Nine Girls (it is said that the Weaver Girl is the nine girls of the Jade Emperor) Pool. At the foot of Lu Mountain, eighteen miles northeast of the county, there are nine girls and Dragon King Temple on the pool. "The Ruiyun Temple on the top of Lufeng Mountain has the Niulang and Zhinv Hall, with the Niulang and Zhinv insideFamily portraitsPainted sculptures and murals;In front of Ruiyun Temple is the South Heaven Gate, which is said to be the place where Cowherd and Weaver Maid go to heaven;The half waist Niulang Cave in the south of the mountain is said to be the place where Niulang lives and marries Zhinu;There is a stone wall 7 meters in front of the cave, which is said to be the dresser of the Weaver Maid.In March 2008, Lushan County Cultural Relics Institute excavated Niulang Cave and found that the cave entrance wasHan brickIn addition, black porcelain bowls and pieces of pots from the Tang and Song Dynasties, porcelain plates from the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, copper box ornaments, and copper coins were also unearthed. It can be seen that people in Lushan have long held sacrifices to Niulang here.
There is a Niulang Tomb 800 meters southwest of the Niulang Cave, where descendants often worship ancestors;At the ridge on the west slope, there are huge white trees with a height of 5 meters and a width of 5 metersstone table, known as Liangshitai or Liangshengtai, is said to be the place where Niulang and Zhinv dance to each other;Not far from Liangshitai, there is Jiunv Pond with an area of about 40 square meters. The water in the pool is clear and not dry all the year round. It is said that it is a bathing place for Zhinv and sisters, and also a place for local people to pray for rain and children.There are three halls on the side of the lake, one for the Jade Emperor andThe Queen Mother of the WestOne is for the nine daughters of the Jade Emperor, and the other is for the nine daughtersLingxiaoThe nine women worshipped in the temple are the weavers.Sun's Ancestral HallAncestor worship is mainly held on the eighth lunar month, the Spring Festival, the second day of February, and the seventh day of July every year. When worshipping ancestors, we should invite them from Niulang Cave and Nine Girls Lingxiao Hall, and then send them off. When worshipping ancestors, we should sing ancestor worship songs, sprinkle wine, and serve grainsLocal Customs It is also consistent with the folk cultural heritage of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
Lushan still has the custom of cattle worship, and regards cattle as a member of the family.Lushan has more than 40 place names with the word "Niu".Lushan is also famous for its bull market.Annualthe seventh evening of the seventh moonThe temple fair was originally located in Niulang's hometown, Sunyi Village (now moved to Xinji Street, where the township government is located), which is not only the busiest meeting in Lushan in summer, but also the best evidence that the legend of Niulang and Zhinv originated in Lushan.Lushan has a history of planting tussah and raising silkworms. It is said that Lushan's silk weaving technology was taught by the Weaver Girl after she came down to earth,Lushan SilkIt is known as "Weaving Maid Weaving" and "Fairy Weaving". Lushan people also like to plant "Nine Girls Flower".Nine girl flowers are rape flowers. It is said that the Weaver Maid brought them down from the sky to let the world spend the spring famine.Lushan people still plant in the courtyardGrapeIt is said that Niulang and Zhinv are on the Double Seventh FestivalMeet the Magpies and BridgesWhen people hide under the grape trellis, they can overhear their whispers.
ShandongYiyuan CountyYanya TownshipIt ownsZhinu CaveandNiulang Temple。The two are separatedYihe RiverThe landscape pattern on both sides of a river is opposite to the sky“AltairThe Milky Way and Vega "echo each other from afar and have amazing similarities, forming a unique landscape of the unity of heaven and man and the magic of heaven and earth.The Niulang Temple was originally a two-story attic building, which was rebuilt many times to take shape, with three main halls,Grey brickGreen tiles, painted brackets, magnificent buildings.In the main hall of the temple, there is a statue of the cowherd and his children, and beside it lies a statue of a golden bull.The ancient cypresses in the yard are towering, quiet and unique.
The village next to Niulang Temple is called Niulang Official Village, and most people in the villageDu surname"Sun", just the same surname as Niulang (Sun Shouyi), has existed in this village since the Ming Dynasty. People in the village regard the offspring of Niulang as their own, and have inherited the story of Niulang and Zhinv through the ages. So far, they have followed the customs of sericulture, weaving, and taking double seven waters.Every Chinese Valentine's Day, women in Niulang Mansion will be happy to use paper to foldGold ingot, enshrined in the Vega Cave.
Yiyuan CountyYanya TownshipDaxian MountainThere were many steles on the steles before, but only because they had been destroyed before, there are few intact ones. But all the inscriptions on the steles are more or less related to Niulang and Zhinu.There is a stone tablet“Zhinu CaveStory of Double Buildings "YesMing WanliIt was established in 1579.The inscription says: "Zhiyun Tang people passed through the valley and heard the sound of the weaving machine inside the cave, so the Weaver Girl is named", which is the origin of the Weaver Girl, meaning that someone passed by here in the Tang Dynasty and heard the letters inside the caveloomHe thought that the Weaver Maid was weaving, so he built this Weaver Maid Cave. The second sentence of the inscription - "There are cow palaces on the other side of the bank, so what seems to be an image in the sky is formed on the ground...".
ShanxiHeshun is located inTaihang MountainA small mountain county at the top of the mountain has long held a place in the minds of Chinese people because of a beautiful folk legend.Previously, Heshun County was named by the Chinese People's Association as the "Hometown of Chinese Cowherd and Weaver Girl Culture", and later officially announced by the State Council asThe second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list。It was named "the first group of ethnic groups in Shanxi Province" by Shanxi Culture Departmenttraditional festival(Qixi Festival) DemonstrationProtected area”。
stayHarmonyIn the local countryside, there have been many ancient place names and scenery names related to the story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl.Such as Niulang Cave, Jinniu Cave, Magpie MountainThe Heavenly Southern Gate, Tianhe Lake and other places corresponding to the main characters of the story, and beautiful stories have been told by local people.
Heshun County speeds up the rescue, development and utilization of traditional cultural resources, and sings the cultural brand of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl".The newly edited Shanxi opera "Queqiao Club", starring a famous Shanxi opera master in the provincial capital, will start tonight in Shanxi ProvinceArt PerformanceCentral performance.In urban and rural areas of Heshun, "folk paper-cut works exhibition", "folk fabric velvet painting traditional Chinese medicine painting exhibition", "folkHandicraftsExhibitions were held successively, including Niulang and Zhinv, Huaxia Holy MotherFengtai Drama、Grain painting, paper-cut, embroidery and other cultural history, allusions and legendsFolk art, revealed by local craftsmen.
The "Double Seventh Festival" originates from the fairy tale of Niulang and Zhinv, Shanxi ProvinceJinzhongHeshun County is an important region (not the only region) where the romantic love story of Niulang and Zhinv takes place and develops, and an important region with typical significance for the inheritance and development of Tanabata customs.Heshun CountyNantianchiLess than 10 times with Niulangyusquare kilometreSo far, nature andplaces of historic figures and cultural heritageThere are more than 20 scenic spots. From the place name, Tianheliang, Niulangyu, Nantianchi andMill valley(Zanyu) is a place name or village name recorded in local chronicles for a long time. Other places and related scenery names have long been popular among the people. Now we can see Niulang Valley, Niulang Cave, Tianhe Pool, Niulang Temple, Zhinv Temple, South Tianmen, Jinniu Cave, LaoniukouNiutou Mountain, Acacia Back, Magpie Mountain, etc., as well as the now ruined Queen Mother and Niangniang Temple, Li Tianwang Tower, Mozan Stone, etc.The villagers have inherited the vivid story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl and the custom activities of the Double Seventh Festival from generation to generation. The overall environment is very harmonious with the plot of the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.After several times of relevant expertson-the-spot investigationOn December 13, 2006, China Folk Literature and Art AssociationOfficially namedHarmony is“Home of Chinese Cowherd and Weaver Girl Culture”On June 7, 2008, the State Council issuedDocument No. 19The "love legend of cowherd and weaver girl" in Heshun County was listed as the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
Originating from such stories, Shanxi folk custom calls Qixi Festival "Tianhe Pai".According to historical records, at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the folk in Shanxi Province still retained the custom of tying statues for the festival. People tied up a pair of young men and women with branches and other things at the entrances of streets and alleys to express the meeting of the cowherd and the weaver girl, and offered melons, fruits, peaches and plums in front of them to congratulate them.
Yunxi"Yun" in the dictionary specifically explains the place name, "meteorite" is meteorite, which means falling meteor;"West" is the direction. Vega is on the west bank of the Milky Way.The word "Yunxi" means that the Vega falls in Yunxi, and the Vega and the Cowherd love each other.The Tianhe River in Yunxi not only coincides with the Tianhe River in the story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl in the name of the river, but also coincides with the Tianhe River in the Tianhe ValleyNatural landformIt is also closely related to the cultural landscape.In the Tianhe River Basin, the stone that looks like a woman on the Shimenwan Mountain in the southeast of Yunxi County is called "Grandma Shi", and the peak that looks like a man on the Huagai Mountain in the northwest is called "Duke Shi".
Yunxi people have believed that these two rocks are the incarnation of Cowherd and Weaver Girl for generations.In the middle of the river at the upper reaches of the Tianhe River, there is a huge stone called "Golden Hairpin Stone". It is said that the Queen Mother left it here when she pulled out her hairpin and crossed the Tianhe Rivergolden hairpinFossil.In the Hanging Drum Park in the west of Yunxi County, there is also a rock like "Hanging Drum", which is said to beNuwaIt is also said that it is the fairy stone used by the Weaver Maid to place clothes when she goes down to the world for bathing.In the east of Tianhe River, there is aNiangniang MountainThe Goddess of the Queen Mother is enshrined in the Niangniang Temple on the top of the mountain.Hanging Drum ViewThere is a stone ladder in the northeastNunnery, called“Tianchi Temple”。Previously, this was a place full of incense.One side is the temple, the other side is the temple, the other side is the female side is the male side.According to textual research, it was built by the simple Yunxi people in memory of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl."To eat riceZhuxiHe wants to marry his daughter-in-law to Yunxi. "Yunxi is the hometown of beautiful women.Yunxi women are generally recognized for their beauty, kindness and dexterity.
Nanyang City, Henan ProvinceBaotianmanFuniu MountainDistrict is a place with outstanding people.There are towering ancient trees, flocking birds and animals, and the picturesque peaks at the southern foot of Shiren Mountain,XixiaLongtangou Waterfall GroupIt is a famous tourist resort with water and stone and unique scenery.It is said that Niulang met and fell in love with the Weaver Maid here because of the guidance of the millennium old cow, and has lived a harmonious and sweet life ever since.After they gave birth to two children, the Queen Mother was furious when she learned that Zhinu had gone down to earth, and sent heavenly soldiers to capture Zhinu. Niulang cried loudly.However, Niu Lang asked Niu Lang to put on his psychic cowhide to chase after him. Niu Lang did so painfully, and then went to the sky to find the Weaver Maiden. In order to commemorate the human nature of the millennium old ox, the mountain Niu Lang once lived in was called Funiu Mountain.
And in Nanyang City, 20 miles south of the cityWancheng DistrictLihe Township, there is a man namedNiulang VillageOfNatural VillageThe villager said that the legendary cowherd was from his village, a young man named Sun Ruyi.The stone tablet of "Holy Cattle Tomb" was excavated in Niulang Village, and then the statue of Niulang and Zhinv was built in the villageJuly 7thThere are many incense sticks here.
It is said that the Niujia Residence, which was handed down from the ancestors in Niulang Village, was once the residence of Niulang.
The cattle drinking pit handed down from the ancestors of Niulang Village is said to be the place where Niulang used to herd cattle and drink water.The pit has been kept in this state no matter in drought or flood years.
Now every July 7th, Niulang Village not only inherits“Fried Fruit”、“Begging for cleverness”, "sacrifice" and other customs. In the morning, the old man also killed the rooster, fearing that it would announce in advance and shorten the meeting time of the cowherd and the weaver girl.
Every year around the 7th day of July, the Niulang Village on the east bank of the Baihe River and its surrounding villagers will go to the Niulang Village to burn incense and pray for children.
Nanyang City, October 2012Bureau of CultureThe declaration of the national intangible cultural heritage of "The Legend of the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver Originated in Nanyang" was specifically implemented, and the declaration was finally successful, thus the statement that "The Legend of the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver Originated in Nanyang" was culturally recognized.
stayTaicangTo the south of the "Six Countries Wharf" in the southern suburbs,Liu-Chia-Chang There is one besideHuanggutangThere is a Huanggu village by the river.In ancient times, it is said that this is the birthplace of Niulang and Zhinv.Northern Song DynastyIn the past, there was a Huanggu Temple in the village, where the statues of Cowherd and Weaver Girl were worshipped. There was a beautiful and moving legend.
Cowherd and Weaver Girl are gods in the sky. Cowherd is called Hegu Star, and later generations falsely called Huang Guxing;Vega is called Vega and belongs to the Queen Motherdaughter's daughter。The Cowherd and the Weaver Maid loved each other freely in the sky. The Jade Emperor and the Queen Mother thought that they were "not the right people, not the right people". They took strict care of the Weaver Maid and demoted the Cowherd to the world in the name of "talking about love and influencing work".Before Niulang came down to earth, the Weaver Maid whispered to him that if he missed her in the world, he couldLotusThe vat is full of water. Looking at the water in the vat, you can see the beautiful image of Zhinu.Niulang was born to a farmer in Huanggu Village near Huanggu Pond in the southern suburb of Taicang.
The cowherd in Huanggu Village, whose parents died when he was young, lives at the home of his elder brother and sister-in-law.There was a cow in the sky. The Taurus flew to Niulang, who raised the cow wellTiantouCattle herding is very intimate.The elder brother and sister-in-law always bullied him and mistreated him. They burned good food and ate it secretly, not to be known by the cowherd.The old ox is intelligent. Knowing that his brother and sister-in-law are eating good food at home, he asked the cowherd to go home and eat it quickly.The sister-in-law hated her thoroughly and forced the cowherd to separate.The cowherd said I don't want anything else. He wants this cow to grow a piece of land and live in a roomThatched cottage。
They farmed and weaved, gave birth to twins, a man and a woman, and lived happily.The cloth woven by the Weaver Maid is very good, and her business is good. She is willing to teach women in Huanggu Village how to weave,AdjacencyVery close.Before he died, he put his head on the bank of the river and said to the cowherd, "After I die, you can peel off my skin and put it away. When it is in danger, you can use it. If you put it on your body, you can go to heaven!"creekStill called“Niutoujing”。
Zhinu is the granddaughter of the Jade Emperor.The Jade Emperor found that the Weaver Girl was not weaving in the machine roomGod and GeneralAfter inquiry, we know that Zhinu was born in Huanggu Village, married with Niulang, and raised twins.The Jade Emperor was so angry that he sent the heavenly god Tianjiang to escort the Weaver Girl away.When the cowherd was working in the field, he suddenly saw that the weather was bad. He hurried home and found that the Weaver Maid was missing. She looked up to the sky and saw that the Weaver Maid was escorted to heaven by the god from heaven. She quickly put on the cowhide, picked up a load of children and flew to heaven. While chasing, she shouted, "Heaven will stop being rude and return my wife!" When the Weaver Maid saw the cowherd chasing, she thought I was the granddaughter of the Jade Emperor,I will not be punished. Niu Lang will definitely be punished. He waves to tell them not to follow. The cowherd refuses to listen. The Weaver Maid is worried. She pulls out a gold hairpin on her head and paddles towards her back. A Milky Way is drawn out. The river is rolling and the waves are rolling, blocking Niu Lang and others in the east of the river. They cannot cross the river.
After the Jade Emperor captured the Weaver Maid, he severely reprimanded her and imprisoned her in the machine room for weaving.The cowherd could not meet the Weaver Maid, and the children cried for their mother.The Mother of Earth (the wife of the Jade Emperor, who is in charge of everything on the earth) looked at the Weaver Maid and begged the Jade Emperor for mercy. The Jade Emperor agreed to meet the Cowherd once every July.On this day, the birds and magpies built a bridge, so that the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid took their children to heaven, and together with the Weaver MaidMagpie bridgeLet's meet.[16]
The Controversy of Origin
Announce
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The origin of the story of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl", which has been circulating for thousands of years, has always beenShaanxi ProvinceXi'an、Shanxi ProvinceHeshun County、Henan ProvinceLushan CountyHenan ProvinceNanyang City、Shandong ProvinceThere are endless disputes in Yiyuan County and other places.The Chinese People's Association has successively named Heshun County in Shanxi Province and Lushan County in Henan Province as China's "Hometown of Cowherd and Weaver Girl Culture".
The Book of Songs · Dadong Chapters in the Western Zhou Dynasty wrote that there is Han in Uygur days and light in prison.The Weaver Maid is always in the seven Xiangs.Although seven Xiangfan, not a newspaper.The screen is a morning glory, not a suitcase.As one of the birthplaces of the legend of Niulang and Zhinv, Yanya Township has a rare landscape with ancient architectural sites, which was built in the Tang DynastyZhinu CaveandNiulang Temple。
Niulang Official Village, a thousand year old village near Niulang Temple in Yanya Township, has followed the customs of sericulture, weaving, and taking double seven waters.Under the eastern foot of Daxian MountainLinyiThere is a cave on the cliff of the river, called Zhinv Cave, which is said to beQueen Mother of the WestThe place where the Weaver Maid is imprisoned.[17]
On March 2, 2013, Chairman of China Folk Custom AssociationLiu KuiliParty Secretary of Yiyuan CountyHan GuoxiangTogetherChina Niulang and Zhinv Legend Research CenterUnveiled Monument, Shandong ProvinceZiboYanya Township, Yiyuan County, has become one of the legendary sites of the hometown of Niulang and Zhinv designated by the state.[18]
On July 7 of each year, Yiyuan County, Zibo City, Shandong Province will hold the annual three-day Tanabata Couples Cultural Festival.[19]
Niulang Zhinv Scenic Spotbe locatedZiboYiyuan County, 15 kilometers away from the county seat,forest coverage92%。The main scenic spots in the scenic spot are Niulang Temple in Zhinv CaveWorld Love Stamp Museum、Niulang and Zhinv Folk Custom Exhibition Hall, Lover's ValleyGinkgo biloba、Zhinv Spring, Jiuzhong Tower, Yuhuang Pavilion, Sister Spring, Prayer Pavilion, etcplaces of historic figures and cultural heritageAnd various stone inscriptions.Niulang Zhinv Scenic SpotCultural detailsRich, the scenic spot has the only ancient architectural site in China with the theme of the folk legend of Niulang and Zhinv, which is called "Chinese love" by expertsCultural origin”。The landform features vividly show the "Milky Way in the Sky" and "UndergroundYihe River”There are "Niulang and Zhinv Star" in the sky and "Niulang Temple in Zhinv Cave" in the underground, forming a spectacle of "Milky Way in the sky, Yi River on the ground" and "imaging in the sky, forming with the earth".[17]
Shaanxi, one of the birthplaces of the legend of Niulang and ZhinvXi'anDoumen Townlegend
Xi'an Niulang Zhinv Stone Carvings (Western Han Dynasty)[15]
Doumen Town, Chang'an District, Xi'an CityNanfeng VillageThere are two tall stone statues, which are called "Shipo" and "Shiye" by local people.It is reported that these two stone sculptures have been more than 2100 years ago.
Martial EmperorYuanshouThree years (120 BC):Kunming Lake”Standing by the Kunming Lake all the time, it is commonly known as "Shiye Shipo".Now the cowherd isShaanxi ProvinceXi'anIn the north of Changjiazhuang Village, Doumen Town, Chang'an District, the Statue of Weaver Girl is in Doumen Towncotton millThe distance between them is about 3 km.
Tang DezongIn the 14th year of Zhenyuan (798 AD), the "Shiye Temple" was built here“Shipo Temple”。For thousands of years, incense has been burning continuously, and the large-scale sacrifice of the Tanabata Festival to Niulang and Zhinv has still been preservedfolk culture Activities.
"Shipo Temple" is also called "Zhinv Temple".On the wall outside the temple door, there is a large piece of red paper recording the amount of money donated by the villagers to build the temple.[15]
Stepping into the hall, you can see the guarded Vega statue andMerit box。When the stone statue was dressed and looked closely, it was found that its shape and line were quite rough, so that someone asked, "Is this Shipo or Shiye?".[15]
Every year atThe 17th day of the first monthOn July 7, there were a lot of people here, and incense sticks were very popular.There are people who want to pursue higher education, marriage and children, and they are very effective.
According to research articles, Doumen Town, Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province is one of the birthplaces of the "Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl".The local government has gradually formed the practice of two large-scale activities every year (the first is the wedding of Niu Nu on the sixteenth day of the first month, and the seventh meeting on the seventh day of July), as well as going to the temple on the first and fifteenth days of every month.[15]
One of the birthplaces of the legend of Niulang and ZhinvHenanLushan CountyLegend（Home of Chinese Cowherd and Weaver Girl Culture）
stayLushan CountyXinji TownshipDomesticLufeng MountainThere is a village named Sun Yi in the southwest. More than 1000 villagers with the surname of Sun have always respected Niulang and Sun Shouyi as their ancestors. The custom of not performing Tianhe Ji (a play about Niulang and Niulang and Zhinv) has been passed down in the village for many years.The cowherd herded cattle in the daytime and stayed in Lufeng Mountain cave at night. After being instructed by the old cow, the cowherd stole them from the earthLotus PondIn the red clothes of the bathing fairy, they can get married and have a pair of children.Later generations called the village where Sun Shouyi lived as Sun Yi Village.The birthplace of the beautiful love story between Cowherd and Weaver Girl isLushanThe saying has also been circulating in Lushan area.
One of the birthplaces of the legend of Niulang and ZhinvHebeiXingtai CityLegend（Hometown of Chinese Tanabata Love Culture)
Tianhe Mountain, which is located in the east of Xingtai City, has rich cultural connotation, and has bred the famous love legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl.Many villages near Tianhe Mountain are named after the story of Niulang and Zhinv.Some folklore experts believe that Tianhe Mountain ecotourism zone includes Tianheliang, Laoniuyan, NiulangzhuangZhinv PeakA large number of legends and cultural relics about the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, such as Queqiao, are likely to be the original place of the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
One of the birthplaces of the legend of Niulang and ZhinvNanyang, HenanCity legend
Tracing back to the formation of the Tanabata Festival from the legend of Niulang and Zhinv, the time should bethe warring statesAtChu State。The Book of Songs·Xiaoya Dadong》There is a poem in it that says, "When you see the cowherd, you will never take the clothes". This is the earliest written record of the legend of the cowherd and the weaver, and it is the embryonic form of the legend of the cowherd and the weaver.There is also a song related to the Weaver Girl《Zhounan · Hanguang》As mentioned in "There are female tourists in the Han Dynasty, you can't think about them".According to historical records, "Han" in the poem refers to the Han River andTianhan(Galaxy), "Younv" refers toHanshui GoddessOr Vega.NanyangpeopleZhang Heng《Nandu Fu》There is also "The song of female tourists playing pearls in Hangao"[20]
Surrounded by the largest tributary of the Han River, the White RiverNanyang, known as "HeavenHanzhongThe name "Baishui" is similar to the Hehan, Tianhan and Galaxy in the "Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl".According to the famoushistorianQian Mu“《Poetry of the South》The place name research "quoted from Xiao Zhi's" Min Shi Fu ":" The old country of Nanyang is the place where the heaven and the Han people live. "Then, a well-known and traceable story of" Cowherd and Weaver Girl "took place on both sides of the Baihe River.It should be closedSouthern Dynasty LiangAccording to Yin Yun's Novels and Huai Nan Zi Customs, "There are weaving girls in the east of the Tianhe River, and sons of the Emperor of Heaven,... Xu married the cowherd in the west of the river. After marriage, he abandoned weaving, and was ordered to return to the east of the river."
Cattle and women's quarters in Nanyang Han Painting Museum
In the versions of the legend of Niulang and Zhinv spread around the country, mulberry forest and mulberry village either did not tell the place where the story took place, but almost all told the place where the story took place, pointing to "there is a Niujia village twenty miles west of Nanyang city..." or "Niulang is a Sanglin man in Nanyang...".FolkloristZhang ZhenliIn the Textual Research on the Evolution of Central Plains Classical Mythology, it was also said: "Niulang is called Ruyi, who is from Sanglin Village in the west of Nanyang City...".
According to the place where the ancient and modern stories took place, you can still find the ancientmulberryForest and related relics, customs and legends.In 1981General survey of geographical namesWhen Wu Deming, a learned old man, recalled: "Grandma said that this place was called 'mulberry forest' in ancient times, and since she married here, there has been an ancient mulberry forest covering an area of 100 mu in the north of the village." There is a Han tomb site called "mulberry grave" by the villagers nearby,thick growth of grassMedium,RidgeThere are a large number of Ma Wen Han bricks and mulberry wool left.
Sangzhuang (Sanglin) is located in today's "20 Li Gang", close to the ancient official road "Xia Road".In the spring of 839 AD, a poet of the Tang DynastyDu MuIt was written by the native place of Niulang and Zhinv on the way from Xuanzhou to Beijing as an official《Village bank》"In the middle of the spring, in the west of Nanyang, Rousang passed through the village dock... The coir sang about herding cattle, and the fence peeped at the girl in the skirt", referring to the "mulberry forest" area.The poet used the technique of line drawing to depict the full picture of the beautiful and moving "mulberry forest" in the west of Nanyang City, in which "Rou Sang crosses the village and dock" describes the vast area of mulberry forest, which covers the village.
Niulang Village and Zhinv Village In the widely spread legend of Niulang and Zhinv Village, the Hexi Niulang was driven out of his home by his sister-in-law, left the mulberry forest (also known as Niujia Village) with an old ox and a broken car, and lived on the east bank of the river.This is very consistent with the legend of "Niulang Village" on the east bank of Baihe River.
There is a legend in Niulang Village: the weaver girl picking mulberry brocade meets the cowherd in the west of the river on the bank of the White River, and falls in love with him.woman weaverRegardless of parentsHe secretly married the cowherd.After a long time, Zhinu's parents found and separated them.The yearning Niulang drives Old Yellow Cattle here. Because the parents of Zhinv don't think Niulang is too poor, they don't want to meet him.In desperation, Niulang set up a nearbyStraw shedAfter living here, with the passage of time, today's "Niulang Village" has been formed.However, the constant family ties made them quietly stay in the villageMeet the Magpies and Bridges, pour out the feelings of parting.
The "Niulang Village", located 20 miles on the east bank of the Baihe River, has had this village name since ancient times and still has the name of NiulangHomestead, Drinking Cattle Pit, Niujiazhong, Queqiao, etc.More than a mile apartShiwa VillageIt is commonly known as "Zhinv Village".Since ancient times, Shi Wa's girls have not married "Niulang Village", which is a marriage custom that has survived from the love tragedy of "Niulang and Zhinu".The local people believe that although the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are affectionate, they can't live forever, which has become a lingering shadow of the local people.Another saying is that Niulang Village is too poor.For thousands of years, the girls in Shiwa Village have never married to Niulang Village.
Subsequent legends
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There are many fresh contents of the following life of cowherd and weaver girl in the stories circulated in Lushan County, Henan Province.
The Weaver Maid was taken back to the Heaven Palace to weave colorful clouds. She was unhappy all day and missed the cowherd and her children.The cowherd lives in the mortal world with his children.Their place of residence is only 5 li away from the South Tianmen on the top of Lushan Mountain. A couple of children miss their mother at home, and they often walk along the mountain to the South Tianmen to ask for their "mother".The guard general of the South Heaven Gate sympathized with their experience, so he had to make it convenient to let them in and out.The Jade Emperor liked his grandchildren very much and let them come and go.The Queen Mother of the WestThe supervision of the Weaver Girl has also been relaxed, and the relationship between the two families has gradually become harmonious.Niulang died and was buried in the Niulang Tomb at the southern foot of Lushan Slope.Sun Yicun's descendants of Niulang call themselves "Niulangsun".
Later, the descendants of Niulang inherited the family property in Lushanpo area and strictly observed filial pietyLaba, Spring Festival, February 8Cauliflower festivalMarch 3the seventh evening of the seventh moonWaiting for more than ten festivals, please return to the village for the festival.Lufeng Mountain beside Sun Yi Village“Niulang Cave”The "Nine Women's Pond" on the west side and the "Ruiyun Temple" on the top of the mountain seem to be telling moving stories about Niulang and Zhinv.
Lufeng Mountain areanatural environmentSuperior, local people have raised large cattle since ancient times.But unlike cattle raising elsewhere, Sunyi Village in Xinji Township not only raises cattle every household, but also does not kill cattle. The custom of burying cattle after death has lasted for a long time.In addition, Lushan has been rich in silk since ancient times,Lushan SilkIt is also called "Zhinv Weaving" and "Fairy Weaving".
Xinji Township is famous far and nearGrapePlanting base.This is also related to the story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl.It is said that when the Cowherd and Weaver Girl meet on the Double Seventh Festival every year, women in the world can hear two people whispering under the grape trellis.Lushan folk custom,Qixi QiqiaoIt is on this day that he begged the Weaver Maid to give him skills, so that he could get the right husband.
In Xinji Township, a large temple fair is held on the seventh day of July every year.According to textual research, the Tanabata Temple Fair in Xinji Township has a history of at least hundreds of years,the said dayPeople call it "greeting the fairy" or "picking up the cowherd and the weaver girl to go home" when they sing big plays, play gongs and drums, and set off firecrackers.
In Sunyi Village, Xinji Township, there is another very interesting custom, that is, starting a temple fair, singing a big opera, and never watching the Tianhe Story.Because some descriptions of their ancestors in Tianhe Ji do not respect them.In order to show respect for their ancestors, they have kept the custom of not watching Tianhe Ji for generations.[10][20]
