Java IslandyesIndonesiaIs located in the south of the equator, with an area of 138800square kilometreThe west of the island is the capital of Indonesia——Jakarta。
Java（Indonesian：Jawa、English: Java), the fifth largest island in Indonesia, adjacent to the souththe indian ocean, NorthJava Sea。Java Island is the most economically, politically and culturally developed area in Indonesia, the capitalJakartaIt is located in the northwest of Java Island.Java has the largest population in the worldPopulation densityOne of the highest islands, with an area of 138793.6 km2 and a population of 145 million (2014), the density ofSquare kilometers1045 people.It has half of the total population of 271 million (December 2020).[2]
It is 970 kilometers long from east to west and 160 kilometers wide from north to south, forming a narrow and long shape.The terrain is mainly mountainous and hilly, with the highest peak in the island——Semeru VolcanoIt is 3676 meters above sea level and located in the southeast of the island.There are many wide basins in the mountains, many of which are the birthplace of the ancient kingdom of Indonesia, and are still developed farming areas and urban centers.The northern coast isAlluvial plain, manyArtificial harbor；The south bank is steep with hills.Earthquakes and tsunamis are frequent.There are many rivers, and the rivers flowing into the sea on the north bank are large, mainly including Cilion River, Cimanu RiverThoreau River、Zhitalong River、Blantas RiverEtc.The soil on the island is fertile,natural conditionGood,Forest coverage rate23%。
There are many volcanoes, more than 100. There are 58 volcanic peaks with an altitude of more than 1800 meters, of which 14 are more than 3000 meters.Recently, the activity was intense, and Merapi volcano with signs of eruption was one of them.Merapi volcanoWith an altitude of 2968m, it is one of the most popular places in IndonesiaActive volcanoThe most active one in.
Java Island surrounded by the sea, belonging toTropical rainforest climateThere is no change of cold and hot seasons, and the climate is hot,Annual average temperature25-27 ℃.Abundant rainfall, hot and rainy all year round in the westDry season。Annual precipitationAbout 1500 mm, less than 1000 mm in a few areas, and up to 4000 mm in mountainous areas.The unique natural conditions make the islandTropical plantIt is densely covered, with evergreen vegetation, coffee, tea, tobacco, rubber, sugar caneCoconutAnd other products.Land reclamation rate70%, ranking first in China.Mineral reserves include oil, coal, manganese, iron, gold, silver, phosphorus, sulfur, iodine, etc.Rice, corn, tea, peanutssucrose、Kapok、Cinchona cream、teakIt also produces rubber, coffeeOil palm、Coconutandcocoa。Industries include oil refining, shipbuilding, machinerymetallurgyRubber, textile, chemical industry, paper making, etc.The transportation is developed, with 60% - 70% of the national highway and railway mileage.
Java is administrativelyWandan、West Java、Central Java、East JavaFour provinces and the capital of Greater JakartaYogyakarta(Yogyakarta) consists of two special zones.The SEZ is administratively provincial.Banten ProvinceWest Java, located at the westernmost end of Java Island, separated in 2000.[1]
The beautiful scenery of Java Island attracts a large number of tourists from all over the world every yeartourism。Some important cities and places of interest are located on this island.Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, isSoutheast AsiaThe largest city, located on the northwest coast of Java Island, has a population of more than 8.3 million.BandungIndonesia is located in the Bandung Basin with an altitude of more than 700 meters in the west of Java IslandWest JavaCapital, surrounded by mountains, lush plants and beautiful environment.IndonesiaYogyakarta, the ancient capital ofCentral JavaOfkey city, world famousBorobudurThe historic site is locatedYogyakartaNorth of the city.
Java
physical geography
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terrain
Topography of Java Island
The terrain of Java Island is mainly mountainous and hilly, with a basin in the middleEurasian plate andIndian Ocean PlateOn the extinction boundary, the geology is active, and there are many earthquakes and volcanoes.Java is 1064 kilometers long from east to west, 100 kilometers wide in the middle, and 160 kilometers wide at both ends.There is an east-west longitudinal mountain range on the island. There are many volcanoes on the ridge, and there arelimestoneMountains and lowlands.Java isvolcanic activityMore areas, but few serious eruptions;There are 112 volcanoes, of which only 35 are active.Volcanoes gather in the western part of the island, while the central and eastern parts are scattered.The highest volcanoIt is Semeru volcano, 3676m above sea level.Volcanic zoneThere are a series of unconnected highlands in the south, with an altitude of about 300 meters.
rivers
The rivers in Java Island are short and fast, and most of them flow northward because of the formation of riverswatershedThe central mountain range is slightly closer to the southern coast than to the northern coast.However, there are also several rivers that flow southward.The largest river on the island is located in the east of JavaThoreau RiverandBlantas River。These two rivers and many smaller rivers can be used for irrigation, but they can only be navigable in the rainy season, and only small boats can navigate.
climate
Topographic Map of Java Island
JavaneseClimate typebyTropical rainforest climate, hot and humid all year round.Thunder can be heard for about 220 days in a year, with more than 1400 times of thunder, which is the largest area in the world.The plains along the northern coast have the highest temperatures, while the mountains are much cooler.High humidity often forms a debilitating climate.The northwest monsoon period lasts from November to March of the next year, which is rainycloudy；The southeast monsoon period starts from April to October, with more sunny days and less rainfall.The average annual rainfall in Jakarta is about 1760 mm.Jakarta Average DayMaximum temperature30 ℃, minimum 23 ℃.In Tosari, an inland highland, with an altitude of 1735 meters,Average temperature8-22℃。becauseashThe soil is fertilized periodically, so Java's soil is very fertile.
Volcanic ash fertilizes the land periodically. Java's soil is very fertile, with superior natural conditions. It is rich in coffee, tea, tobacco, rubber, sugarcane, coconut and other products.
The main crops are maize, cassava, peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes.
cash crop：Kapok, sesame, banana, mangoDurian, citrus and vegetable oil for local consumption.
Tea, coffee, tobacco, rubberCinchona（quinineThe export volume of raw materials, such as sugar cane, kapok (planted in the eastern part of the island) and coconut, is large.
Species resourcesIt is rich in rhinoceros, tigers and bison, but these animals are only active in some remote areas.There are alsomonkey, wild boar andcrocodile；About 400 kindsbirds；100 species of snakes;500 kindsbutterflyAnd a variety of insects.
Bromo volcano is a famous tourist attraction integrating natural scenery and unique ethnic customs in East Java. It is also one of the most famous tourist attractions on Java Island and is loved by tourists at home and abroad.It is located in the southwest of Surabaya, about 150 kilometers away, 2393 meters high. It is located in the "Boramo Dengar Smoro Mountain National Park". It is one of the three active volcanoes on Dengar Mountain.Tourists can arrive here from different directions, but foreign tourists usually come from Surabaya - Palo Lingguo City - Enyadi Shali VillageTourist routes。
As the largest archipelagic country in the world, Indonesia is located in“the pacific oceanThe "Ring of Fire" (the Pacific Basin, an arc plate of volcanoes and submarine faults) is facing a series of geological upheavals.Brahma Volcano isVolcanic swarmsThe most famous active volcano tourist destination in China.
Dengar Mountain, Java Island in the Dawn
Boramo Volcano is located on the top of Denggar Mountain. To climb Boramo Volcano, you must climb Denggar Mountain first.Like a shaved off spireconeIt forms a large platform at the top with high edge and low middle, 9 kilometers wide from north to south and 10 kilometers long from east to west. Inside the platform is a sand sea formed by the eruption of Denger volcano in the past.There are three active volcanoes standing in the sand sea, one of which is Borneo Volcano.Brahma is a giantcraterAnother crater inside, 10 kilometers in diameter, is bordered by an upright, 350 meter high stone wall.Brahma and twoVolcanic cone, standing on the gravel like an island.Standing on the top of the mountain, the highland near Tengger is beautiful, and there are many volcanic cones and grand canyons, cold lakes, waterfalls, caves, and alpine forests that smoke constantly.In addition, the cool wind blows on your face, and white clouds wind around you, as if you were in a fairyland.
The most attractive scenery of Brahmo volcano is at sunrise.If you want to watch the sunrise, you can go down to the hotel at the foot of the mountain the night beforenight mistsWhen the ice is still thick, you need to get up early and go to the top of the holy mountain in the dark. Tourists usually walk or ride horses to climb the mountain.At about four o'clock in the morning, the top of Brahma Mountain was golden on the beam.The rising red sun interweaves with the surrounding scenery, forming a colorful world.However, the temperature here is very special. The daytime temperature is between 30-35 ℃, while the nighttime temperature almost drops to 0 ℃. Tourists must get enough clothes when climbing at night.
2. Pulan Banan Temple Group
World Cultural Heritage
Prambanan Temple Compounds It is the largest and most beautiful Hindu temple in Indonesia and the carrier recording the splendid culture of Indonesian ancestors.The Pulan Banan Temple Group consists of 240 temples, most of which have been reduced to a pile of rubble. However, some major temples have been rebuilt with the efforts of people after experiencing the vicissitudes of natural disasters and man-made disasters, and have regained their former style.It is located 17 kilometers to the east of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The name of the temple group in Prambanam is named after the village where it is located. This place may be the political and cultural center of the ancient kingdom in the Java era during the 8-10 century AD.
Pulan Banan TempleThere are eight shrines, three of which are dedicated to ShivaVishnu andrama The three HindusMain God。There are three main halls in the central courtyard.Shiva Temple is 46.5 meters high. Inside is the statue of Shiva's wife Durga, which is also the highest temple.The north side of Shiva Temple is Visnu Temple, the south side is Brahma Temple, and the front side is Nandi Temple.In front of Vishnu and Brahma temples is the Wahano Temple, while the Apit Temple is located in the north, and its south side is connected with the temple.There are four Clare temples on the east and west sides in front of each gate of the main square;There is a small temple in each of the four corners of the main square.
The creation of the Pulan Banan Temple Group basically imitated the Mahamuro Mountain where the gods lived as described in the myth, so all kinds of sculptures and decorations were completed according to the appearance of the immortal realm.For example, decorative patterns are made from mountains, riversLotus, strange animals and people, fairies, etc. The leaves and branches are winding between various patterns, creating a dreamlike world of immortals.There are statues in every temple, such as Shiva Ma facing the east on the main hallHadvar Statues, statues of Durga and many famous figures in Hinduism.Carved on the walls of templesRamayanaIn the legend of Rama, the myth about Hinduism, every eveningoutcropOn the stage, these famous fairy tales will have a strong traditionBalletIn the form of.
Borobudur Temple Group Grandma
The legend of Pulan Banan Temple Group is the widely spread story of Lala Qionghe Glan. It says that thousands of temples were built at the same time one night. By the next morning, only 999 temples were completed, including Pulan Banan Temple Group.According to the luxurious architecture and decoration style of the temple of Prambanam, it is speculated that it was about the 10th century A.Darchitectural styleThe late product of.But until today, people have not yet found accurate evidence that can reveal who these buildings are and when they were built.According to the inscriptions that have been found, it is speculated that these temples were built by the Rajai Picadan dynasty in the 8-9th century AD.
earthquake
At 8:31 on August 4, 2023 (local time 8:31 on August 4, 2023), a 5.6 magnitude earthquake occurred in the sea area near Java Island, Indonesia, with the focal depth of 590 km, the epicenter at 6.25 degrees south latitude and 113.05 degrees east longitude。[3]
human geography
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historical period
Java Island is also famous for the Javanese ape man. Homo erectus arrived in Java about 1 million BCBlantas RiverThe nearby Trinil is famous for the discovery of Homo erectus, or "Javanese" fossils in 1891.Two million years ago, abundant rainfall on the Sunda and Digul Plateau made a lot of tropicalplant growth Prosperous, for manyPrehistoric cultureThe appearance of provides conditions.
At least as early as 800000 years ago, Java becamehuman activityThe location of.Javanese immigrants apparently came from the Southeast Asian continent.As early asWestern YuanIn the first 2500 years, Java had family agriculture.
Around the first century AD, Indian merchants came to Java and later believed thathinduismThe power of Indian people was developed in the 8th centuryMa Da Lan(Mataram) The kingdom was in prosperity.The Matalan Kingdom, centered in south central Java, was ruled by the Shailendra dynasty.Although initiallyShivaA follower of Hinduism, the later kings of the Madaran Dynasty acceptedmahayana。At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 10th century, huge Buddhist monuments were built in Borobudur, Mendut and many other places in Java.
After the decline of Malan's power, there were three countries on Java Island: Taruna in the west,Mataram In the middle,JianyiliIn the east.Song TaizongChunhua 3rd Year (992) Eastsomewhere unknownDharmvamca sent envoys to pay tribute.At that time, MuroTea KingThe island of Java has been unified, and its influence has expanded to Bali Island, Bolin State, andSumatraInsularSrivijaya Countries are at war.However, as a result of the East Java Three Buddha War, East Java was defeated in 1006, and King Dharmvamca was killed.The Three Buddhas expanded into Java Island.
Erlangga (1019-1049), the king of East Java, tried to revitalize the country.During his reign, literature and art flourished,Indian EpicIt is the first time to translate from Sanskrit to Javanese.Thus, the path of indoctrinating Hinduism into ordinary people was opened.Elronka divided his kingdom equally between his two sons, one of whom wasJianyiliThe rulers (along the Brantas River) were more powerful.This region was the center of Java culture until the 13th century (when West Java was stillShriverdieRule).Jianyili Kingdom becameSpice tradeOfTrade Centre。Muslim businessmen from India and Chinese businessmen have come to various ports here for a short stay.
Later in Javapolitical centerTransfer to East JavaMalangMalangNew Kosari(Singhasari) Kingdom.Geldanakara (Kertanagara, 1268-1292) was the greatest king of the kingdom. He expelled the Three Buddhas from Java in 1290, unified Java, and expanded his power toBorneoSouthBaliAnd other eastern islands, followed byXin He Sha LiKing Ketanagala was killed by the rebel Jayakatwang.
With the early death of Geldanakara, his kingdom collapsed.In 1292 and 29, Kublai Khan, the Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, sent a navy composed of 1000 warships from FujianQuanzhouCross the sea, land in Java, and unite with the Manchu Boyi KingKetalayasaAttack the traitor Jia Yakatwang of Sinhali and destroy Sinhali.Full of Bo YiKing Ketalayasa then turned against the enemy, repulsed the Yuan army and unified Java.History of the Yuan DynastyThe Manchu Boyi is called "Mahuo Bashir", which is the capital of Java.
Ma Nu Basher(Majapahit) The empire was founded in 1293 and is known as the most prominenthinduismkingdom.The name Manchu Boyi comes from the Majapahit orange tree which is regarded as a god in Hinduism.The empire controlled most of the Indonesian archipelago, includingSumatraBeforeShriverdieThe territory of.The founder of this powerful empire was Prime Minister Gajah Mada (1331-1364).At the end of the 14th century, the Manabashi Dynasty began to decline, probably in the early 16th century. At this time, Islamists destroyed the last remnants of the Indo Java rule, and many elite Hindus from Manchu and Boli fled to Bali.
2. The rise of the Muslim kingdom
The earliest Islamic missionaries were known as "Wali Songo". Several of them came from China and were believed to have engaged in overseas trade with Zheng He at that timeMalacca StraitIts influence has a lot to do with it. The tombs of many missionaries are well preserved today.While Islam was accepted, its teachings were also integrated into some beliefs of local people for a long time, so Islam in Java Island has obvious local characteristics.
Muslim businessmen have visited the Indonesian archipelago for centuries, but it was only in the 15th century that the Kingdom of Manobashir felt the serious impact of the competition of Muslim businessmen.When Muslimsinternational tradeWith the continuous development of the Internet in this area, the Javanese along the coast are faced with two choices: to fight or unite with Muslims.Finally, many Javanese and Muslims united.At the beginning of the 16th century, many ports in East Java were completely divorced from the dying Manabashi Empire.Several Muslim kingdoms have also been established in Central Java and West Java, partly because Sundanese in West Java was less affected by Indian colonialism in an earlier period, so they could quickly adapt to Islam.In the 16th century, Padjang, Matalan, Preanger, Cheribon and Bantam became independent Muslim countries in Java.Among them, Matalan once controlled East Java and Central Java in the 1580s, which was the last big Java kingdom.
In 1596, a Dutch ship visited Java for the first time. The Dutch East India Company quickly established a number of trade ports along the coast, and（Jakarta）The city sets up a headquarters.The city was controlled by the Netherlands in 1619.From 1628 to 1629, the Malay army besieged Badavia twice, and both failed（Battles of Badavia）。
From the 1670s, the Dutch East India Company began to claim that it controlled various Muslim kingdoms in Java.In the last 25 years of the 17th century, some Muslim kingdoms in West Java recognized the company'sDominionIn 1743, the northern and northeastern parts of central Java also followed suit.In 1755, the remainder of the Mataland Kingdom was divided into two DutchDependent country：Sulakarta(Surakarta) and Yogyakarta.Under the Dutch forced delivery system to local nobles, Java farmers planted rice, sophora japonica, sugar, pepper, coffee and other crops.The Dutch are cruelcolonial ruleIt has aroused the continuous resistance of the Javanese people.
In 1799, the Dutch East India Company was closed, and the Dutch government took over Java'sexecutive power。From 1811 to 1816, Java was ruled by Britain for a short time, and later it was still under the jurisdiction of the Netherlands.From 1825 to 1830, the Javanese National People's Congress Uprising led by Tibbonigoro took place, and the Netherlands paid a great price to suppress this rebellion.In 1830, the Dutch rulers began to implement the so-called "farming system" (in Dutch, culturostelsel en culturoprocenten) in disguised form of slavery, which led to widespread famine and poverty.Then various political and social resistance movements took place. One of the Dutch writers named Multituli wrote a novel called Max Havelaar to protest against theSocial situation。
Throughout the 19th centuryNetherlands East IndiesIn China, Java has the most concentrated development and the strictest rule.So Java naturally became Indonesia in the early 20th centurynationalismCenter of.Forced by the rise and fall of various resistance movements, in 1901 the Dutch Congress passed the Ethic Policy (Etnisch beleid), which objectively exposed some Javanese to Dutch education. Among these people, there were many outstanding Indonesian nationalists, andWorld War IIAfter that, Indonesia played an important role in the independence movement.Since 1903, the number of Javanese serving in local governments has increased.In 1925, Indonesians held the majority of seats in the People's Assembly.
During the Dutch colonial period, the Qing Dynasty called Java "Karopa".clearYu Zhengxie"Guisi Class Draft, Postscript of Macao Chronicle": "October, 55th year of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor ShengzurenXin HaiHoly precept: I have visited overseas companiesLuzonAnd Karopa.Garoba is the place where Hongmao berths, Luzong is the place where Western berths, where there are many thieves hiding. "Xu JiyuOn《A Brief History of Ying Huan》A book named《Island Yizhi》, written in the 56th year of Qianlong's reign, byWang Dahai。Wang Dahai,Zhangzhou PrefectureLongxi CountyXu Jiyu said that he had been living in Karopa for ten yearskapitan A home "."Karoba" generally refers to Java Island: "Jiabitan" is the transliteration of Kapitan, the Dutch word is Kapitein, and the Chinese word means captain.
The inhabitants of Java belong toMongolianThe marine branch (or southern branch) of.There are three mainEthnic groupsThat is, the dominant Javanese, Sundanese and Madurai, as well as two smaller ethnic groups: Tengger and Badui.Javanese account for nearly 70% of Java's population, mainly living in the central and eastern parts of the island.The Sunda people mainly live in the west, while the Madura people live in the east of Java andMadura Island。The languages of the three major ethnic groups belong toAustronesian language familyMost people are Muslims.In addition, there are about 2-3 million Chinese.
Java is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.Average persquare kilometre770 people.The area of Java Island is only 7% of the national land, and its population accounts for the majority of Indonesia's population.Java's population growth rate has always been high;In 1815, the population was about 5 million, and at the beginning of the 21st century, it grew to about 100 million.The vast majority of the population is still in rural areas, but Java's cities have grown rapidly.The main cities are Jakarta, BandungSemarang（Semarang）、Surabaya(Surabaya), Surakarta（Thoreau ）And Yogyakarta.The rural population density is the highest in the Central South Plain and the Northern Plain.
Economics
More than 2/3 of the land on the island has been reclaimed, mainlygrain cropsIt's rice.It is formed bycanal, dam, ditch and reservoirIrrigation network, which greatly contributes to the rice production on the island.Other crops includeMaize、cassava, peanuts, soybeans andSweet potatoMost of them are planted in low-lying areas and operated by farmers on small plots of land.Terraced hillsides and irrigated hillsidesPaddy fieldIt is the most common feature in rural scenes.Production of kapoksesame, vegetablesBanana, MangoDurianFruitcitrusandvegetable oilFor local consumption.Export of tea, coffee, tobaccorubber, Cinchona (the raw material of quinine, planted in the highlands of West Java), sugarcane, kapok (planted in the east of the island) and coconut.Among these crops for sale, several were once used in large familiesPlantationMedium planting.raiselivestock, especiallybuffalo, mainly used as draft animals.inputSalted fishandDried fishHowever, fish are also raised in ponds and rice fields in Central Java and West Java.Made in JavaquinineIt accounts for the vast majority of the world's quinine output.
The Arjuna oil field off the northwest coast is the main source of Indonesian oil.There is oneNatural gas pipelineConnect these fields to Cilegon.In Cilacap, Jepu and SurabayaRefinery。A small amount of manganese, sulfurphosphate, gold and silver.Small scale manufacturing includesBatik printingProduction of cast iron, silverware processing, farm implements, tanned leather, ceramic tiles and other ceramic products.Larger industries include textileRubber products, automobile assembly, wine making, and factories producing shoes, paper, soap, cement, and cigarettes.
Near PurwakartaJatiluhu(Jatiluhur) dam is the largest dam in Indonesia.A developed railway andhighway networkConnect major cities.Jakarta has a national wireless power grid headquarters and ainternational airport。Surabaya and nearby JakartaTanjung Priok (Tanjungpriuk) is the main port.
cultural heritage
Indo Java architecture from the 3rd to the 16th century, including the large Borobudurstupa （stupa, built around 800) and Meidu Temple;Sewu Buddhist Temple (built in the 9th century);Splendid Siva Temple PulanBanan(Prambanan, 9th century);Jalatunda (built at the end of the 10th century) and Belahan (built at the middle of the 11th century);And the circular Hindu temple of Jabung (built in the 10th century).
In Yogyakarta in the middle of Java, about 40 kilometers northwest, there is a group ofBorobudur Pagoda, called andPyramid、Angkor Wat, Wanlithe Great Wall、Taj Mahal、the Leaning Tower of PisaAnd one of the seven wonders of architecture in the world.These are built on hillsStone carving art, experienced war, earthquakeVolcano eruptionAnd religious disputes and other natural and man-made disasters. In the long years, the lush branches and roots of tropical trees not only cracked the rocks of the pagoda, but also covered the temple on the hill.
The so-called Borobudur, according to IndonesiaVernacularExplain that it means "temple on the hill", and usually "pagoda" means "pagoda".Borobudurbuilding structureDifferent from the general stylebuddhist temple It is said that looking down from the sky, the whole building forms a geometric mandala, that is, a tower with wide bottom and narrow upper layers.After obtainingthe United NationsAfter the confirmation of UNESCO, large-scale and comprehensive excavation and restoration began from 1973 to 1983.
2. Prambanam
In the same era when the Borobudur was built,HindusNot to be outdone.About 16 kilometers northeast of Yogyakarta, a huge temple group with 237 large and small temples was built, named "Prambanam".However, due to the same architecture as Angkor Wat and its size is far smaller than Angkor Wat, Prambanam is less well-known than Borobudur.
Among Indonesia's more than 13700 islands, Java, which only accounts for 7% of the country's territory, belongs tothe bestIsland.The capital is concentrated hereJakartaSurabaya, the second largest city, Bandung, the third largest city, Semarang, the third largest port and the famousHistoric cityYogyakarta、BogorAnd other major industries and commercetourist city。In terms of transportation, the railway length of Java Island accounts for 75% of the whole country, so it is not difficult to see the important position of Java Island in Indonesia.
social customs and habits
An interesting marriage custom is popular on Java Island.When the groom goes to the bride's house to greet the bride, the bride's family will put a silver plate in front of him.Put a raw food on the plateeggThe groom should step on it barefoot in public.This means that the groom will always love the bride and will not change his mind even if he is shattered.Then the bride smiled, took water and knelt down to wash the groom's feet to show her gratitude and obedience.
overseas Chinese
There are about 2-3 million overseas Chinese on Java Island.In retrospect, as early as BC, Chinese people had crossed the sea to Java Island.Statues, pottery and thin green glazed dragon spoons of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 25 AD) were found on Java Island.NetherlandsarchaeologistDe Frings studied the Chinese pottery unearthed in Indonesia and concluded that the Chinese had crossed the seas and set foot on Indonesian territory as far as 2000 years ago, and some might have settled down in Bandan, West Java.
Eminent Monk in the Eastern Jin DynastyFaxianI went to India by land to get scripturesJin An EmperorYixiIn the seventh year (AD 411), he drifted to Yapoti (Java Island).Faxian is the first Chinese to visit Java Island mentioned in Chinese historical records.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty (9th century), some residents along the southeast coast of ChinaHuangchao UprisingAnd fled to the Three BuddhasJugang。Southern Song Dynasty(12-13th century AD) Indonesian Chinese society took initial shape.At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (from the middle of the 14th century to the beginning of the 15th century), the Indonesian Chinese society has been very prosperous.
Follow in the 15th centuryZheng He's voyages in the South Seas as far as AfricaOfMahuaBy《Enjoying the World》The Java article reads: "The Manchu people are Boyi... the third class of the state,... the first class of the Tang people are all people from Zhangquan, Guangdong and other places who have fled here... Most of them are fasting from the Muslim religious sect." This shows that before Zheng He arrived in Java, there were some Chinese, and some of them were Chinese Muslims.
In the late Qing Dynasty, "going to Nanyang" made the number of Chinese increase sharply.It may reach more than 30 million at most.
For a long time, Chinese people have worked hard and got along well with local people.Since the end of the 16th century, Indonesia's friendly relations with China have been sufferingColonistInterference and destruction.Since then, especially in the past hundred years, the two peoples have resistedColonialismIn the struggle against foreign aggression, we share weal and woe and support each other.They fought side by side in the struggle against colonialism.The Chinese Anti Dutch Uprising in Batavia in 1740 (the Red Stream Incident) is a shining example.1945Republic of IndonesiaSince its establishment, Chinese have also made contributions to safeguarding Indonesia's independence and developing its economy.1956Sukarno When the President visited Guangzhou, he paid tribute to the overseas Chinese leaders who had supported the struggle of the Indonesian peopleHuang JieHe said, "We got your help at the most difficult time. Let's thank you again."
In the long-term cultural and trade exchanges, the Chinese have played an important roleBridge action。In 1955, Indonesian Prime Minister Shastro Amizoyo pointed out that "Indonesia and China have always been friendly neighbors since the first maritime trade between our two countries. China's ships not only brought goods, but also many Chinese businessmen, workers andhandicraftsmanThey settled down in our country and brought Chinese technology and ancient culture. Until today, many islands in our country still retain the essence of these cultures. "
However, since the 1960s when Indonesian soldiers came to power, the Indonesian regime began to exclude China on a large scale.They slaughtered more than 500000 Chinese in the name of the "Qing Communist Party",The People's Republic of ChinaSo he broke off with them.By 1998, the anti Chinese riots in Indonesia had begun again, and thousands of Chinese had been killed, while the Chinese on Java Island were often the first to bear the brunt.
