This fire particle can combine with other elements to form a compound, or free Mode exists. A large number of free fire particles gather together to form an obvious flame, which diffuses in the atmosphere and gives people a sense of heat. The element of fire composed of such fire particles is "phlogiston". [1] This idea is wrong. British chemist in 1673 Boyle After calcining the metal, he found that the metal became heavier. He thought it was an invisible "phlogiston" that combined with the metal to form ash when burning. As the ash has more phlogiston, it will become heavier. Boyle believed that metal (or other substances)+phlogiston=ash.
In 1703, medical professor Org Ernst Starr put forward another opinion. He believed that all combustible materials contain phlogiston. When the material burns, the phlogiston will be separated. The heat, light and flame generated during combustion are all violent phenomena when the phlogiston escapes.
Starr's phlogiston theory explained some phenomena that could not be explained at that time, so it was approved by many scientists at that time. They believe that phlogiston is filled between heaven and earth, flowing in the thunder and lightning clouds. It is found on the earth, in the sky, in the sea, on the land, in animals, plants, minerals, and in people's hearts. The atmosphere contains phlogiston, which will cause lightning in the air and make the atmosphere turbulent; Living things are full of vitality if they contain phlogiston; An inanimate substance containing phlogiston will burn. Phlogiston not only has a variety of mechanical properties, but also, like the soul, itself is a kind of motivation, which is the "power of fire". The object loses phlogiston and becomes dead ash. The ash gains phlogiston and the object will revive.
When the substance is heated, the phlogiston does not decompose automatically. The combustion can be realized only by adding air to draw out the phlogiston; Superior air has the property of absorbing phlogiston.
Corrosive agent captures the phlogiston in the metal, and the metal is corroded; When metals are calcined, they lose their noble light and become dross - when they are given phlogiston, they become arrogant again.
The more phlogiston in an object, the more it burns; If it contains less phlogiston, it will burn weakly. Good air has the property of absorbing phlogiston, so objects can only burn in air; All entities are composed of the basic substances (elements) shared by the object and the unique "aura" of the object, and can be separated by fire refining. When the entity is heated, "Reiki" will escape from the entity.
Since the mass of metals and other substances increases after oxidation, some scientists believe that phlogiston and "aura" are mutually exclusive with the earth's center and have negative weight (so-called "light weight"), so when metals lose phlogiston, their weight increases instead. Some people say that the loss of phlogiston in metal is like the loss of soul in the living, so just as the dead body is heavier than the living, the ash of "death" is naturally heavier than the living metal.
At that time, people believed that there was phlogiston, so once people did not know it, they said it was because of "so and so element". For example, when someone asked why iron has weight, they said, "Iron has heavy element" and so on.
However, the phlogiston theory had many loopholes, so it was questioned by some people in 1756 Romonosov Experiments proved that phlogistology was wrong, but people still believed in phlogistology until the late 19th century, around 1890 Romonosov Only then can our experiments and views be recognized. The phlogiston theory plunged scientists into chaos for nearly a century, slowed down the chemical development at that time to a certain extent, and thus left indelible traces in history.
