Oil burning boiler refers to the boiler using oil as fuel, including diesel, waste oil and other oil boilers.General layout andCoal fired boilerSimilarly, only the bottom of the furnace of oil fired boiler is usually made into an insulated furnace bottom inclined 10 °~30 ° to the back wall to obtain good combustion characteristics.In order to atomize the fuel oil,Oil burnerThere are two types of fuel injection nozzles: mechanical centrifugal fuel injection nozzle and steam atomized Y-type fuel injection nozzle.
Chinese name
Oil fired boiler
Foreign name
oil-burning boiler
Definition
Boiler using oil as fuel
Classification
Boilers including diesel oil, waste oil and other oils
Oil nozzle
Centrifugal fuel injector and Y-type fuel injector
Oil fired boiler includes oil fired boilerOil fired hot water boilerOil fired heating boiler, oil fired bath boilerOil fired steam boilerOil fired boiler refers to the boiler using light oil (such as diesel oil, kerosene), heavy oil, residual oil or crude oil as fuel.Oil fired boiler andGas fired boiler、Electric heating boilerIn comparison, oil fired boilers are more economical than electric heating boilers and more convenient than gas fired boilers.With the development of economy, the progress of society and the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, coal-fired boilers are gradually out of sight due to serious pollution, and are replaced by new environmental digital boilers, such as electric heating boilers, oil fired boilers, gas fired boilers, etc. Electric heating boilers are the most expensive to operate, and gas fired boilers need to open gas pipelines. If there is no natural gas pipeline,In addition, we hope that the operating cost of the boiler is low, so we can only choose the oil fired boiler.The oil fired boiler is heated by the burner. The oil atomization effect is good, the fuel is fully burned, and the chimney cannot see black smoke, so the oil fired boiler is green, efficient and energy-saving.
The fuel oil is sprayed into the furnace through the burner and becomes a mist like oil drop, which is easy to mix with air and burn rapidly and release heat rapidly.With the same parameters and capacityCoal fired boilerIn comparison, the heat intensity of the furnace volume can be doubled.However, in order to reduce the heat load in the burner area and avoid overheating of the water wall tubes in this area, the furnace volume is only reduced by about 1/3.In addition, because the ash content in the fuel oil is very small, it will not cause slagging on the convection heating surface, so the flue gas temperature at the furnace outlet can reach 1300~1350 ℃, and the pitch between the tubes of the convection heating surface can be reduced to increase the flue gas flow rate, thus improving the heat transfer coefficient of the heating surface and saving the heating area and steel materials.In order to preventair preheaterSpontaneous combustion occurs due to carbon black and oil dirt accumulated on these parts. Generally, these parts must be installedSteam soot blowerTo keep the heating surface clean.At the same time, since the fuel oil does not form coke, it can be usedMembrane water wallThe micro positive pressure (500~1000 N/m) boiler is made.It can eliminate the induced draft fan and exhaust the flue gas out of the furnace only with the forced draft fan.If the overall shell of the boiler is made of thick steel plate, it can also be made into a positive pressure (0.3~0.6 MPa) boiler, which can make the overall structure of the boiler more compact and is mostly used in gas steam combined cycle generator units.[1]
Product classification
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Oil fired boiler can be divided into light oil boiler and heavy oil boiler according to different fuel oils. Light oil refers to diesel oil or kerosene, etc;Heavy oil refers to the residual heavy oil after extracting gasoline and diesel from crude oil.Oil fired boilers can be divided into oil fired boilers according to their purposeswater boiler Oil fired hot water boiler, oil fired heating boiler, oil fired bathtub boiler, oil fired steam boiler, etc.
Product differentiation
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The fuel of oil fired boiler is oil (such as diesel, engine oil, kerosene, etc.), and the fuel of gas fired boiler is gas (such as natural gas, city gas, biogas, etc.). The equipment that depends on what fuel the boiler burns is called burner, and the configurationGas burnerThe boiler ofOil burnerOur boiler is called oil fired boiler. The difference between oil fired boiler and gas fired boiler lies in what kind of fuel burner is used for combustion.
Fuel injection nozzle
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Mechanical centrifugal fuel injection nozzle
The pressure of the oil fed into the burner (2~3.9 MPa) makes the oil flow into the atomizing sheet with tangential groove from many fine channels, and then enters the vortex chamber in the center of the atomizing sheet at a high speed to rotate at a high speed and spray out and form a hollow conical atomizing torch.The fuel injection nozzle has two forms: simple mechanical type and return type.The former has simple structure, but poor fuel injection regulation.WhenBoiler loadWhen changing, the oil pressure must be changed to change the injection quantity.However, the atomization quality is poor when the oil pressure decreases, so it is only suitable for boilers with basic load or without frequent load adjustment.The latter is to allow part of the oil flowing into the vortex chamber from the tangential groove to flow to the return pipeline through the oil hole before exiting the jet hole, and adjust the injection quantity (i.e. return adjustment) by changing the return quantity.Since the oil pressure entering the vortex chamber is basically unchanged, the atomization quality of oil is not affected, so it can adapt to large load changes.Oil return can be divided into single hole oil return and multi hole oil return.
Steam atomizing Y-type fuel injector
The spray of high-speed steam flow is used to atomize the oil.The nozzle head consists of oil hole, steam hole and mixing hole in a Y-shaped arrangement.The oil pressure is 0.5~2 MPa, and the steam pressure is 0.6~1 MPa.Oil and steam enter the mixing hole and collide with each other to form an emulsified oil vapor mixture, and then spray into the furnace from the mixing hole to form an atomizing torch.In terms of regulation, maintain the steam pressure unchanged and adjust the oil pressure to change the injection quantity.Oil burnerThe utility model is composed of an oil injection nozzle and an air regulator. The function of the former is to form an atomizing torch for the fuel oil sprayed into the furnace;The function of the latter is to supply the oil drops in the atomizing torch with an appropriate amount of air.In order to avoid hydrocarbon cracking of oil and gas evaporated from atomized oil droplets under the condition of oxygen deficiency at 700 ℃ or above, which will produce carbon black particles that are difficult to burn out, some air and oil mist must be premixed to oxidize the oil and gas without cracking.Therefore, the air regulator can be designed as a volute or equipped with an adjustable opening guide vane to rotate the air, and then the rotating air flow is ejected from the round pipe in the center of the volute to mix well with the atomizing oil torch.Oil burner is also likePulverized coal burnerIt can be arranged on the front wall, front and rear walls, furnace top or four corners of the furnace. According to the capacity of the boiler, each boiler can be equipped with 8~40 oil burners.[2]
Classification description
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Oil and gas fired boiler
Oil and gas fired boilerUnlike coal-fired boilers, they need to use burners to inject fuel into the furnace of the boiler, and use fire chambers for combustion without using grate facilities.Since no fuel ash is generated after combustion of oil and gas fired boilers, no slag removal facilities are required for oil and gas fired boilers.If the oil gas injected into the furnace is mixed or extinguished with air within a certain range, it is easy to explode.Therefore, automatic combustion and control systems are required for oil and gas fired boilers.Oil and gas fired boiler is compact and smallBoiler bodyIts ventilation, water supply, control and auxiliary equipment are all set on the same chassis. Large and medium-sized ones can also be assembled and delivered.
Oil fired boiler
Oil fired boiler is also called oil fired boiler, oil fired tea stove, oil fired tea stove, oil fired drinking water boiler, etc. It is a kind of domestic boiler and belongs to the category of normal pressure civil boiler.The boiler uses fuel oil as fuel to heat water through the burner. When the water temperature reaches the set water temperature (boiling waterthermal insulation water tankConnected, it can meet the boiling water demand of centralized water supply units such as hospitals and schools.
Oil fired hot water boiler
Oil fired hot water boiler refers to the boiler whose fuel is mainly fuelautomatic control systemIt is equipped with a number of safety protection devices, including water shortage protection, overpressure protection, flameout protection, abnormal pressure protection, and flue overtemperature protection;The structure adopts high and new technology. It has the advantages of small size, compact structure, convenient installation, simple operation, automatic adjustment, pressurizing the fuel to atomization, micro positive pressure combustion to make its natural fuel combustion more fully, reduce fuel loss and gas emissions. It is the most convenient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly product for the use of modern industrial steam.
Oil fired steam boiler
The oil (gas) steam boiler adopts a horizontal internal combustion full wet back, high-efficiency threaded smoke pipe, and is equipped with a perfect insulation outsourcing design. The thermal efficiency of the boiler is up to more than 85%. The product is novel in design, reasonable in structure, and good in process performance, which makes this product have outstanding quality.
boiler maintenance
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Maintenance method for oil fired boiler when it is not used for a long time: there are two methods: dry method and wet method. Dry maintenance method shall be adopted if the boiler is shut down for more than one month, and wet maintenance method can be adopted if the boiler is shut down for less than one month.
(1) Dry maintenance method: after the boiler is shut down, the boiler water is discharged, the internal dirt is thoroughly removed, washed, dried in the furnace with a low fire (be careful not to fire), and then the block quicklime with a diameter of 10-30mm is put in trays and placed in the drum to prevent quicklime from contacting metal. The weight of quicklime is calculated as 8kg per cubic meter of drum volume,Then close all manhole and handhole pipeline valves and check them every three months. If the quicklime is broken, it needs to be replaced immediately. When the boiler is re operated, the quicklime and tray should be taken out.
(2) Wet maintenance method: after the boiler is shut down, drain the boiler water, thoroughly remove the internal dirt, flush it, refill the treated water to full capacity, heat the boiler water to 100 ℃, let the gas in the water drain out of the boiler, and then close all valves. The wet maintenance method cannot be used in cold climates to prevent the boiler water from freezing and damaging the boiler.[2]
