Combustible substances that can generate heat or power and light energy when burning
Fuel engineering: combustible substances that can produce heat energy or power and light energy when burning, mainly carbonaceous substances or hydrocarbons.It can be divided into solid fuels (such as coal, carbon and wood) according to the form;liquid fuel(such as gasoline, kerosene, petroleum, diesel);Gaseous fuels (such as natural gas, gas, biogas).
3. Materials that can produce nuclear energy, such as uranium, plutonium, etc.
Some gaseous fuels can be compressed into liquids, such as liquefied petroleum gas
Technical characteristics
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Crude oil: refers to the natural crude oil mined, excluding crude oil refined from oil shale, etc.
2. Orinoco emulsified oil: an asphaltic high viscosity oil produced in Orinoco River Oilfield, Venezuela, South America, with water content of 30% formed by emulsification.In this emulsified oil, water is a continuous phase in the form of "oil in water", in which the asphalt oil particles are generally about 10 μ m.The fluidity of emulsified oil is better than that of crude oil;It is more difficult to ignite than crude oil, and the flash point is greater than 120 ℃;Low calorific value27 ～ 29MJ/kg;Its stability drops sharply beyond 5~70 ℃ until demulsification, that is, oil-water separation, forming asphalt blocks that are not suitable for burning.
3. Oil shale, also known as oil shale, is formed by the deposition of silt, silt and organic matter decomposed by low-level biological residues.Under the activity of anaerobic bacteria, organic matter, through the process of leaching and mixing with silt, silt, etc., forms sapropel substances with more mineral impurities, which are deposited deep underground and become oil shale through physical and chemical processes such as diagenesis and volatile matter loss.The oil shale is light brown to dark brown, dull and lusterless, and shale oil can be obtained by dry distillation.The shale oil can be refined into gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, lubricating oil and paraffin.Oil content and calorific value are important process indicators for industrial use of oil shale. The minimum oil content required by industry is more than 4%, and the calorific value is generally about 8.4 megajoules/kg, which is 25%~50% of coal.
4. Oil master shale oil: shale oil can be obtained by breaking the oil shale and heating it to about 500 ℃.China often calls shale oil artificial oil.Generally speaking, 38 to 378 liters (equivalent to 0.3 to 3.2 barrels) of shale oil can be extracted from 1 ton of oil shale.After hydrocracking and refining of shale oil, a variety of chemical products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, paraffin, and tar can be obtained.
