A gaseous planet whose orbit is very close to its host star
Hot Jupiter means that its orbit is very close to its hostfixed starOfJupiter like planetSuch planets can be found in other galaxies.They can be larger than Jupiter, and their orbits can be comparableMercuryreachsunlightThe distance is closer, up to 0.05 astronomical unit (7.48 million kilometers).
It is believed that gas disks are formed and matter is compressed around 2.7 astronomical units (403.92 million kilometers) away from the main star.At this distance, there are enough solid materials to form nuclei, and enough gas to formGiant planet。When its mass reaches the dangerous boundary of about 1 Jupiter mass, the gravitational attraction between it and the protoplanetary disk makes the planet loseangular momentumSo as to approach spirallyPrimary star。
Chinese name
Hot Jupiter
Foreign name
Hot Jupiter
Quality
106 times the mass of the earth - 20 times the mass of Jupiter
Hot Jupiter is a kind of starJupiter like planetThe temperature is up to 1000~4600 ℃.Their revolution is relatively short, less than 5 daysrevolutionOne week.As they are too close to the main star, their gas isStellar windContinuous stripping.Finally, it will form an imageCoRoT-7bIn the same way, there is only one rock core left, which is even torn up and "eaten" by the parent star.
Hot Jupiter also has the following characteristics:
1. For thePlanetary systemFor outside observers, they have more opportunities than planets with the same mass but farther away from the host starTransit。
2. The density is lower than expected due to the high sunshine rate.And because of the surrounding dark effect caused by the background during the transit, it is difficult to measure the radius and the boundary of the initial and final tangents of the planet.
3. They are believed to exist in the extreme position close to the host star after the planetary orbital migration.Because there is not enough material in such a close position to the star to generate such massive planets in situ.
The first hot Jupiter - Bole Luofeng
fourEccentricity of trackAll very low.This is because their orbits are circular, or they are rounded through the process of libration.This also results in the same period of revolution and rotation of the planet, so the planet always faces the host star on the same side, which is calledTidal locking 。
Detection and significance
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Hot Jupiter
According to NASA,Spitzer Space Telescope It is the first time to capture the light emitted by planets outside the solar system, and the planet spectrum obtained from this makes scientists hopeful to determine the molecular composition of the atmosphere of planets in outer space.This discovery is of milestone significance. Scientists have taken an important step in exploring potential life on outer space planets.
The Spitzer Space Telescope obtained detailed spectral information of two transiting planets outside the solar system using the "secondary Eclipse" technology.These two gas planets are what scientists call "Hot Jupiter", and their names are HD 209458b and HD 189733b respectively.What the theoretical researchers know about "hot Jupiter" is that the data shows that these two planets are drier than expected. They are covered by clouds, and the atmosphere does not contain a lot of water.
Jeremy Richardson of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and other astronomers believe that water may be covered by thick anhydrous silicate clouds detected by the spectrum at high altitude.Their paper on the spectral description of HD 209458b planet has been published in the journal Nature on February 22.
In addition to Richardson's teamCalifornia Institute of TechnologyTwo research groups led by Dr. Carl Grillmair of NASA Spitzer Science Center and Mark R. Swain of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the United States also observed HD 189733b and HD 209458b respectively, and reached similar conclusions.Their research conclusions are expected to be published on the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
In the new horizon Extreme Weather, it is said that the wind speed on Hot Jupiter can reach more than 9600 km/h, which means that the wind maintains the heat balance on both sides of Hot Jupiter.
In 2021, Giacobbe et al. (2021) made four transit observations of hot Jupiter HD 209458b using the GIANO-B spectrometer (July 7, 2018, August 29, 2018, August 27, 2019 and September 3, 2019). Through detailed analysis of the spectral data of these four transit observations, six molecules were detected simultaneously in the atmosphere of hot Jupiter HD 209458b for the first time:H2O(water),HCN(hydrogen cyanide),C2H2(acetylene), CO (carbon monoxide), NH3 (ammonia) and CH4 (methane).[2]
Causing problems
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Since the orbit of hot Jupiter is within the Alfven radius of the star, direct magnetic interaction with the star surface is possible (Preusse et al., 2005).This interaction may change the structure of stellar wind, corona, chromosphere, sunspot and spectral region.[1]
