Volcanic eruption is a kind ofnatural phenomena。The reason is that the molten material inside the earth is ejected under pressure.Volcanic types includeActive volcano、Extinct volcanoandDormant volcano。The only way to control volcanic activity is to prevent in advance.
WorldvolcanoThey are diverse, and their strength is also different.
IndonesiaSongbagui IslandOnTambora Volcano, is a volcano of "temper".When it broke out on April 5, 1815, the explosion shockedsumatraThe smoke and dust make the area within 480km dark.
The eruption lasted more than three months, spewing 150 cubic kilometers of material, cutting 1250 meters off the mountain top and forming an 11 km long crater.The energy of this volcanic eruption is equivalent to that of China in 1976Tangshan Earthquake500 times the energy released.
hawaiian islandsThe upper volcano is "temperamental" and docile. When it eruptsLavaIt just flows out quietly, forming a spectacularLava FallsAnd lava rivers.
Formation principle
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The temperature and density of the earth's interior are uneven, forming mantle convection or mantle plume in the interior of the mantle.When the high-temperature material rises to the shallow part of the earth, partial melting occurs due to the reduction of pressure.Under the action of external force, these molten materials converge and form magma pockets in the shallow part of the earth.When the pressure of magma pocket is greater than the pressure of stratum, magma will break through the crust along faults or weak places, causing volcanic eruption.
Another kind of volcano is caused by plate interaction, for example, in the subduction zone or collision zone of the plate, local high temperature is formed due to friction, and the dehydration of some water bearing minerals also reduces the melting point of rocks. At this time, magma pockets will also be formed, thus triggering volcanic activity.
Volcanic type
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The Tambora volcano and the volcanoes on the Hawaiian Islands mentioned earlier are still active. This is the active volcano.
An extinct volcano refers to a volcano that has been active before history, but has no eruption record in history.Most of the more than 600 volcanoes in China are extinct.
Some volcanoes have activity records in history, but have not been active since then. This kind of volcano is called dormant volcano.A dormant volcano may suddenly "wake up" and become an active volcano.
Special significance
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Violent volcanic eruptions will devour and destroy large areas of land, burning a large number of lives and properties to ashes.What is surprising is that volcanoes are often located in densely populated areas,JapanThis is the case around Mount Nasu and Mount Fuji.It turns out that the volcanic eruptionashIt is a good natural fertilizer,FujiMulberry trees in the area grow very well, which is conducive to sericulture;Mount Vesuvius is rich in grapes.Volcanic areas have unique scenes and often become tourist attractions.[1-2]
Fire prevention
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Before humans can control volcanic activity, strengthening prediction is to preventVolcanic disasterThe only way.Seismic detection of volcanic activity is a common method.Scientists' research on volcanic eruptions often benefits from some sudden changes in animals and plants.Many animals often flee before the eruption of the volcano, as if they knew that a disaster was imminent.
In IndonesiaJavaThere is a strange plant on it that will blossom before the eruption of the volcano. The local residents call it "volcano"Alarm flower”。
