Honolulu is the United StatesHawaiiCapital, located in HawaiiOahuIn the southeast, the urban area extends on the coastal plain, and the climate is mild all year round. Honolulu is named afterhawaiian, which means "the bay of shielding".Due to early local productionSandalwoodAnd a large number of them were shipped to China, which was called Honolulu by Chinese.
Honolulu covers an area of 177.2 square kilometers and has a population of 345000 (2019)[2]。Metropolitan areas includeOahuEach county has a total area of 1544 square kilometers and a population of about 950000, accounting for about 70% of the population of Hawaii.The climate throughout the year is mild, with an average annual temperature of 24 ℃,Annual precipitationMore than 600 mm, tourism is an important pillar of the city's economy, and tourism revenue ranks first in all industries of the city[2]。It was a small Polynesian village in the early 19th century becauseSandalwoodTrade and rise as whaling base, 1850Kingdom of HawaiiThe capital, Hawaii was annexed by the United States on July 7, 1898, was established as a city in 1909, and became the United States on August 21, 1959HawaiiCapital.
Honolulu is located in the southeast of Oahu Island, Hawaii, the United States. Its urban area extends to about 30 kilometersCoastal plainUp, north byVolcanismThe formed Ko'olau crestline is adjacent to the souththe pacific ocean, although located intropic, but becausehawaiian islandsLocated in the middle of the Pacific Ocean and Californiaocean currentThe temperature can be adjusted, so the climate throughout the year is mild and pleasant.Maximum and minimum in JanuaryDaily mean temperature18-27 ℃, 23-31 ℃ in JulyMaximum temperatureThe temperature is rarely higher than 33.5 ℃, while the temperature below 15 ℃ only occurs once or twice a year, which is a historical recordmaximum temperatureIt appeared on September 14, 1994, at 35 ℃, and the lowest temperature was recorded as 11.6 ℃. It appeared on January 31, 1998, January 20, 1969, January 1 and 2, 1976, February 9, 1981, and January 12, 1983, respectivelynortheasterly wind，Annual precipitationIt is more than 600 mm, and the mountain area is more than 2000 mm. The vegetation is green all the year round, the air is fresh, and the scenery is beautiful.
Most of the city's commercial and industrial development is located in the narrow but flat coastal plain;Many valleys and ridges on the plain also divide Honolulu into several residential areas: some are built along the valleys, such as Manoa in the Manoa Valley, and some are on the ridges.There are several in the suburbs of HonoluluVolcanic cone, including Punchbow, Diamond Mountain, Koko Head, Hanauma Bay, Cococrater, Salt Lake, and Alimanu crater.
Honolulu
historical background
Announce
edit
Honolulu City Emblem
More than 1000 years ago, Polynesians rowedcanoeTraveling thousands of kilometers to settle in Hawaii.At the end of the 18th century, they established theKingdom of Hawaii。British explorer in 1778james cook Sailing through here.William Brown, a British navigator, arrived here in 1794 and has since become a berth for passing ships.In 1894, a group of white outsiders raised the issue, abolished the throne, and established the Republic of Hawaii.At the beginning of the 19th centurySandalwoodTrade and the rise of whaling as a base, the increasing number of immigrants.It has been the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii since 1850.According to the timeaboriginesDifferent disputes over whether Hawaii will continue to be independent or belong to the United States have been carried outreferendum, finally decided to merge with the United States, 1898U.S. governmentIt announced the integration of Hawaii into the United States, and officially listed Hawaii as the 50th state of the United States in 1959.After Hawaii came to the United States, the United States began toOahuShangxinhaiair base。There are 7 largemilitary base15% of the city's population are military personnel and their families, with a considerable numberEmployeesIt serves various military facilities.Among the population of about 900000 in Honolulu and its suburbs, there are Japanese, Chinese, mainland Americans, Filipinos, Koreans, Spaniards, etc., in addition to Polynesian descendants. Asian descendants are the majority, and mixed race people account for more than 1/4, forming a rare mixed race society in the world.
Arizona Memorial
On December 7, 1941,JapanFascists dispatched more than 350 planes in two hoursAttack Pearl HarborIn the US military base, more than 40 US warships were damaged, more than 200 aircraft were destroyed, and more than 4000 US soldiers were killed. The main battleship "Arizona" was hit by a 1760 pound bomb and sank, and 1177 soldiers on board died.The heavy losses made the United States decide to invest inAnti-Fascist War Go to the middle.In 1962, a milky whiteArizona Memorial In memory foreverPearl Harbor IncidentAmerican soldiers killed in battle.In the solemn and simple hall of the Memorial Hall, people can still see theArizona battleshipremains.Honolulu has developed from a poor fishing village to a modern one after more than 100 years of developmenttourist cityandCommercial port。The attractive tropical scenery, charming beaches, exotic flowers and plants, and rich ethnic customs make it a popular tourist destination around the world. At most, tens of millions of tourists visit there every year.
Current Mayor
Announce
edit
Rick Bragiadi, Mayor of Honolulu (first from the right)[3]
The downtown business district of Honolulu is the economic, commercial andpolitical centerIn the coastal area, there is Aloha Tower, which has been the highest building in Hawaii for many years. At present, the highest building in Hawaii is the First Hawaiian Center, which is 137 meters long, located on Bishop Street and King and Bishop Street.
City Council District
Honolulu City Council is located in the west of the main urban area, adjacent toHawaiiThe Parliament Building, Iolani Palace, Honolulu City Hall, Hawaii State Library, and the statue of King Kamehameha are also located here.
Kakaako
Kaka ʻ ako is located in the main urban area andwaikiki Betweenlight industryAfter large-scale urban planning and reconstruction, the district has two major shopping areas, Ward Warehouse and Ward Center.
waikiki
waikiki (Waik ī k ī) is located at the Ala Wai Canal andthe pacific oceanBetween famous tourist attractions.There are many restaurants, shops, and the richnight lifeChoice, world famousWaikiki beach It attracts more than one million tourists every year. To the west of Waikiki is the world's largest open shopping center - Ala Moana Center,OahuMost hotels in Shanghai are located inwaikiki 。
Sandalwood Mountainthe pacific oceanThe central part is the hub and important port of the Pacific sea and air transportation, known as the "crossroads of the Pacific".This is from the west coast of the United StatesAustraliaAnd frompanama canalreachfar eastThe only route for ships and air routes across the PacificSubmarine cableIt also passed here,strategic roleIt is very important. Pearl Harbor, about 10 kilometers west of the city, is the main seaair baseOne is that the US Indo Pacific Command, which commands the US garrison in the Indo Pacific region, is here-Pacific regionThe center of the activity.
Honolulu Port YearthroughputWith a capacity of more than 8 million tons, it is a good deep-water port, an important gateway to Hawaii, and one of the important strongholds of trans Pacific maritime tradeCrossingPacific seagoingStopThe food, fuel and various industrial products needed by Hawaii are mostly imported through the port.
At present, the port near Aloha Tower Marketplace often berths many luxury passenger ships.
air transport
Daniel K. Inouye International Airport, located in the southwest of Honolulu downtown, is the main airport in Hawaiiair trafficgateway.In addition, there are many flightsAsiaJapan, South Korea, Mainland China, Taiwan,South Pacific OfSaipan, flights to cities in the United States and Hawaii.
①Intercontinental Highway H-1: Enter the urban area from the west, pass Hickam Air Force Base and Honolulu International Airport, and go north from Downtown to Makiki and Kaimuk ī, and end at Wai'alae/K ī hala.In the western area of Honolulu, the intercontinental highway H-1 connects with the intercontinental highway H-2 at Wahiaw Oshi(K ne 'ohe) is connected with H-3.
Pali Highway
②Intercontinental Highway H-201: Also known as "Moanalua Freeway".
Other expressways connecting Honolulu and other areas of Oahu are:
①Pali Highway: State Highway 61, passing through the Pali Tunnels to the windward side of Oahu Island at the north of Ko'olauKayKailua and K ne 'ohe.
②Likelike Highway: State Highway 63 viaWilsonWilson Tunnels connect Kailua and K â ne â he.
Honolulu photographed from the International Space Station
③Kalanianaole Highway: State Highway 72, starting from Wai'alae/K hala to the west, and bypassing the east of Oahu Island to Waim nalo Beach.
④Kamehameha Highway: State Highway 99 connects Aiea to the west from near Hickam Air Force Base, and finally passes through the middle of Oahu Island, ending at K â ne 'ohe.
Like most major cities in the United States, the traffic conditions in downtown Honolulu are very chaotic during peak hours, especially in the suburbs of Aiea, Pearl City, Waipahu and Mililani to the west.
Located near Downtown Business District in HonoluluHonolulu Academy of ArtsyesHawaiiThe most importantvisual artsActivity site。Honolulu Art Institute has the largest number of Western and Asian art collections in HawaiiDoris Duke TheatreAll year round, there are films about art and world movies.And on Machichi HeightsThe Contemporary MuseumIs the mainmodern artExhibition Hall.
A view of Foster Botanical Garden
gardening
①foster botanical garden (Foster Botanical Garden) covers an area of about 8 hectares. It is the oldest botanical garden in Hawaii and one of the registered national historic sites in the United States. It was built by German doctors in the middle of the 19th century. There are many hundred year old trees in the garden.
①The Bishop Museum isThe largest museum in Hawaii, with millions of pieces preservednatural history Specimens, as well as cultural relics in Hawaii and the Pacific region.
③Honolulu ZooAmong them are the Hawaiian state bird, the Hawaiian goose (Nene), and many precious birds listed for protectionbirds。
Hawaii Maritime Center
④HawaiiHawaii State Art Museum is located in the old downtown of HonoluluYMCA(YMCA) mainly displays the works of local artists.The collection of fine arts is also quite rich.
⑤Hawaii Maritime CenterLocated in Honolulu PortMarine MuseumIn addition to the exhibition themes of whaling history, shipping history and navigation culture in Hawaii, there is also a large sailboat with four masts, which is an imitation of ancient timesKalakawaThe King's Boat House was built.
⑧ Iolani Palace, builtKingdom of HawaiiTime is the only imperial palace in the United States.
motion
There is no professional sports team in Hawaii, but Honolulu will hold it every FebruaryNational Football League （NFL）Every season's Pro Bowl, and the American University Sports League（NCAA）Hawaii Bowl and Hula Bowl football match.andUniversity Of Hawaii University of Hawaii at ManoaAmerican football, volleyball, basketball and baseball games are supported by local sports fans.High schoolSports competition(Especially American football) is also very popular.Honolulu's main stadiums include:
Aloha Stadium
Les Murakami Stadium (Baseball)
Stan Sheriff Center (basketball and volleyball)
Neal Blaisdell Center Arena (basketball)
Due to the warm climate throughout the year, bodybuilding competitions are held in Honolulu all the year round.In 2004《Men's Fitness》(Men's Fitness) magazine named Honolulu as "America's Most Beautiful City".Honolulu is also the host of three major road running events:
Great Aloha Run: held every year on the anniversary of the President of the United States.
Honolulu Marathon: held on the second Sunday of December every year, there are more than 20000contestantHalf to two-thirds of the participants are from Japan.
HonoluluTriathlonHonolulu Triathlon: It was held for the first time in the preliminary of the "American Olympic Triathlon" held in 2004, and also the first time in HawaiiOlympicThe triathlon of standard length is held in May every year.
media
Main newspapers: Honolulu AdvertiserHonolulu Star-Bulletin
Main TV stations: KIKU, KITV4, KGMP9
Main radio station: KQMQ
Xingzhong Association
Announce
edit
Former Site of Xingzhonghui
Honolulu was the place where Sun Yat sen founded the Xingzhong Society. At the end of 1893, Sun Yat sen convenedZheng Shiliang、Ulay Waiting in GuangzhouGuangya Book CompanyNeinan Garden Anti wind Pavilion held a meeting to discuss the establishment of a“Dispel TartarsThe group with the purpose of "restoring China" failed.In the autumn of 1894, Sun Yat sen came to Honolulu from home, determined to form a revolutionary group, which was supported by dozens of local overseas Chinese. In November, he, the Chinese manager of the Bank in HonoluluLenient residenceThe founding meeting of the revolutionary group was held, attended by Sun Yat sen, He Kuan, Li Chang, Liu Xiang, Cheng WeinanDeng YinnanSun Yat sen presided over the meeting, proposed that the group should be named Xingzhong Association, and announced the proposed Xingzhong Association Constitution.The articles of association stipulate that Xingzhong Society should "revitalize China and maintainState System”For the purpose.The meeting elected Liu Xiang and He Kuan as the chairman and vice chairman of the association,Huang HuaHui is the treasury, Cheng Weinan and Xu Zhichen are the chief and deputy copywriters, Deng Yinnan and others are the chief managers.Filled in by the enrolleetreaty of alliance, taking the oath of "expel the Tartars, restore China, and establish the United Government".After the conference, more than 90 people joined in succession.Gehe and Maoyi in Hawaii set up branches,Sun MeiDeng Yinnan was appointed as Chairman.On November 24, they began to collect the members' basic silver and the membership shares' silver, and received a total of 1388 dollars. Later, Deng Yinnan sold off all his family property, and Sun Mei also sold some of his farm livestock at a low price, raising more than 6000 yuan as the fund for the future uprising. About the time and place of the founding of Xingzhong Society,native places of Mencius and Confucius respectivelyPublished in 1929《Historical Manuscript of the Chinese Kuomintang》China Claims was founded in 1892MacaoIn other words, laterFeng ZiyouAccording to the historical fact that Xingzhong Society was founded in Honolulu, the 124th meeting of the Seventh Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang decided to take November 24 every year as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Kuomintang on July 12, 1944.
Chinese footprint
Announce
edit
The Chinese have made immortal contributions to the development and prosperity of Honolulu. In the 18th century, the Chinese first came here to develop resources, plant sugar caneBanana、pineappleAnd loggingSandalwood, Honolulu is also hereModern Chinese HistorySun Yat sen, the great forerunner of the Chinese revolution, came to Honolulu with his mother to study at the Italian Orlani School in 1879, and later studied at the local top university, Osho College.Sun Yat sen has been engaged in revolutionary activities in Honolulu since his youth. In 1894, he organized and established China's earliest bourgeoisie in HonoluluDemocratic revolutionThe group started the China Association and went to Europe and the United States through Honolulu for many times to organize the revolution. To this day, in the Chinese Garden of Honolulu International Airport, a stone statue of Sun Yat sen is sitting in the center of the garden to commemorate the world-famous great man forever.
