Temperate Marine Climate is a mild and humid climate type throughout the year. Its characteristics are very obvious: there is no severe cold in winter, and no severe heat in summer. The annual precipitation distribution is relatively uniform.It is distributed in the west coast of the continent between 40 ° and 60 ° latitude.Most continental areas close to the ocean haveMarine climateFeatures: The coastal area of Western Europe is a typical marine climate zone on the continent.This kind of climatePrevailing westerly windUnder the influence, there is often a warm current on the west bank, which increases temperature and humidity. The westerly wind blows from the warm ocean, and there is a lot of precipitation.There are often extratropical frontal cyclones in winter, so although it rains all year round, the rainfall in autumn and winter is usually slightly more than that in spring and summer.The rain is mainly light rain and small shower, and there is almost no thunderstorm.Cyclones frequently pass through the country, with an annual rainfall of 500~700mm, and more than 2500mm in areas with favorable terrain (such as northwest North America).The average temperature of the coldest month is above 0 ℃, and that of the warmest month is below 22 ℃. The annual range is much smaller than that of inland and east coast regions at the same latitude.The climate belongs to northwest EuropeCanadaPacific CoastChileSouthAustraliaSoutheastNew ZealandAnd so on.Except Asia, Africa and Antarctica, the rest of the continents are distributed, of which Western Europe and the British Isles are the most typical.[1]
The main reason for this climate is that this area is located in the west bank of the mid latitude (40 °~60 °) continent, and the wind blows all year roundWesterly windThe wind blows from the west sea, and there are warm currents along the coast, making the west wind more warm and humid. After landing, it can be lifted by the terrain, which can cause a lot of precipitation.As far as Western Europe is concerned, the North Atlantic Warm Current along the coast is very strong, with high temperature and humiditythe BalticIn addition to the low and flat terrain in Western Europe, the plains and mountains are east-west oriented, so the westerly wind andcycloneIt can go inland, expand the scope of the Atlantic influence, and make the temperate zone in western EuropeMarine climateEspecially typical.[2]
Climatic characteristics
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Warm winter and cool summer, small annual temperature difference
The closer to the ocean in the marine climate zone, the more marine the climate is.Especially in winter, because there is a warm current passing by the coast, and the west wind blows from the warm current sea surface, the air flow is warm and humid, so the winter temperature is much warmer than that of the continental center and the eastern coast of the continent at the same latitude.The average temperature of the coldest month is above 0 ℃.In summer, the temperature of warm water is still lower than that of the mainland, and it is much cooler at sea than on landWesterliesThe average temperature of the hottest month affected is below 22 ℃.Since it is warm in winter and cool in summer, the annual temperature difference is much smaller than that of other regions at the same latitude.
Rainy season throughout the year, with more rain in winter
This area is on the path of extratropical cyclone activity, with abundant cyclone rainfall, especially in winterExtratropical cycloneMore active, with many rainy days, but the rainfall intensity is not large.The proportion of precipitation in winter is slightly larger in the whole year. There is no dry season in the whole year. To sum up the characteristics of temperate marine climate, there is no severe cold in winter and no intense heat in summer.
Small temperature difference
Daily changes are not even observed on the ocean surface.The extreme value of annual variation is generally one month later than that of the mainland. For example, the coldest month is February and the warmest month is August.In high latitudes, the coldest month may also be March, and the warmest month may also be September.Autumn is warmer than spring.
Evenly distributed precipitation
There are many rainy days, but the intensity is small.There are many clouds and high humidity.
Distribution rule
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It is located on the west bank of the mainland at 40~60 ° north-south latitude, exceptAsiaandAntarcticaNo, it is found in all other continents, including the western part of the European continent andbritish isles(Continental Europe) is the most typical.Temperate marine climate is often only distributed in narrow strips or islands.
The temperate marine climate is the most typical in Western Europe, with the largest distribution area. It is located in the corresponding latitude zone on the west bank of the American continent andOceaniaOfTasmaniaandNew ZealandIt is also distributed in other places.The climate belongs to northwest EuropeCanadaThe Pacific coast, southern Chile and a small part of southeast Australia.
Western Europe is located at about 30~40 ° north latitude, which can be affected by the water vapor blowing from the Atlantic Ocean due to the westerly wind.The terrain of North America is high in the west, low in the middle, and slightly high in the east. The water vapor blown from the Pacific Ocean isThe Rocky MountainsOnly coastal marginal areas can be affected, andAlaska Current Pass by.Therefore, Northern Europe covers a large area while North America covers a small area.
influence
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Temperate marine climate, high latitude, rainy weather, heat and light conditions are generally not suitable for planting（Paris BasinExcept where the heat condition is goodplantingDistribution), generally withAnimal Husbandry(e.g. northern Scotland),flowers and plantsPlanting (e.gNetherlands）And other agricultural types that require less heat.
nineteenth centuryAt the end of the day, someone found thatEurope, long-term production under marine climate conditionsWheat，proteinThe content is small, only 4%~8% at most.As we go deep into the mainlandRussiaIn Europe, the protein content of wheat has increased by 9%~12%. In relatively dry and hot areas, the protein content of wheat has increased to 18%, or even more than 20%Soviet UnionScientists prove that the more continental the climate in a region is, the moreproteinThe higher the content.In the warm, cool and humid climate, the starch content of wheat increased, but the protein content decreased.In order to supplement the lack of protein, people have to resort to meat, but it also brings the disadvantage of too much fat.It can be seen that the marine climate is not very beneficial to agriculture.
life
The mild, cloudy and humid marine climate gives people a comfortable feeling;In fact, living in a marine climate is mild, but the gloomy and rainy weather is not conducive to the development of human spirit and emotions.[1]
