Wembley Stadium is the national football stadium of England, located inbritainLondon。yesEnglandAnd the final venue of the England Domestic Cup.
The Wembley Stadium was first built in 1923. It was overturned and rebuilt in 2000. It was completed in 2007. It is a round stadium with a cost of 780 million pounds and a diameter of nearly 300 meters. The stand is 52 meters high and 133 meters high, which is the world's largest single archMarkerIs the largest professional football field in Europe.It is recognized as the greatest stadium in the world.
Wembley Stadium looks very traditionalSports architecture, showing the characteristics of the designer's works. The exterior wall is covered with reinforced concrete, which is structuralismarchitectural styleThe pioneer of.This ancient reinforced concrete surface seems to be made of ordinary building materials or paintedStuccoGypsum.
Old Wembley
There is a pair of white towers in front of the main gate of Wembley Stadium. This design is derived fromBritish IndiaNew DelhiOfgovernor-general's residenceSince then, the Wembley Twin Towers have become the symbol of the stadium for a long timeLondonOne of the famous buildings.
Wembley Stadium has two endsSemicircleCorresponding to the shape of the runway, the grandstand has also been built into a longitudinal shape, which can accommodate 60000 spectators.Wembley Stadium is 105 meters long and 69.5 meters wide.To ensure drainage, the center of the court is 25cm higher than the sideline.As for the design of the grandstand structure, the construction of cross passages, stairs and the opening of each individual grandstand area are adopted.The roof is also long. In the 1920s, if the roof of the stadium did not use pillars, it would not be technically feasible.Like other stadiums built before the war, Wembley Stadium has some defects in this respect, which affects the audience's view of the game.stayWembleyThere is a swimming pool near the stadium, namely Imperial Swimming Pool,Olympic GamesOur swimming competition is arranged here.
White Horse Final
White Horse Final
The first football match hosted by Wembley was on April 28, 1923FA CupIn the final, both sides areWest Ham UnitedAnd Bolton.At that time, no tickets were sold for that game. Fans can enter the stadium as long as they pay at the entrance of the stadiumWatching the ball。resultDesign capacityThere were 240000 fans in the 127000 people Wembley Stadium. Many fans were even crowded into the stadium before the game, which caused the game to be delayed.Now onetrooperGeorge Scorey rode his white horse Billy to dredge the fans back to the stands, and the game just barely kicked off.The scene of Scott riding a white horse slowly in the crowd has become the most profound memory of the game, even more than the game itself.Therefore, this FA Cup final is known as the "White Horse Final" in history, and Bolton beat West Ham United 2-0 to win the final.The official statistics of the final had 127000 spectators, but people generally estimated that the total number of fans entering the game was 240 thousand or even more than 300 thousand. This may be the football game with the largest number of spectators in history, but there was no accurate statistics.To commemorate the famous "White Horse Final", after the completion of the new Wembley Stadium in 2007, the FA named a bridge from the stadium to the city "White Horse Bridge".[1]
Matthews
The 1953 FA Cup final was still held at Wembley against Blackpool and Bolton.This is a classic match in the history of the FA Cup,BlackpoolStriker Stan Mortensen performshat-trick, helped the team beat Bolton 4-3 to win the FA Cup, and he has become the only player who has scored a hat trick in the FA Cup final so far.This classic game was called "Matthews Final" by later generations, because Blackpool was a legendary star who was nearly 38 years old at that timeStanley MatthewsHe made a comeback in this match. He had missed the championship twice before, this timeHe did not have.Missed the opportunity, assisted three goals in the game and won himCareerThe only FA Cup in China.
Wembley Stadium is1966 World CupThe main venue of the World Cup hosted the opening and final matches of the World Cup.On July 30, 1966, 98000 fans witnessed that after England defeated Germany 4-2Bobby Moore Led the team, the whole team walked into the royal box along the famous 39 steps of Wembley Stadium and took it from Queen Elizabeth IIRemit CupAnd became the most brilliant moment in the history of English football.[2]
Thirty years after England last won the championship, Wembley was once again entrusted with an important task.She undertook the opening ceremony of the 1996 European CupSemifinals, the finals and all the matches in which England played.But England drew in the semi-finals at WembleyGermany, onPenalty shootoutThe German team defeated the Czech team in the final and won the royal boxDelaunay cup。
The old Wembley Stadium has hosted the Champions League finals five times, andBelgiumOfHeather StadiumIt is also the stadium that holds the most Champions League finals.The first time was in 1963, ACMilanandBenficaIn this decisive battle, Milan finally won the first Champions League championship in the history of the club.The second time was in 1968,Manchester UnitedadoptOvertime4: 1 Beat Benfica to win the championship, becoming the first English team to win the Champions League.In 1971, Ajax and Panathinaix were welcomed here. The Ajax led by Cruyff won the championship and opened their Champions LeagueTriple CrownThe pace of.In 1978, Liverpool defeated Belgium 1-0 at Wembley Stadium with Dalglish's goalCercle Brugge Won the Champions League for a second time.The last time the Old Wembley Stadium hosted the Champions League final was in 1992, when the Barcelona Dream Team led by Cruyff defeatedSampdoria, won the first European Cup in the history of the club.[3]
Other home courts
In the 1930s,Leyton Orient The team rented Wembley as its home court for a short time during the repair of its own stadium.
Arsenal once rented Wembley Stadium as their home stadium in the Champions League from 1998 to 2000, because at that timeHighbury StadiumOfNumber of seatsIt fails to meet the standards set by UEFA for hosting Champions League matches.
Other uses
Wembley Stadium is1948 London Olympic GamesThe main stadium and the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games were held here.Wembley hosted that competitionlong-distance runGames and football andHockeyThe final of.
Before the 1980s, Wembley often held car championships and motorcycle championships.
Since 1929rugbyThe Challenge Cup finals are mostly held at Wembley, and this tradition has also been inherited by the new Wembley Stadium after the completion of the new Wembley.In addition, Wembley played rugby twice in 1992 and 1995World Cup Final。
Wembley undertookNFLIn 1983Minnesota VikingsAnd the St. Louis Cardinals brought the NFL game to Wembley for the first time.
1985 Save Africa Concert
Wembley has hosted a large number of concerts and concerts, and many famous singer groups have performed here.Wembley hosted many classic concerts in London in 1972RockThe LondonRock and RollShow) is her first concert;Rescue in 1985AfricaLive Aid is one of the most classic charity performances in history. Performers includeDavid Bowie、Queen、Paul Mccartney , "Who" band, U2Elton John Etc;In 1986, the Queen Orchestra held a concert here.Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute in 1988;The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert in April 1992.1988Michael JacksonDuring his "Bad Tour" tour, he held seven concerts in Wembley. The audience of each concert exceeded 70000, with a total audience of 504000Guinness World Records。
Closing curtain
The old Wembley twin towers were demolished
As we enter the 21st century, the old Wembley is getting older and older, although she is aFootballHoly Land, but it can no longer meet the needs of modern football games.The FA finally chose to demolish the old Wembley Stadium. Most of the fans hoped to keep the Wembley Twin Towers when rebuilding the stadium, but they failed to do so in the end.On May 20, 2000, the old Wembley held her last FA Cup finalChelseaandAston Vera, ChelseaRobert DiMatteoScored the only goal of the game.On October 7, 2000, the last match of the old Wembley was played between Germany and England. Hamann of the German team playedBaseThe winning goal also became the last player to score at Wembley, and the defeat in this game directly led to the English coachKevin Keegan class is over.After the game, many fansCourt seatIt was removed for commemoration, and Wembley was officially closed afterwards.
Pele said: Wembley is the church, capital and heart of football.
Bobby MooreExclaimed: Holy Land in Football FieldMecca（Mecca of Stadiums）。
In 2003, the twin towers of Wembley were demolished, and the old Wembley completed all the demolition work.[4]
New Wembley
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New Wembley under construction
Wembley Stadium is regarded by the British asBritish SportsThe symbol of.Because of variousinterest groupThe dispute surrounding the reconstruction of Wembley Stadium has never stopped, and the construction costs are also increasing.On 11 September 2000,AustraliaThe construction company MULTIPLEX signed the contract and estimated that the maximum cost of rebuilding Wembley Stadium was 326.5 million pounds at that time.But over time,construction costRising.On May 1, 2001, the Football Association of England said that unless the British government provided financial guarantee, the reconstruction plan of Wembley Stadium would fail.
After negotiation, the new Wembley Stadium was determined to be designed and planned by HOK Sports and Foster Partners, and was in the charge of Mott MacDonald Consultants and Multiplex, an Australian construction companyengineering construction, FA, UKCultural mediaSports DepartmentAnd the London Development Agency.The project is scheduled to be completed in May 2006, and the 2006 FA Cup final is scheduled to be the first game of the new Wembley.On May 31, 2002, the FA announced thatGermanySigned by the Bank of West TexasLoan Agreement。
In 2003, the new Wembley officially broke ground and began to build the foundation and the steel frame needed for the stadium. But at that time, the project was delayed because of the rising cost.
In January 2004, an accident occurred at Wembley Stadium,ScaffoldingThe collapse resulted in one worker's death and another worker's injury.In the summer of 2004, the construction of Wembley Arch was completed and the stand was basically formed.
On August 18, 2005, Multiplex Construction Company released the "depressing figures", and lost 26.1 million pounds in the whole year.One day later《The Guardian》It was revealed that according to the contract, Multiplex Construction Company would pay 120000 pounds for delaying the completion of the project by one day, and the total compensation might reach 14 million pounds.On October 14, 2005, the official of Wembley Stadium revealed that 90000 seats of Wembley Stadium had been sold, which would be worth 300 million pounds in the next 10 years.
On December 19, 2005, Multiplex Construction revealed that the Wembley Stadium project had cost the company 70 million pounds.
At the beginning of 2006, the roof of Wembley was completedHeating systemanddrainage systemIt is also declared complete.But in March Multiplex still announced that the project could not be completed as planned in May, and the FA Cup final planned to be held in the new Wembley was forced to move to WalesCardiff Millennium Stadium。
In July 2006, the new Wembley began to lay turf.On October 19, 2006, the Football Association and Multiplex announced that they had solved the problem of project delay and cost increase. WNSL, a subsidiary of the Football Association, paid 36 million pounds to Multiplex to solve the problem of cost increase.The new Wembley Stadium will open in the first half of 2007 and be held on May 19FA Cup finals.The official spokesman of the stadium said that it would be open to the public on March 3, but it was finally postponed to March 17.On March 9, 2007, the FA said that the stadium was ready to host FA Cup events, performances and other activities.
Aerial photography of Wembley
structure
Wembley Arch
The new Wembley came into use in 2007 and hosted the FA Cup final that year.The new Wembley, costing 780 million pounds, is a modern high-tech stadium with 90000 seats and a floating roof that can be closed. It is the world's largest roofable stadium.The new Wembley is a five-star football stadium of UEFA, which undertakes various top competitions.
The traffic of the new stadium is convenient. There are not only bus stations connecting with the urban area, but also Wembley Railway Station and Wembley Metro Station nearby.
The most impressive part of the new Wembley is a 133 meter high arch with a total length of 315 meters, which is the longest single span roof structure building in the world.Wembley Arch has a very goodLighting effectIt looks like a beautiful rainbow bridge at night, and it can match the famous giantferris wheel“London Eye”Far away from each other.Of course, the Wembley Arch is by no means a simple decoration. Its purpose is to use dozens of steel cables to fix the north ceiling and 60% of the south ceiling of the Wembley Stadium.Therefore, unlike the old stadium, the new Wembley does not need support pillars to support the roof, which can ensure that the 90000 seats in the new Wembley have a very good view at every angleWatching the ball。The stand in Wembley is divided into three floors, 34303 seats in the lower floor, 16532 seats in the middle floor and 39165 seats in the upper floor.
Interior view of the new Wembley Stadium
The roof of the new stadium is 52 meters high from the turf, while the "twin towers" of the old stadium are only 35 meters high. The total area of the roof is 11 acres, of which 4 acres can be moved and closed, and the total weight of the roof is 70000 tons.New Wembley has used 90000 cubic meters and 23000 tons ofreinforced concrete。Excluding the four walls and ceiling, the new stadium has a volume of 4000000 cubic meters.The seats of the new stadium are arranged in rows from the sideline to the surroundings, and the total length is 54 km, while the perimeter of the new stadium is 1 km.A total of 35 miles ofCableLine.
The stadium is equipped with two large screens, each of which is the size of 600 ordinary televisions.
The private box of the new Wembley Stadium can also be used as a meeting room.There are 350 days available in a year, even on the race day.Whether it's a break, a meeting or entertaining customers, such a background is unimaginable to ordinary people.In addition, the box also providesFood and BeveragesCustomers can customize food and drinks according to their own preferences.[5]
The new Wembley has 107 steps leading to the royal box, while the old Wembley royal box has only 39 steps.
There is one outside the new Wembley StadiumBobby Moore The statue of Bobby Moore won by England1966 World CupThe captain of the champion.The bridge from the stadium to the city is named The White Horse Bridge to commemorate the first game of the old Wembley in 1924, "White Horse Final".German fans jokingly call it "Dietmar Hamann Bridge", because German player Hamann is the last one in the oldWembley Goal 's players.
The first game of the new Wembley was actually a charityExhibition competition，Jeff Thomas Geoff Thomas Foundation Charity XI defeated Wembley 2-0sponsorWembley Sponsors Allstars.
The first official professional match of the new Wembley was the match between the England U21 youth team and the Italian U21 youth team on March 24, 2007. The two sides drew 3-3. The Italian playersGiampaolo Pazzini Three goals became the first to score at Wembleyprofessional soccer playerAnd the first player to score a hat trick at the new Wembley.David Bentley Became the first English player to score at Wembley.
The first FA Cup final in the new Wembley was held on May 19, 2007, against Manchester United and Chelsea.Chelsea won the championship with Didier Drogba's goal. Chelsea became the first team to win the championship in the new Wembley Stadium. At the same time, Chelsea was also the team that won the championship most times in the new Wembley Stadium (the FA Cup in 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2015League Cup2009 Community Shield).
England's first game at New Wembley was on June 1, 2007, when they drew 1-1BrazilA friendly match.
The new Wembley Stadium will not only host England matches like the old Wembley, but also upgrade English leagues at all levelsPlay offBesides the finals of all competitions in England, it will also host the semi-finals of the FA Cup, which were mostly held inOld Trafford andvilla park conduct.Some people criticized this and thought that putting the semi-finals at Wembley was a "devaluation",David MoyesI think only the final is worthy of Wembley.[3]It is believed that the FA's move is purely for the purpose of hosting more games in order to repay the loan for the construction of the stadium.[6]
The ceiling of Wembley
Champions League Final
After the completion of the new Wembley, the 2011 Champions League final will return to Wembley,Barcelona3: 1 Manchester United won the European championship in 2011.The new stadium has achieved great success in hosting the Champions League final for the first time, and as a reward, the 2013 Champions League final will return to Wembley, the German giantsBayern MunichDefeat the same country by 2:1Dortmund, the fifth timeEuropean Champions League。London will also host the Champions League final for a record seventh time.In history, there has never been a stadium that can hold the Champions League final twice in three years. However, due to the great success of the 2011 season, the 2013 Champions League final returned to Wembley.This will brighten the 150th anniversary of the FA.
The 2024 Champions League final will be held at Wembley Stadium.This will be the third Champions League final at Wembley.[13]
Tottenham HotspurIn the officialTwitterIt was announced that the club has reached an agreement with Wembley Stadium that the home game of Tottenham in the Champions League next season will be held in thisThe National StadiumIn.At the same time, the contract also allows Spurs to use Wembley Stadium as the team's 2017-18 seasonThe Premier LeagueThe home of the cup match.
Spurs have started their home expansion work, so from next season,White Hart Lane In order to cooperate with the construction, the number of seats has to be reduced.By the 2017-18 season, Spurs must move out of White Hart Lane to wait for the stadium to be completed.[7]
Other uses
The new Wembley will host the Rugby League as before, and will host the annual Challenge Cup final after its completion in 2007.
On October 28, 2007, the NFL competition was held in WembleyMiami Dolphins。
At the end of 2007, Wembley hosted the championship race.
Live Earth concert on July 7, 2007the five continentsAt the same time, 12 cities in the UK held concerts at the new Wembley Stadium.
Wembley Stadium often holds the League Cup Final, FA Cup Semi Final and Final, Championship Final, Championship Play off, League A Play off and League B Play off of each season.[13]
Lawn problems
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New Wembley turf problem
The quality of grass and turf in the new Wembley, which cost 800 million pounds, has been criticized since its inception.The lawn of Wembley Stadium is extremely slippery, and players often slip on the court, even some people are injured. In addition, the ball rolls irregularly on the court.Therefore, since its establishment, all teams playing in the new Wembley have complained about the lawn here.
In the Carling Cup final at the end of February 2010, Michael Owen, a Manchester United player, strained his thigh and recuperated for half a year because of the slippery lawn at Wembley. To this end, Sir Alex, the United coach, criticized: "I think the Wembley stadium is too bad. When I stood on the court, I thought that I had performed equestrian performance before. Such a venue reminds me of the ground ploughed."[8]Martin O'NeillHe also said: "The turf of Wembley Stadium is like a rock concert held the night before last. This condition is too bad for a national stadium. The stadium costs 800 million pounds (about 1 billion dollars), but there is something wrong with the turf that should be improved most.I don't know what causes this situation, but this condition is really intolerable. "Harry Redknapp Also angrily accused: "The turf here is definitely a great shame for this stadium."James Milner The quality of Wembley turf is not as goodChampionship The lawn of the court.
The management of Wembley has long been aware of the problem of the pitch lawn, and has replaced the lawn for ten times, but with little effect.Rio FERDINAND He believed that Wembley frequently held various concertsrugbyRacing and even racing are the culprits for destroying the lawn.
After many investigations by various parties, the cause of the lawn quality problem was finally found out: the grass quality of the court lawn itself does not have a problem, the main reason is that the soil is too hard, which will not only greatly affect the grip of the shoes, but also easy to generate water, in addition to the drainage of the courtsystem performance Poor, which is the direct reason why the turf surface is always soft and wet;In addition, the stadium roof design makes the stadium under lighted, because the open area of Wembley's roof is not large enough, which largely blocks the sunlight shining into the stadium, so the lack of light is also one of the reasons that affect the growth of turf.Not far from Wembley Stadiumemirates stadium In sharp contrast, the design of the Emirates Stadium has taken into account the problems of lighting and ventilation, and the drainage system is also very good, which has kept the turf of the Emirates Stadium in a very ideal condition.[9-10]
In May 2010, the team playedMexicoBefore the friendly match between Britain andMexicoThe media of both countries were very worried that Wembley Lawn would cause injury to players before the game.However, in the game, Wembley Lawn showed a very good situation. There was almost no phenomenon of players slipping, and there was no injury that people had feared before. The media also acknowledged that the quality of the lawn had made considerable progress.On August 9, 2010community shield In the final, Owen, who was injured and absent from the Wembley lawn for six months, praised the Wembley lawn when he returned, and thought that its quality had made great progress.It seems that the lawn problem at Wembley has been preliminarily solved.
Chronicle of Events
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On April 23, 1923, the old Wembley was completed and opened.
On April 27, 1923, the first game of Wembley was held hereFA CupGame, Bolton 2-0West Ham, known as the White Horse Final.
On March 31, 1928, England lost 1-5 to Scotland at Wembley, which was their first defeat at Wembley.
In 1929, Wembley undertook the project for the first timerugbyThe final of the Challenge Cup and the final of this competition since then have been arranged at Wembley.
On May 2, 1953, Blackpool defeated Bolton 4-3 at Wembley to win the FA Cup, known as the "Matthews Final" in history.
In November 1953, Hungary and England staged a classic match here, and Hungary finally defeated England 6-3. The legendary Hungarian star Guti playedhat-trick。
In 1963, Wembley carried out a comprehensive transformation, installing a new ceiling and electronicsScoreboard。
On May 22, 1963, Wembley's firstChampions LeagueThe final is inBenficaAnd ACMilanMilan beat their opponents 2-1 to win the Champions League.
In 1966, WembleyWorld Cup Main Stadium, hosted the opening and final.On July 30, England beat the Federal Republic of Germany 4-2 at Wembley, and Hurst scored a hat trick to win the first prize for EnglandWorld Cup Champion。
On May 29, 1968,Manchester UnitedWinning the Champions League by beating Benfica 4-1 at WembleyBig ear cupEnglish team.
On June 2, 1971, in the third Champions League final at Wembley, Ajax defeated Panathinaix 2-0 and won the Champions League for the first time.
On May 10, 1978, in the fourth Champions League final at Wembley, Liverpool successfully defended their Champions League title by defeating Bruges 1-0 with Dalglish's goal.
On July 13, 1985, one of the most successful concerts in history: rescueAfricaThe Live Aid concert was held in Wembley.
On June 11, 1988, the 1988 concert honoring Mandela's 70th birthday was held at Wembley.
In 1988,Michael JacksonBAD ofSingingDuring the meeting, 7 concerts were held in Wembley.
1989Hillsborough disaster After that, Wembley carried out a comprehensive safety rectification, and the capacity was reduced to 82000 people.
On May 20, 1992,Barcelona team1-0 win at WembleySampdoriaTo win the first Champions League in the history of the club.
In 1996, Wembley becameEuropean CupThe opening game, the final and all England matches were held in the main stadium of.
On May 20, 2000, the last FA Cup final in the old WembleyAston VeraandChelseaExpand between.
Concert in memory of Princess Diana in 2007
On October 7, 2000, England lost 1-0 in the last game of the old WembleyGermany。Wembley shut down completely after the game and began to dismantle.
On February 7, 2003, the iconic white twin towers of the old Wembley were demolished, so far the demolition of the old Wembley has been completed.
In 2003, the new Wembley officially broke ground.
On March 17, 2007, the trial run of the new Wembley was held between England U-21 and Italy U-21, and the two sides ended in a 3-3 draw.
On May 19, 2007, the first FA Cup final in the new Wembley was won by Chelsea 1-0Manchester Unitedtake the crown.
February August 2013, EnglandFootball FederationThe three matches in the 150th anniversary match were held at the New Wembley Stadium. England played Brazil, Ireland and Scotland.The other one is the new one in BrazilEstadio de Maracana conduct.
On May 25, 2013, the final of the 2012-2013 Champions League was held inLondonIt was held at Wembley Stadium.Bayern Munich2-1 Dortmund won the championship.
twoOn July 11, 021, the 2020 European Cup final was held at Wembley Stadium in London.EnglandPenalty Shoot-outNeutral minusItaly team, missed the European Cup championship.[11-12]
