Wenzhou dialect (Ou language) can be roughly divided into three categories according to its region: pure Ou language region, quasi Ou language region and semi Ou language region.Pure Ou accent, includingWenzhouLucheng District、Longwan District、Ouhai District、Ryan、Yongjia, andYueqingLocally, the population is 2.3 million.There is a slight deviation in the accent of quasi Ou language area, involving Taishun, Wencheng, Pingyang, Cangnan and Longgang, with a total population of 3.2 million.Half Ou language area involves more than 950000 people in Yueqing and more than 40000 people in Dongtou, with a total population of 1 million.
Wenzhou dialect（Ou language）Strong internal consistency.However, in addition to Wenzhou dialect (Ou dialect), there are Minnan dialect, Manjiang dialect, Manhua dialect, She Hakka dialect, Dajing dialect, Huangnan dialect, Nantian dialect, Luoyang dialect, Jujiang dialect, Jinxiang dialect and Tingzhou dialect in Wenzhou[1]The degree of complexity can be described as "three li with different tones and ten li with different sounds", and its differences are also great, including phonetic differences and lexical differences, so that the communication between two different dialects is sometimes difficult.
Chinese name
Wenzhou dialect
Foreign name
Yujeu Dialect
Distribution area
WenzhouUrban areas and subordinate counties and cities
Wenzhou dialect is closely related to ancient Min language, ancient Chu language and ancient Jiangdong language, which is of special significance to the study of the history of Chinese pronunciation and language.Wenzhou is the birthplace of Southern Opera, and the works of Southern Opera left behind contain many Wenzhou dialect.becauseSouthern OperayesYuan OperaAs well as the far-reaching influence of Yuan and Ming novels, scholars need to quote a lot of Wenzhou dialect when commenting on these works.
Ouyue belonged to "Ouyue" before the Qin Dynasty, and its main body was the "Baiyue nationality". Ouyue spoke the ancient Yue language (belonging to the Dong Tai language) in Wuyue area. It could not communicate with the "Chinese" spoken in Qi, Chu and other places, but it was homologous with the Dong language, Zhuang language, Myanmar Shan language, Vietnamese Beijing language and Thai language in Thailand.There are still quite a few traces of Dong Tai language in the common spoken language of modern Wenzhou dialect.
In 333 BC, the State of Chu destroyed Yue and strengthened its rule over Wu and Yue until 221 BC, when Qin unified China, which lasted 112 years.Due to the influence and influence of the Chu people in Wu and Yue, the East Chu dialect and the ancient Wu and Yue languages were combined to form a new Chinese - "Jiangdong dialect", the direct ancestor of the Wu language.In The Sound and Meaning of Huilin in the Tang Dynasty, dialects spoken in the east of the Yangtze River are collectively called "the sound of Wu and Chu".Most of the older words in Wenzhou dialect can be traced back to "Jiangdong dialect", which is also the main source of the white reading system in Wenzhou dialect.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han people officially opened up the Wuyue area, but southern Zhejiang and Fujian were still under the control of the Yue people. The Dongou State and the Minyue State established by the Yue people have always been in an independent state.Although during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Kingdom of Eastern Ou "moved to China with the whole country, but it was known that the whole country came to China and was located between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River", only the royal families and powerful powers in Ouyue could move away.During this period, more and more borrowed words came from Chinese, but the main vocabulary of Ouyue dialect is still Dong Tai words.
"Jiangdong dialect" began to be divided into "Wu dialect" and "Min dialect" during the Six Dynasties.Wenzhou has been under the jurisdiction of Kuaiji from the Eastern Han Dynasty to AD 323. According to Guo Pu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Ouyue people should speak the ancient Wu language from the Six Dynasties.Because of its border with the Min language area, Wenzhou dialect also retains many of the same features as the ancient Min language.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were several large-scale migration tides, especially after the capital was moved in the Southern Song Dynasty, the number of Han people in Wenzhou increased significantly.
Wenzhou dialect in broad sense
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In a broad sense, Wenzhou dialect can also include various dialects in Wenzhou, such as Minnan dialect, Manjiang dialect, Manhua dialect, She Hakka dialect, Dajing dialect, Huangnan dialect, Nantian dialect, Luoyang dialect, Jujiang dialect, Jinxiang dialect and Tingzhou dialect. Its differences are enough to confuse a typical Wenzhou person.[1]
Ou language
Ou language is the most powerful dialect in Wenzhou dialect, distributed inriver ouDownstreamFeiyun RiverandAojiang RiverWatershed.Among themWenzhouUrban andYongjia CountyThe purest,RyanHe Wencheng basically speaks Ou language. The Yueqing Qingjiang River is located in the Nanhai Plain, the downstream of the Aojiang River in PingyangCangnanA small part of Baishang in Taishun also speaks Ou language.Dongtou DistrictOu language is spoken by Damen, LuxiThree plates、Yuan Jue、Niyu IslandWait, only Baizhangkou Town in Taishun County speaks Wencheng Ou language. In additiongreen rice fieldOfWenxi, Wanshan and other placesthe moonIn the corner of Kanmen and Chenyu, 5.2 million people speak Wenzhou dialect.
Ou language has the common features of Wu language, published in 1987Atlas of Chinese Language(Co edited by Chinese Social Sciences and Australian Academy of Arts) listed it as an Oujiang film in Wu dialect.Ou language has strong internal consistency, and each region can interact with each otherTongueHowever, there are also some differences. Generally, Ouhai and Rui'an can be divided into north and south districts.
Ou language
Minnan
sayMinnan dialectThe majority of the population is from Quanzhou to Zhangzhou at the turn of the Ming and Qing dynasties. They are mainly distributed in the south of Wenzhou, and in addition, they also move to the north of ZhejiangChangxing、Anji、Lin'anDeqing, Yixing, JiangsuJintan, Jurong and other places, and has been distributed to Guangde, Ningguo, Langxi, eastern Wuhu, Shangrao, Yushan, Guangfeng and other counties in southern Anhui, and FujianPuchengThe northern border.They often call themselves "Wenzhou people", but actually they don't speak Wenzhou dialect but Southern Zhejiang Min dialect.Some of these immigrants, like the Mandarin immigrants in Zhejiang, are the land reclaimed by the Taiping Army after the war and abandoned by the war in the Qing DynastyTime ShiftRemoved.
Minnan dialect, which is popular in Wenzhou, is often called by local people“hokkien ”。It is mainly distributed in the middle, west and south of Cangnan County,Pingyang CountyThe middle and upper reaches of Aojiang River valley and southeast coastal areas, the northeast corner of Taishun County and the southeast corner of Wencheng County,Dongtou IslandAnd some villages in the south corner.In addition, YuhuanJingningThere are also people who speak Min language.In order to distinguish from theMinnanWe collectively refer to the Minnan dialect in the above areas as "Southern Zhejiang Minhua".
According to statistics, a total of 1.3751 million people in Wenzhou speak Minnan dialect.
Dajing dialect
Dajing dialect refers to the dialects spoken north of Qingjiang River in Yueqing, including Yueqing CityDajing TownDajing, Huwu, Shuangfeng, Zhen'an, Zhiren, Xianxi, Fuxi, Longxi,Yandang TownBaixi, Xiatang, Ximen Island, Yandangshan Scenic Spot, and the former Qingbei Township in the north of Qingjiang Town, north of the Qingjiang River estuary.The population of Dajing dialect accounts for 4.56% of the registered population of Wenzhou, which is the third largest language in Wenzhou according to the population of 358700.
Pretty words
Pretty wordsIt is the indigenous dialect of Cangnan County, Wenzhou City, formed by mixing ancient Chinese and Baiyue language, and is homologous with ancient Ou language (Wenzhou dialect).Later received otherChinese dialects The influence of has formed barbarous words.The attribution of Manhua is still controversial, and the Chinese dialect map classifies Manhua intoMindongLi.Manhua is mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas of Cangnan, with a population of 287000.
Pretty talkative
Pretty talkativeIt is an indigenous dialect of Taishun County, Wenzhou City, formed by mixing ancient Chinese and Baiyue, with a population of about 180000.Quite speaking, they are distributed inTaishun CountyThe central, southern and western regions of China.Talk about FujianShouningThe dialect is connected and belongs to the Mindong dialect system, which retains many characteristics of the Min language.
Manhua and Manjiang used to be the same dialect, but later they developed in different directions.It is said that the development is slow and belongs toMindong。Manhua is greatly influenced by Ou language and develops towards Wu language.Ou language is greatly influenced by Wu language and has evolved into a kind of Wu language.
Wengshan dialect
Wengshan dialect is the indigenous dialect of Taishun County, Wenzhou City. It belongs to the end of Wu dialect in southern Zhejiang, between Wenzhou dialect and Lishui dialect. About 50000 people use this unique dialect.
Nantian dialect
Wencheng Nantian Old GenusChuzhougreen rice fieldIn December 1946, it was incorporated into Wencheng, Wenzhou. Therefore, Qingtian dialect is popular in Nantian and its surrounding areas. It belongs to the Qupian area where Wu dialect is spoken. It is very different from Wencheng Wenzhou dialect in the east of Wencheng, and can't talk.There are six popular languages in Wencheng, namely Wencheng, Nantian, Jingning, Jujiang, Minnan and She Hakka.Among them, Wencheng dialect is spoken in the east, Nantian dialect in the west and Jujiang dialect in the south.The population of Nantian dialect is 113500, accounting for 30.15% of Wencheng's registered population.
Luoyang dialect
Luoyang dialect refers to the dialect in the northern part of Taishun. It was originally a small dialect island, which was only used by residents in Taishun. The local people called it "Chengdi dialect", and later gradually spread to the suburban villages.Luoyang dialect is used by 105600 people, accounting for 1.34% of the city's registered population.
Jujiang dialect
Jujiang dialect is mainly distributed in Baizhang Town andXiaocun Towneast.The population of Jujiang dialect is about 70000, but after the reservoir resettlement, it has decreased to 60300.Jujiang dialect is distributed in the border area of Oujiang dialect, Chuqu dialect and Mindong dialect, which is far from Wencheng Wenzhou dialect, far from Luoyang dialect in Quzhou dialect, far from the barbarian dialect of Mindong dialect, and far from Cangnan Minnan dialect.Jujiang dialect is a blank spot in the study of Wenzhou dialect and should be regarded as an independent area.
She Hakka
She HakkaHakka, the Chinese dialect used by the She nationality.The She nationality has its own language, but all the She nationality in Zhejiang use ithakka dialect。She Hakka is distributed in Cangnan, TaishunWenchengThere are 55000 people speaking She Hakka in She inhabited areas such as Pingyang and Pingyang.
the She ethnic groupThe living style of "small concentration, large dispersion" is characteristic.Because most of the surrounding people speak southern Zhejiang Min, Ou or barbarian, they often use neighboring dialects when going out, but when returning home or where the native people live, they must use She dialect.In the past, the She nationality also prohibited intermarriage with foreigners, so the She dialect maintained many primitive characteristics.
Jinxiang is an important military town along the coast of southern Zhejiang Province, which is called "the border of Oujun and the pass of Kunyang".It is said that in ancient times, the Jinxiang area was not in the sea, and the coastal peninsula appeared here around the end of the Tang Dynasty.In the 17th year of Hongwu's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1384), the Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, in order to resist the Japanese invaders, ordered the Emperor Xinguo Tang and built the coastal fortress. In February of the 20th year (1387)Jin Xiangwei, governing Pumen, heroesSand GardenSo far, it has been nearly 600 years.Jinxiang dialect is a kind of harmonious dialect handed down by Japanese officers and soldiers stationed in the city at that time.At that time, the Japanese officers and soldiers stationed in the city mainly came from northern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu and southern Anhui. They stayed there for a long time and multiplied their offspring. Jinxiang dialect became a mixed dialect island of northern Wu dialect mixed with Mandarin.It not only has some characteristics of the northern Wu language, but also is close toNorthern dialect, in Mandarin and WuMixed language。But they have been surrounded by Wu dialect for a long time.By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, as a large number of Fujian immigrants entered southern Zhejiang, they were in Fujian againLvshunSurrounded by, between Manhua area and Minnan area.Nowadays, Jinxiang dialect spoken by Jinxiang people has obvious Mandarin vocabulary and northern Wu accent, and some characteristics of Manhua and Minnan dialect.There is no disagreement within Jinxiang dialect.Jinxiang dialect is typicalDialect island38200 people use it.
Huangnan dialect
The north of Yongjia is close to Yantan Town of Xianju, Taizhou. Xianju dialect, commonly known as Huangnan dialect, is used in some villages in the north of the original Huangnan, Zhangxi and Xixia townships, and belongs to the western area of Taizhou where Wu dialect is spoken.The distribution area of Huangnan dialect is located in Kuocangshan District, with a very small population density, so the population is only 33700, accounting for 0.43% of the city's registered population.
Puzhuang dialect
Puzhuang Castle be locatedCangnan CountyPucheng TownshipIt is a famous anti Japanese city in the Ming Dynasty that has been well preserved so far in China, and it is now a national key cultural relics protection unit.Pu Zhuang's town is not far away from the city. People outside the city speak Minnan dialect, while about 8000 people in the city, whether old or young, speak a dialect that has been passed down from their ancestors and cannot be understood by outsiders - urban dialect. This kind of dialect is different from Wenzhou dialect in other Eastern Ou movies, and has its own characteristics.Puzhuang dialect can be called a wonder of Pumen culture. Its formation, evolution and development have gone through hundreds of years. It is neither Minnan dialect nor Ou dialect, and has become a unique dialect.The formation of this situation has its special historical background.Historically, Pucheng was an important military city, and the garrison officers and men mainly came from northern Zhejiang andSouthern Jiangsu, as well as the descendants of Minnan people, the dialects of different places have been mixed together to form a special dialect in Puzhuangsuo.
Tingzhou dialect
Tingzhou dialect belongs toHakkaLanguage.Wenzhou Tingzhou dialect is mainly distributed in Taishun.However, since the reform and opening up, with the development of social economy and the increase of communication with the outside world, many young Tingzhou people cannot speak Tingzhou dialect. The elderly and some middle-aged people in Taishun can speak Tingzhou dialect, with an estimated number of 5000.Taishun Tingzhou dialect is similar to Fujian dialectChangtingIt is difficult to communicate with Hakka people in other places.
Other information
In addition, there are many places in the Min language area south of the Eastern Ou area that are doubleDialect areaFor example, Shuitou Town in Pingyang speaks both the Minnan dialect and the Shuitou dialect in the Wu language Dongou area.Cangnan County has everything, and is the most complicated county in Wenzhou dialect.There are many places in Cangnan, Pingyang and other counties, where several different speech areas are often interlaced.For the sake of communication, many people have to learn two dialects, while others can speak three or four languages.Therefore, a situation of "dual dialects" or "multi dialects" is formed in these areas, which is a unique linguistic landscape in Wenzhou.
Academic status
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Wenzhou dialect (Ou dialect) is one of the representative dialects of southern Wu dialect.A large number of ancient sounds of Wu have been preserved.
Wenzhou dialect andancientFukienese, ancient Chu language and ancient Jiangdong languageChinese phoneticsHistory and language history have special significance.Wenzhou isSouthern OperaIt is the birthplace of Wenzhou dialect, and the works of Southern Opera left behind contain many Wenzhou dialect.Due to the profound influence of Southern Opera on Yuan Opera and Yuan and Ming novels, scholars need to quote a lot of Wenzhou dialect when annotating and researching these works.
Historical evolution
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Wenzhou dialect
Wenzhou dialect abbreviationOu language, YesWu dialectOne of.better known as YR. ChaoResearch on Modern Wu LanguageThe scientific definition of Wu language was put forward, and Ou language was recognized as a branch of Wu language.distinguished linguist and strong supporter of language reformIntroduction to Chinese LanguageIt is listed as Wu Yu Wen Tai system.The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences andAustralian College of ArtsCo editedAtlas of Chinese LanguageThe Wu language is divided into six parts, and the Ou language is the Oujiang part of the Wu language.
Ouyue belonged to before the Qin Dynasty“Baiyue”("Yu Yue"), the main body is“Dongyue nationality’‘“Baiyue nationality”The ancient Yue language, which is connected with Wu and Yue, cannot be connected with the "Chinese" language spoken by Qi and Chu.But with Dong, Zhuang and MyanmarShan , Vietnamese and Thai are of the same origin.There are still quite a few traces of Dong Tai language in the common spoken language of modern Wenzhou dialect.The ancient Yue language belongs to the South Island language family orDong Tai LanguageThere is also controversy, because the two are also closely related, but according to geographical distribution and genetic research, the Vietnamese are closer to Taiwan's Gaoshan ethnic group (Nandao language family Taiwanese language group), and are far different from the Zhuang and Dong ethnic groups of Dong Tai language.
Wenzhou dialect
In 333 BC, the State of Chu destroyed Yue and strengthened its rule over Wu and Yue until 221 BC, when Qin unified China, which lasted 112 years.Due to the influence and influence of the Chu people in Wu and Yue, the East Chu dialect and the ancient Wu and Yue languages were combined to form a new Chinese - "Jiangdong dialect", the direct ancestor of the Wu language.Tang Dynasty《Huilin's sound and meaning》The dialects spoken in the east of the Yangtze River are collectively called "the sounds of Wu and Chu".Most of the older words in Wenzhou dialect can be traced back to "Jiangdong dialect", which is also the main source of the white reading system in Wenzhou dialect.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han people officially opened up the Wuyue area, but southern Zhejiang and Fujian were still built by the Yue peopleEastern Ou StateAndFujian and VietnamAlways in an independent state.Although during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Eastern Ou State "moved the whole country to China, but it was known that many people came here, between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River", but onlyeastern Zhejiang provinceThe royal family and powerful.During this period, more and more borrowed words came from Chinese, but the main vocabulary of Ouyue dialect is still indigenous words.
"Jiangdong dialect" was divided into "Wu dialect" and "“Fukienese”。Wenzhou has been under the jurisdiction from the Eastern Han Dynasty to AD 323Kuaiji County, according to the Eastern Jin DynastyGuo PuRecords,Ouyue peopleThe ancient Wu language should be spoken from the Six Dynasties.Because of its border with the Min language area, Wenzhou dialect also retains many of the same features as the ancient Min language.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were several large-scale migration tides, especially after the Southern Song Dynasty moved its capital, the number of Han immigrants from the central plains of Wenzhou increased significantlycentral plainsThe orthodox Chinese culture brought to Ouyue has transformed the local Chinese dialect, and the Central Plains dialect has left a legacy in Wenzhou dialectcolloquial and literary readingsCharacteristics of.Wenzhou dialectIn the Song Dynasty, it was very close to the modern language. After several changes in the northern Chinese language, Wenzhou dialect still retains many ancient features of Chinese, so it can be read in Wenzhou dialect todayTang Poetry and Song CiEspecially smooth.
The similarity between Wenzhou dialect and Mandarin is basically the lowest among the various dialects in the south, which is very different from other dialects.
Dialect characteristics
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Wenzhou dialect
Wenzhou dialect is very distinctive. First of all, its regionality is very obvious. No one can understand Wenzhou dialect beyond Wenzhou territory.A few Wenzhou people are out of town. When they gabble about their hometown dialect, others will be dumbfounded.
Wenzhou dialect has become a natural link for Wenzhou people.It's about Wenzhou people who travel all over the country and encounter everything.Wenzhou dialect is likeInternational language。In Paris, France, there is a three kilometer long Wenzhou dialect“Wenzhou Street”, in the United StatesChinatown, New YorkThe unique Wenzhou dialect can be heard at the Rome Square in Italy and the Amsterdam wharf in the Netherlands.Speaking Wenzhou dialect is like a communist soldier hearing the Internationale, he can find his dear comrades, of course, strangers, and food and shelter.Because most of the Chinese restaurants in those cities are run by Wenzhou people, and because Wenzhou people are particularly hospitable, straightforward and upright.
distinguished writerYe YonglieHe told many stories based on his own experience abroad.On Christmas morning, he and his wife went to Chinatown in New York, USA.In a grocery store, he heard the landlady talking Wenzhou dialect to the waiter, so he greeted her in Wenzhou dialect, and she immediately smiled and said repeatedly: Oh, you are also Wenzhou!Come in and sit down, come in and sit down.She said that next door to her, next door to her, next door to her, are all stores run by Wenzhou people!That night, Ye Yonglie and his wife were at their relatives' home for a Christmas party. More than ten Wenzhou fellow villagers came.They do not use English or Mandarin, but talk in Ou language.In New York, which is ten thousand miles away from Wenzhou, it is simply a miracle.
Ou language is concise.On the street, a group of people are walking in front, and a bicycle is going to ride in the back.If you don't talk about the people in front, please give way. The cyclist is called: Nong!Nong!Wenzhou dialect has many reduplicated words.Go to the market to buy hairtail. Look at the eyes, gills and scales of the hairtail and say, "Fresh.".If it is extremely fresh, say: Fresh.This is a special format with "Xi" overlapping.It's very comfortable.Being clever means being extremely clever.Bitter is extremely painful.Manhua and Jinxiang dialect also have this feature.Another way is to use "dead Nong" and "coffin" instead of "very" and "very".For example, very cheap is called "dead Nong cheap", and very expensive is "coffin expensive".Manhua also has this feature.
Wenzhou people who speak Wenzhou dialect can both be bosses and sleep on the floor;You can enjoy the best and bear the worst.You can see that there are so many famous brands, brand clothing, brand shoes and brand cars on the streets of Wenzhou. They are really following the world trend and are all enjoyed by Wenzhou people.But these Wenzhou people, who wear famous brand clothes and shoes and drive famous brand cars, can bear hardships very well. In order to invest, to start a new business, they work abnormally and never stop running around.It is very enjoyable and can endure hardship, which is reflected in individuals.Wenzhou dialect conveys the distinctive cultural character of Wenzhou people: shrewd, pragmatic and rebellious.
Phonology
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Wenzhou dialectpronunciationandlanguage structure Relatively old, compared with Mandarin or othersWu dialectIt is difficult for people outside Wenzhou to understand.The pronunciation of stressed position is unventilated, but it is audibleDullnessThe feeling is very different from the northern Wu language, which is often puzzling.According to Records of Wenzhou Dialect and Wenzhou Dialect by Shen KechengConsonantThere are 35 (includingZero consonantAnd nny nng),FinalsThere are 30 (excluding n, m finals),tone8, two wordTone sandhiThere are 13 types of tone, but Wenzhou dialect is a pitythe entering toneRelaxed.
Secondary turbidityInitials can be divided into two sets: those with tight throat and those with turbid current. The former only spell yin tone, while the latter only spell yang tone.There is a slight initial of zeroglottal stop[ʔ]。
Note: In Lucheng Ou language, the new crowd will mix/ø y/with/ø/, and the two sounds are in the same phoneme in the mouth of most people.
Moreover,/o/and/ʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊ/also.
/The ei/and/e/are also about to be fully merged, and most people can't distinguish between "competition" and "world".
After soft palate plosives/k ʰ/,/k/and voiced voice/g/,/ø/is a phonemic variant of/y/.Most people unconsciously use the words/k ʰ y/and/k ʰ ø/for "trapped",/ky/and/k ø/for "official", "stem" or "root" alternately.
After soft palate/k ʰ/,/k/,/g/,/ŋ/, and gingival nasal vowel/n/, the/i/after enhancement is the phonemic variant of/e/.
Crowd A will read the words "open, change, channel, stay, and day" in/e/rhyme, which belongs to the characteristics of the old school and the middle school.This group accounts for a minority in Lucheng.
Group B reads this kind of characters as/i/rhyme, which is the majority of Lucheng Ou language users.
While crowd C unconsciously uses/e/or/i/rhyme alternately because it has been in contact with crowd A and crowd B for a long time.The number of people in group C is equal to that in group B.
There are also special cases where/e/or/i/are selectively used in different words in some people's phonology.For example, "the day=/ki ni/", "the day=/ni ni/", but "the day" reads/ne t f ieu/"the day=/ki ni/", "should=/ia ŋ ki/", but "damn" reads/ke s ɿ/
In the group A of new Ou language users, the "stupid/ngi/" after upgrading tends to be/ȵ i/Hubei oriented.
There are old and new differences in reading the word "appearance" today, and the new school generally says m ɜ (politely speaking le ³ ⁻⁻ɜɜ⁻⁻⁻ê);The old school has something to say about mu ɔ (politely say le ³ ≮ ⁻ɔɔ ⁻ ⁻ ⁻ ⁻ ⁻).That is, the food rhyme is read in the same way as the noble rhyme.
However, in some people's phonology, the upgraded "day/ni/" has been rubbed into/ȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵ.
tone
Wenzhou dialect tone table
a key signature
Tune
Value adjustment
one
the high and level tone
˧˧33
two
the rising tone
ʱ˧˩31
three
Suprapubic
˧˥ʔ35
four
Yang Shang
ʱ˨˦ʔ24
five
Yin removal
˦˨42
six
Yang went
ʱ˩˩11
seven
Yin ingress
˧˩˧ː313
eight
Yang ingress
ʱ˨˩˨ː212
The actual adjustment value on the yin side is ˦˥ʔʔʔ˦ 45, and the actual adjustment value on the yang side is ˧˦ʔʔ 34.The upper voice contains throat tightening elements.
tone sandhi
There are 13 types of tone sandhi in general,tone sandhi Three new tones are generated: ˩˧˧˧ʔ˩˥˧ʔ 53 (with throat tightening component, not marked in the table below), ˩˩˩ 1 (short and weak).
Yang ingress
ʱ˨˩˨ː212
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Yang Shang
ʱ˨˦ʔ24
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
the rising tone
ʱ˧˩31
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
front\Rear
the high and level tone
˧˧33
the rising tone
ʱ˧˩31
Suprapubic
˧˥ʔ35
Yang Shang
ʱ˨˦ʔ24
Yin removal
˦˨42
Yang went
ʱ˩˩11
Yin ingress
˧˩˧ː313
Yang ingress
ʱ˨˩˨ː212
-
-
-
-
-
the high and level tone
˧˧33
˩˩ ˧˨
11+32
˩˩ ˩˧
11+13
˥˧ ˧˥
53+35
˩˧ ˥˧
13+53
˥˧ ˩˧
53+13
-
-
-
-
-
Suprapubic
˧˥ʔ35
˦˨ ˧˧
42+33
˦˨ ˩˩
42+11
˦˨ ˩˩
42+11
-
-
Yin removal
˦˨42
˩˩ ˩˧
11+13
-
-
-
-
-
Yang went
ʱ˩˩11
˦˨ ˩˩
42+11
-
-
-
-
-
-
Yin ingress
˧˩˧ː313
˩ ˧˧
1+33
˩˩ ˩˧
11+13
˩ ˧˥
1+35
˩ ˦˨
1+42
˩ ˩˩
1+11
˩ ˩˧
1+13
colloquial and literary readings
colloquial and literary readingsIs a Chinese dialect or evenChinese character cultural circleThe common speech phenomenon in.The reason is that in different periods, the local dialect absorbed the pronunciation of some words from the outside powerful dialect, and coexisted with the original pronunciation of the word in the dialect.The new pronunciation is called Wendu, or "reading pronunciation";The original pronunciation is white.With the natural development of the dialect, its pronunciation today is also very different from that originally introduced.
In Wenzhou dialect, the pronunciation of both written and spoken Chinese is rich and varied, which makes the dialect words more abundant.However, the pronunciation of most words is relatively fixed, and can not be changed at will.The use of different pronunciations makes the meaning different.For example, the abbreviation "100" of the First Department Store should be read in text;As a cardinal number word, it should be read in white, such as "one".When outsiders come to Wenzhou, they feel that the most difficult thing to learn Wenzhou dialect is that they can't distinguish which words should be read in writing or in free. Improper use of these words not only makes people incomprehensible, but also sometimes makes jokes.For example, in the Wenzhou folk song Ding Ding Dang, there is a sentence "fairy well outside the Sanjiao Gate, pig head bell in Miaoguo Temple", where the word "horn" should be read as/ʨ ia/(foot), while the word "horn" in the "Sanjiao Town", which is often said, can only be read as/ko/(each).These phonetic materials corresponding to text and white provide us with certain clues to understand the development and evolution of Chinese pronunciation.
Why do Wenzhou people often refer to the "triangle city head" of Songtai Mountain as the "foot gate"?
This is because some characters have a literal vowel of o and a white vowel of a.For example:
horn
ko213
Sounds like "each"
Literary reading
Role
ʨia213
Sound like "foot"
White reading
"Triangle door."
home
ko33
Sound like "plus"
Literary reading
"Furniture."
ʨia33
Sounds like "Jia"
White reading
"A guy."
Soul
tʰo213
Sounds like "support"
Literary reading
"Down and out."
pʰa213
Sounds like "beat"
White reading
"Soul."
fork
tsʰo33
Sounds like "car"
Literary reading
"Forks." "Knives and forks for western food." "Chai Cha Cha Er."
tsʰa33
Sounds like "meal"
White reading
"Barbecued Pork Buns."
Deep frying
tso42
Sound like squeezing
Literary reading
"Explode."
tsa42
Sounds like "debt"
White reading
"Fry the pastry." "Fry the bell."
eight
po213
Sounds like "fighting"
Literary reading
"August 15."
pa213
It sounds like a hundred
White reading
"Little eight toads."
As for the pronunciation of the word "dragon", it is very particular. For example, the pronunciation of "dragon boat" and "faucet" is similar to that of Mandarin/lo ŋ/(cage);But "rowing dragon boats", "Yidoulong" and so on are used to reading Li Xuan (Liao) in vain.As for those gentlemen who are known as "national dragon and heavenly dragon", the elderly Wenzhou villagers often call them XX/li ɛ/, and as his book title, it is better to call it XX/lo ŋ/.Of course, if it is his wife or relatives, call it "A Long", but it has different feelings in the name.
Why is the "dragon" of "dragon boat" different from the "dragon" of "dragon boat" in Wenzhou dialect?
This is because the literal vowel of some words is/o ŋ/, and the white vowel is/i ɛ/, such as:
Loong
loŋ31
Sound like a cage
Literary reading
"Dragon boat." "Tap."
liɛ31
Sounds like "Liao"
White reading
"Dragon boat." "Water tap."
Long
long31
Sound like a cage
Literary reading
"Grand."
liɛ31
Sounds like "Liao"
White reading
"Emperor Qianlong."
ridge
loŋ35
Sounds like "close"
Literary reading
"Monopoly."
liɛ35
Sounds like "two"
White reading
"Two ridges of mustard were planted in the old year."
shed
boŋ31
Sounds like "friends"
Literary reading
"Cowshed." "Maopeng Factory."
biɛ31
Sounds like "Peng"
White reading
"Golden melon shed." "Belly shed." "Diaper shed."
Some examples of literal and colloquial reading
1. How to read the word "one" in One Weekly of Wenzhou Radio and Television Weekly?
Answer: Some words have a literal vowel of/ai/or/ii/, and a white vowel of/i/or/ɿ/.The use of different words and sounds makes the meaning different.For example, the abbreviation "100" of the First Department Store should be read in text;As a cardinal number word, it should be read in white, such as "one"."One Week" is the title of the magazine, which should be read in reading pronunciation, that is, text reading.
① ʔ iai213.It sounds like "B".Reading."One, five, ten." "First."
I ② ʔ i213.It sounds like "page".Read in vain."Same color." "Always."
Yi ① jiai213.The sound is like "wings".Reading."I Ching."
Yi ② ji22.It sounds like "night".Read in vain."Easy." "Easy."
Drunk ① tsai42.It sounds like "the most".Reading.Soak food with wine, etc."The shrimp got drunk and ate."
Drunk ② ts ʰɿɿ 42.It sounds like "note".Read in vain."If you are drunk with wine, you will not be drunk."
Eat ① ʰʰ iai213.It sounds like "crying".Reading."Stuttering."
Eat ② ts ʰɿ 213.It sounds like the entering tone of "Qi".Read in vain."Eat."
Rate ① sai213.It sounds like "lost".Reading."Leader."
Rate ② li213.It sounds like "standing".Read in vain."Efficiency."
2. How to read "Pu" of "SPDB"?
Answer: Some words have a literal vowel of/ʊ/and a white vowel of/ʊ y/."Xialupu" is the local place name, which should be read in white;"Huangpu" is a place name from other places, so we should respect the pronunciation and read.Therefore, "Pu" of "SPDB" should be read as "Pu".
Pu ① p ʰʊʊ 35.It sounds like "Pu".Reading.Words for place names."Pukou." "Huangpu."
Pu ② p ʰ ø y35.The sound is like "spread".Read in vain.The mouth of a small river."One tide leads to all rivers."."Go down to Lupu."
Lay ① p ʰ 33.It sounds like "Po".Reading.Verbs.Spray, spray."Sweep up the underground, and spread the water."
Lay ② p ʰ ø y35.It sounds like a garden.Read in vain.Verbs.Unfold and level."Make the bed."
Lay ③ p ʰʰ y42.It sounds like "broken".Read two words in vain.classifier.One berth equals ten li."Wenruitang River was called Qipu River in ancient times."
Wave ① p ʊ 33.It sounds like "Bo".Reading."Waves."
Wave ② p ø y33.It sounds like "𫗦".Read in vain."Ningbo."
Play ① p ʊ 33.The sound is like "wave".Reading.Broadcast
Play ② p ø y42.It sounds like "cloth".Read in vain."Spread."
Pu ① b ʊ 31.It sounds like "Bodhisattva".Reading."Acorus calamus."
Pu ② b ø y31.It sounds like "Grandma".Read in vain."Pu Gua." "Pu Shoes." "Pu Dun." "Pu Fan."
F ʊ 33.It sounds like a "shout".Reading."Fu Chai, King of Wu."
F ø y33.It sounds like "husband".Read in vain."Husband." "My husband."
Form ① m ʊ 31.It sounds like "hemp".Reading."Model."
Module ② m ø y31.It sounds like "magic".Read in vain."Mold." "Mold."
3. Why do Wenzhou people use the word "da" when they say "thin meat"?
Answer: Some words have a literal vowel of/a/, a white vowel of/e/,/i ɛ/.For example:
Up to ① da213.It sounds like "stepping".Reading."Developed."
Up to ② t ʰ e42.The sound is like "state".Read in vain.Delicate meaning."This muffin cake cooks well."
Bird ① ȵ ia35.The voice sounds like a "pinch".Reading."Roc bird." "Gun shot out the head bird."
Bird ② ti ɛ 35.It sounds like "beating".Read in vain."Birds."
Also ① ɦ a213.It sounds like "narrow".Reading."Yes or no?" "Yes or no?" "Yesterday evening was not cold at all."
Also ② i ɛ 35.It sounds like "Yao".Read in vain."Maybe."
4. Wenzhou people often say "lighter bell", but it should be written as "lighter wheel". Why?
Answer: Some words have a literal vowel of/a ŋ/, and a white vowel of/e ŋ/, which seems to be influenced by the Mandarin or northern Wu language, or left over from the old pronunciation of phonetic development.For example:
New ① sa ŋ 33.The sound is like "stretching".Reading."New." "New and old."
New ② se ŋ 33.It sounds like "rising".Read in vain."Fresh."
Shen ① sa ŋ 33.The sound is like "stretching".Reading."Reaffirmed."
Shen ② se ŋ 33.The sound is like "sound".Read in vain."Appeal."
Wheel ① la ŋ 31.It sounds like "edge".Reading."Wheel."
Wheel ② le ŋ 31.It sounds like a forest.Read in vain."Turn on duty." "Lighter wheel."
① tsa ŋ 33.The sound is like "increase".Reading."Hate."
② tse ŋ 33.It sounds like "steaming".Read in vain."Disgust."
Edge ① la ŋ 31.It sounds like "Lun".Reading."Square arris brick."
Edge ② le ŋ 31.It sounds like a forest.Read in vain.Prism
Net ① ʨ ia ŋ 42.It sounds like "state".Reading."Clearance."
Clean ② ze ŋ 22.It sounds like "Sheng".Read in vain."Clean."
Ming ① ma ŋ 31.It sounds like a door.Reading."Ming Dynasty."
Ming ② me ŋ 31.It sounds like "people".Read in vain."Light."
5. What is the reason that Wenzhou people call children "Xier" and children "Xiaoxiao"?
Answer: Some words have literal vowels/ei/,/e/, and white vowels/ai/, such as:
① sei42.It sounds like "the world".Reading."Careful." "Careful." "The salary is close."
② sai35.The sound is like a "broken" upper voice.Read in vain."The meat is tender and fine."
Sin ① zei35.It sounds like "being".Reading."Guilt."
Crime ② zai35.It sounds like the upper tone of "Shi".Read in vain."Crime."
Cover ① ke42.It sounds like "Kuai".Reading."Covered with rice." "Huagai Mountain."
Cover ② lai 42.The sound is like "drawing".Read in vain."Brain cap pulp."
① ne31.The sound is like the Yang Ping sound of "Nai".Reading."This dress is exactly the same color as your lines and vegetables."
② nai31.The sound is like the "internal" Yang Ping sound.Read in vain."Stuffed sugar cake."
Red ① ts ʰ ei213.It sounds like a ruler.Reading."Deficit." "Barefoot."
Red ② ts ʰ ai213.It sounds like seven.Read in vain."Red guy."
Boil ① fei42.It sounds like "waste".Reading."There's a lot of buzz."
Boil ② fai213.The sound is like "brushing".Read in vain."Boil."
6. Why do "bean" in "mung bean" and "bean" in "tofu" read differently?
Answer: In some words, the literal vowel is/ɤ u/, while the white vowel is/ɤ y/.For example:
Bean ① d ɤ u22.It sounds like a pimple.Reading."Mung beans."
Bean ② d ø y22.It sounds like "degree".Read in vain."Tofu."
For example: ① s ɤ u42.It sounds like "number".Reading."Simple."
Element ② s ø y42.It sounds like "litigation".Read in vain."Be vegetarian."
Acts ①.It sounds like "head".Reading."Disciples."
Acts ② d ø y31.It sounds like "way".Read in vain."Apprentice."
7. Why does Wenzhou call "ants" "tiger eyes"?
Answer: For some words, the literal vowel is/i/, and the white vowel is/a/.For example:
Ant ① ȵ i35.It sounds like "discussion".Reading."Ants."
Ant ② nga35.It sounds like "eyes" and can be read in vain.Ancient sound."Termites." "Tiger ants."
Research ① ȵ i31.It sounds like "Niang".Reading."Research."
② nga31.The sound is like "face".Read in vain."Grab the medicine and grind it into powder."
Tweezer ① ȵ i213.It sounds like "hot".Reading."Tweezers."
② ȵ ia213.It sounds like "pinch".Read in vain."Tweezers."
8. Why is the pronunciation of "potato" in "potato" different from that of "sweet potato" in Wenzhou dialect?
Answer: In some words, the literal vowel is/ɿ/, and the white vowel is/ei/.For example:
Potato ① z ɿ 31.It sounds like "late".Reading."Potatoes."
Potato ② zei31.It sounds like "Qi".Read in vain."Sweet potatoes."
Apply ① s ɿ 33.It sounds like a book.Reading."Implementation."
Apply ② sei42.It sounds like "the world".Read in vain."Give alms."
① ts ʰɿɿ 42.It sounds like "place".Reading."Irritation." "Puncture." "bayonet."
Stab ② ts ʰ ei42.It sounds like the voice of "and".Read in vain."It's raw." "It's painful to prick the nail in the eye."
③ ts ʰ ei213.The sound is like "red".Read two words in vain."Priced sweater." "Priced sole." "Priced net."
Flocculation ① s ɿ 42.It sounds like "four".Reading."Cotton batting."
Floc ② sei33.It sounds like "west".Read in vain."Tian Luo Gua Xu."
With ① z ɿ 31.It sounds like "Ru".Reading.Follow
Follow ② zei31.It sounds like "Qi".Read in vain."Whatever." "Whatever."
9. Why is the "South" of "Southeast, Northwest, and Northwest" different from the "South" of "Amitabha in the South"?
Answer: Some words have a literal vowel of/ø/and a white vowel of/a/.For example:
South ① n ø 31.It sounds like "male".Reading."North South."
South ② na33.It sounds like milk.Read in vain."There is no Amitabha in the south."
Trip ① b ø 35.It sounds like "companion".Reading."A stumbling block."
Trip ② ba42.It sounds like "Bye".Read in vain."Trip."
① d ø 213.It sounds like a paragraph.Reading.Merge."These two accounts start at the beginning."
② ta213.It sounds like "take".Read in vain.Many languages."Mouth and tongue."
Fan ① p ʰʰ 33.It sounds like "Pan".Reading."Panyu."
Fan ② fa33.It sounds like "turning".Read in vain."Tomatoes."
Fan ③ fa42.It sounds like a peddler.Read two words in vain."Repeatedly."
Ha ① h ø 213.It sounds like a rare entering tone.Reading."Ha ha."
Ha ② ha213.It sounds like "blind".Read in vain."Harbin." "Toad."
Ha ③ ha33.It sounds like a flat tone of "He".Read two words in vain."Puppy."
Turn ① ts ø 213.It sounds like the entering tone of "Zun".Reading."Dad is half a turn bigger than Mom."
Turn ② tsa213.It sounds like "Zha".Read in vain."Dongou Bridge Ramp."
12. Why is the "off" of "off relationship" different from the "off" of "off shoes" in Wenzhou dialect?
Answer: Some words have a literal vowel of oe and a white vowel of ai.
Take off ① t ʰ ø 213.The sound is like the entering sound of "exploration".Reading."Get rid of it." "Get rid of it." "Eat and take off food." "Three take off a box."
Remove ② t ʰ ai213.It sounds like the entering tone of "retreat".Read in vain."Take off your shoes." "Take off your clothes." "Slippery head slips." "Pull fart and take off your pants."
Take ① d ø 213.The sound is abrupt.Reading."Seize." "Seize power."
Take ② dai213.The sound is like the entering tone of "team".Read in vain."Gambling, looting, looting," and so on.[2]
Vocabulary and grammar
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Wenzhou dialect
Some commonly used words and names in Wenzhou dialect cannot be verified in ancient Chinese literature, while some words and grammar can only be found in classical Chinese.Comparison with modern ChinaGB 18030, Unified Code（Unicode）DefinedFont librarySome characters can not be found. Some commonly used characters such as "Tu" (here means a monosyllabic Chinese character with a left and right structure, the same below), "Fou Wei" and "Shi Guan" can only be found in the documents of the ideographic drafting group (IRG), while others can not be found in the documents of the ideographic drafting group.
The vocabulary of Wenzhou dialect can be divided into four categories in detail
Indigenous vocabulary
The indigenous vocabulary can include the words left over by Baiyue, and some words with local characteristics that are not used outside the Oujiang section of the Wu language, such as:
Wenzhou people often use "relying on nature/k ʰគគគ hu/" to express Putonghua: casual
To express the horror in Mandarin with "scalp swelling/d ɤ u bei ʨ ie/"
Expressing embarrassment with "staring at people/te ŋ na ŋ tse ŋ/"
These words and expressions are extremely rare in Chinese dialects other than Ou language.
Ou language, asWu dialectThere are many words in the language of Dongou, which can be connected with the northern Wu dialect area.For example:
mandarin
Wenzhou dialect
Shanghainese
Coin
Lead corner/k ʰ or ko ts ɿ/
Lead corner/k ʰɛʔʔɿ/
thing
Things/m ø z ɿ/
Things/m 601660660ɿ/
left hand
Jishou/tsei f_ieu/
Jishou/ʨ i s ɤ/
one 's right hand
Easy/yo ŋ f_ieu/
Easy/z ə n s ɤ/
hide
XX/k ʰ u ɔ/
XX/k ʰ̃/
flail
/g or/
Guan/gu/
Inherit the vocabulary of ancient Chinese
Some words are absorbed from ancient Chinese words such as:
"Wilt/i/": The Kangxi Dictionary is not fresh.Ex.: The food is not fresh.
"Explicit/f i/": The Kangxi Dictionary is written by Ming, Qing and Yi.Ex.: It's so good (very good).
"Chopsticks/dzei/": According to the Kangxi Dictionary, chopsticks are also chopsticks.Example: Clamp slowly with chopsticks.
"Then/ʔ n ŋ/": So does Kangxi Dictionary.Ex.: So high (such a blind risk).
Some words inherited from ancient Chinese can be compared with CantoneseFukieneseAnd Mandarin.Such as "falling rain", "accompanying", "no less than", etc.
Vocabulary comparison:
mandarin
Wenzhou dialect
Shanghainese
Cantonese speech
morning
daylight
Morning noon
Morning/morning/morning
noon
Daylight
Midday noon
Yan Daylight
afternoon
Second half day/second half day
The second half of the day
Lower day
night
dusk
Midnight
Late Dark/Night
Vernacular absorbed in modern times
Such as "like", "computer" and a large number of modern written words.
The following table shows some Chinese dialectsBasic vocabularyThe internal speech of Wenzhou dialect is relatively unified, while there is basically no similar speech in other places (a small number of dialects in the surrounding areas of Oujiang may be affected by it; some are scattered in other places):
Putonghua
Oujiang Film
notes
sunlight
Sun Buddha, Sun Buddha
Most cities only use "sun".
moon
Moonlight Buddha
Most cities only use "moonlight".
Broad bean
Huai bean
The pronunciation of "Huaidou" in Wenzhou dialect is similar to that of "pea" in Mandarin, and locals often think it is "pea".Wenzhou calls "peas" and "broad beans".
Slaughter
㷟
"Jiyun" is cut back and removed with soup.
monkey
Monkey big
-
marry
搝
"Jiyun" goes for a long time, and hands are raised.
Pig tongue
Proximal to pig's mouth
Wenzhou dialect calls "earn" "near"."Two quarter clapping of the table surprise - Volume 8": keeping score all day long is hard and hard, and you can't get much money close."Pig's mouth is near" means "pig's mouth earns", which is similar to "pig's mouth earns" in other dialects.
house
House downtime
-
soap
Oil soap/toilet soap/foreign soap
"Toilet soap" refers to the soap used for washing the body, while foreign soap refers to the soap used for washing clothes.
see
used in place names
Guangyun Ugly officials look straight at you.
Catch (a thief)
Bind
Bound in Wenzhou dialect, there are two pronunciations, "bo" (sound like "ba"),
One iaa, two la2, three so1, four s ɨ 3, five ŋ 2. Six lo ɯ (or li ɯ), seven ts'aa, eight puu, nine t f a ɯ 2, ten zaa[3]
grammar
Wenzhou dialect is used to putting nouns before attributives and puttingverbputadverbBefore, withModern ChineseOn the contrary.Some ancient Chinese grammar is still used.When using the perfectword orderWill be forced to SOV.
Remains of Ancient Yue Language
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vocabulary
Wenzhou dialect
There are many ancient Yue languagesBasic vocabularySame as today's Tai Dai, Zhuang and Dong languages, but also someBeijing languageSame.For example, (pe33, pomelo) is the same asDong language；Fog (moe22, fog), same as water;篺 (bba31, raft), 謴 (lai 35, gently stroked), 謴 (gang 42, abusive) are the same as Thai;Forcing (ba213, shoe partition), Ju (dai 213, bird pecking), Yi (yi213, you, you), Cheng (zzeng31, wine jar, wine jar) are in Zhuang and Dong languages;Ideas (nyi22 ddeu31, addiction), life (nie22, struggling to support), and buds (nyv22, buds) are the same as Vietnamese.
Another example is that Wenzhou dialect calls the field "Yang", and there are many place names with the word "Yang" in them, such as "Wengyang, Linyang", etc.Although this word is accepted in Jiyun Yangyun, it has nothing to do with the meaning of field.It has been verified that this word may be a legacy of ancient Baiyue languageDai 。
Another example is that Wenzhou people describe foolishness, stupidity and ignorance as "naive". Hoe33 sounds like "clam", which is like an individual being totally naive.Personally, I'm so naive and downhearted.It can also be used with a noun, such as "silly pig".Zhuang and Dong languages also have similar sounds and meanings, which may be the "bottom" of the ancient Baiyue language.
voice
stayZhuang-Dong group In the language, the first stop consonant is the most common consonant. In southern Zhejiang, the ancient Bang and Duan consonants are also pronounced as first stop consonants in many places, such as "scar, belt", which is a typical legacy of the ancient Wuyue language.
grammar
1. The most obvious evidence is that the attribute is placed after the noun (such as: "waist, hot, salty food, dried bamboo shoots, burnt rice, soft tofu, raw fish, raw vegetable, pavilion, wine and sweat, plate anvil, arm and hoof, title, shoe slipper, wall enclosure");Adverbs are followed by verbs (such as "eat more, walk better") and adverbs by adjectives (such as "red show, bitter pour").
2. The names of animals of different sexes are often added later, such as Zhu Gu and Zhu Niang.
The First Volume of Wenzhou Dialect · Cultural Studies of Wenzhou Dialect, the Second Volume of Wenzhou Dialect · Collection of Wenzhou Dialect Features, published by Ningbo Press, 256+435 pages in total, containing 5751 Wenzhou words
Written by Ye Jianmin
2005
Dictionary of Wenzhou Dialect, containing 1881 Wenzhou words
Interesting stories in dialect
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Wenzhou dialect
Ou language once saw such a story: a young man went to Western Europe, he did not understand foreign languages and did not bring an interpreter.As soon as he saw a person who looked like a Chinese at the airport, he would gather together and ask in Wenzhou dialect: Are you from Wenzhou?Some of the ten Chinese must be from Wenzhou.In this way, he successfully traveled around the world and returned home safely.To exaggerate, Wenzhou dialect can be heard all over the world.Wenzhou dialect has also made great contributions.This is absolutely true.During the war, our army entered the battlefield for the first time and was not familiar with local conditions.The terrain in the jungle area is complex. On a murderous night when the wind is high and the moon is dark, the Vietnamese army touches the camp and copies the military code book.The war situation is extremely urgent!How does the headquarters contact the front line?The telegram is no good. The Vietnamese army can understand both Mandarin and local vernacular.A chief of staff in the headquarters came up with wisdom in a hurry and even shouted that he had it!There's a way!Urgently mobilize the soldiers from Qianku Town, Wenzhou City, among the participating troops, and directly convey the battle order in Wenzhou dialect (here refers to Wenzhou barbarian).This strange weapon fell from the sky, which made our army appear on the battlefield and turn around the battle plane with strange words that could not be deciphered by military experts.
Wenzhou saying
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A straw core is also taken away.
The mice still love you.
Erlang God has a mouth to talk about others, but not himself.
Eating and eating in the Qi'er shop makes people trapped in the City God Hall.
Eighteen mortar stamps are still painted on the rock.
Wu Song fought against tigers at dinner, while Li Ji, the secretary, lamented the hardship.
People feel sleepy in watermelon garden.
He Xiangu said something to me about medicine.
Three catties of cat and cat dragged four catties of chicken.
When the yamen gets old, the red tassel hat pulls out his hand and walks away.
Three carrying poles can't fart.
Talking about eggs and gruel is very convenient.
Cangqiao old lady only talks about copper and mother of pearl.
Catch the Frog and vent on the cat.
Teeth open sugar, gold and opium to crack the line.
The plump chicken worries for the duck.
The water fowl frightens the Buddha.
The promotion of officials to the capital is in the basket.
The head of the cloth shirt sells Yao from spinning cotton yarn.
A dog's tail chops a line of deer.
Tian Xier crossed the river with seven feet and eight hands.
Draw a circle.
(Began) The ghost is still only (Began) Buddha.
Pants are worn, and umbrellas are bagged.
If you pull your pants, the couple will hold their breath.
Wenzhou Proverb
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When a country is defeated, a treacherous minister will emerge, and when a village is defeated, an idle peasant (person) will emerge.
A strand of hair tripped Nong (person).Mud Buddha also has earthiness.
Eating Nong (people) has a soft mouth, while taking Nong (people) has short hands.
Phoenix couple (and) chicken are difficult to mix.
A pig's belly eats as much as it eats.
Poor farmers (people) have to recruit rich people to sacrifice Buddha.
It is also known that people eat glutinous persimmons at the corner of their beds.
Ruo Li covers the sky as much as possible.
Take a boat.Life boat.
One bird, one worm.
Fence against pile, Nong (people) against help, Lord Guan against Zhou Cang.
Seeing is better than listening, seeing is better than trying.
Do the same thing, change the same muscles.
differentiate strictly.More friends and more roads.
When big trees fall on the road, some people talk about short and long.
The belly is separated from the mountain.
Su Qin asked for an official, but his tone was not smooth.
A rich family is better than a peaceful one.
Writing on cowhide is worth being honest.
It is easier to run a country than a family.
If you make a gourd, you will suffer a surge of soup.
If you can choose your son, you can choose your farm.
Learning hard for three years, learning lazy.
Eat not poor, wear not poor, will not be poor.
A broad heart is afraid of the long road, and a calculating heart is afraid of the dead road.
The Buddha depends on gold, and the non depends on clothes.Big trees and big shadows are bold and blessed.
Three parts of the appearance, seven parts of the dress, bad head dressed up to become a small Dan.
Three thirds of me dare to climb Liangshan Mountain.
There are many musical instruments and many drums in martial arts.
If the sky falls down, it may be so big.
Huang Cuiying sells flowers in the third class.
When people arrive at the winter solstice, they will live happily.
It is good to Shan Xin on December and try something new on June.
On the fourth day of the year, we will shrink, and on the fifth day of the year, we will lift our pavilion.
Before thunder wakes the insects, you can't see the sky for forty days.
The rain falls on April 8, and the river and pool are sunning.
Wenzhou dialect
Five glutinous rice dumplings were not eaten, and cotton padded clothes were sent slowly.By the winter festival, the coffin sky.
The dilapidated awning hangs in the Haikou, and the thatched house is pulled out.
The rain is afraid of the south wind, and the waves are afraid of thunder.
The rain goes to Shanghe Township, and the waves are washed away to Yongjiachang.No slippers in May and June, you can't go to Wunantang
Street, there are no knickerbockers in December, you can't walk through my Nantang.
Wenzhou nursery rhymes
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"Send Muffin Cake", "Ask Surname Ballad", "Ding Ding Dong", "My Mom Teaches You to Eat Wonton", "December Order", etc.
