Greenhouse gases refer to some gases in the atmosphere that can absorb the long wave radiation reflected from the ground and re emit radiation, such as water vaporcarbon dioxide, MostcryogenEtc.Their role is to make the earth's surface warmer, similar to the greenhouse's role in intercepting solar radiation and heating the air in the greenhouse.The impact of this greenhouse gas on warming the earth is called“greenhouse effect”。Water vapor (H ₂ O), carbon dioxide (CO ₂)Nitrous oxide(N ₂ O), Freon, methane (CH ₄), etcEarth's atmosphereThe major greenhouse gases in.
As of June 2023,In the past 10 years, global greenhouse gas emissions have reached a "historical high", with an annual emissions of 54 billion tons of carbon dioxide, leading to global warming at an unprecedented rate.[7]
On November 15, 2023, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) of the United Nations issued the Global Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 2022.On December 1, the China Meteorological Administration released《China Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 2022》。[8]In 2023,The concentration level of carbon dioxide is 50% higher than that before industrialization.[9]
greenhouse gases[1](GHG Greenhouse Gas): any gas that will absorb and release infrared radiation and exist in the atmosphere.Kyoto ProtocolThe six greenhouse gases regulated in are: carbon dioxide (CO ₂), methane (CH ₄)Nitrous oxide(N ₂ O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs)Sulfur hexafluoride（SFsix）。[2]
Important greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere include the following: carbon dioxide (CO ₂)ozone（Othree）、Nitrous oxide(N ₂ O), methane (CHfour）, hydrofluorocarbons (CFCs, HFCs, HCFCs)Perfluorocarbon(PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SFsix）Etc.Since the temporal and spatial distribution of water vapor and ozone changes greatly, these two gases are generally not taken into account when planning reduction measures.As for the《Kyoto Protocol》, specifying the reduction of six greenhouse gases, including those mentioned above:[1]Carbon dioxide (CO ₂), methane (CHfour）、Nitrous oxide（N₂O）、Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) andSulfur hexafluoride（SFsix）。The latter three types of gases causegreenhouse effectHowever, as for the contribution percentage to global warming, carbon dioxide is also the largest, accounting for about 25%.
Carbon dioxide (CO ₂) in the atmosphere isPlant photosynthesisIt is a raw material for carbohydrate synthesis. Its increase can increase photosynthetic products, which is undoubtedly beneficial to agricultural production.At the same time, it is a greenhouse gasHeat balance of the earthIt has an important impact, so its increase affects agriculture by influencing climate change.In addition, methaneChlorofluorocarbons、carbon monoxide, ozone, etc., carbon dioxide accounts for about half of the total greenhouse effect, and the rest is the role of various trace gases above.
The carbon dioxide concentration has a trend of increasing year by year. In the 1950s, the annual average value of its mass fraction was about 315 × 10-6, increased to 325 × 10 in the early 1970s-6, more than 345 × 10-6, an average annual increase of 1.0-1.2 × 10-6, or an annual growth rate of about 0.3%.Based on most of the measurement resultsindustrial revolutionPrevious carbon dioxide mass fraction was 275 × 10-6。
The main reason for the increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is the massive exploitation and use after industrializationfossil fuel。Since 1860, the average annual growth rate of carbon dioxide emitted by burning mineral fuels has been 4.22%, and the total emissions of various fuels have reached about 5 billion tons every year in the past 30 years.
Another major reason for the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the cutting of trees for fuel.The forest is a major "reservoir" in the atmospheric carbon cycle, and the forest per square meter can assimilate 1-2 kg of carbon dioxide.Deforestation turns the "reservoir" of carbon dioxide into another "source" of carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere.according toWorld Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO, 1982) estimated that at the end of the 1970s, about 2.4 billion cubic meters of wood were harvested every year, about half of which was burned as firewood, resulting in an annual increase of 0.4 × 10 carbon dioxide mass fraction-6about.
According to the above comprehensive analysis, if the current increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas concentrations is taken into account, the total effect of the increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases will be equivalent to the level of doubling the concentration of carbon dioxide before industrialization by the 1930s, which can cause the global temperature to rise by 1.5-4.5 ℃ more than the warming range that has occurred in human history.As the temperature rises, the polar ice cover may shrink. The melting snow water can raise the sea level by 20-140cm, which will have a serious direct impact on coastal cities.
methane
Methane molecule is the main component of natural gas and a clean energy gas. At the same time, it is an important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Its ability to absorb infrared rays is about 26 times that of carbon dioxide, and its greenhouse effect is 22 times higher than that of carbon dioxide, accounting for 15% of the total greenhouse gas contribution. The content of air is about 2ppm.[3]Produced by cows and garbage dumpMethane is also a greenhouse gasThese greenhouse gases are much more potent than carbon dioxide, but their retention time in the atmosphere is much shorter.[6]
Methane is produced by methanogenic bacteria or organism corruption in an anoxic environment. Swamps produce 150Tg (1T=1012) and consume 50Tg every year, paddy fields produce 100Tg and consume 50Tg, cattle and sheep and other livestock produce 100-150Tg during the fermentation process of digestive system, and organism corruption produces 10-100Tg. In total, the methane content in the atmosphere will increase by about 350Tg every year.Its average life in the atmosphere is about 8 years, and it can pass the following chemical reactions:
Nitrous oxideThe existence life in the atmosphere is about 150 years, althoughtroposphereChemistryinertiaYes, but it can use solar radiationPhotolysisstayStratosphere90% of them can be decomposed, and the remaining 10% can be consumed by reacting with active atomic oxygen O (1D).Even so, N2O in the atmosphere still increases at the rate of 0.5-3Tg per year.
chlorofluorocarbon(CFC-11 and CFC-12)troposphereIt is also chemically inert, but it can also be used inStratosphereUse solar radiation to photolysis or combine with active oxygenatomThe reaction is consumed.
CCl₃F+hv→CCl₂F+Cl
CCl₂F₂+hv→CClF₂+Cl
CCl₃F+O（1D）→CCl₂F+ClO
CCl₂F₂+O（1D）→CClF+ClO
Produce effect
Announce
edit
The reason why greenhouse gases existgreenhouse effect, because it has the ability to absorb infrared (a kind of thermal radiation).The ability of greenhouse gases to absorb infrared rays is determined by their molecular structure.There arenonpolar covalent bond andPolar covalent bond。Molecules are also divided intoPolar moleculeandNonpolar molecule。The strength of molecular polarity can be useddipole momentμ.Only the vibration with the change of dipole moment can cause observableInfrared absorption spectrum, the molecule with dipole moment isInfrared activityOf;However, if Δμ=0 molecular vibration can not produce infrared vibration absorption, it is non infrared active.[1]In other words, greenhouse gases are infrared active molecules with dipole moments, so they have the ability to absorb infrared rays and preserve infrared heat energy.
The main greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is water vapor (H2O), which is produced by water vaporgreenhouse effectAbout 60% - 70% of the total greenhouse effect, followed by carbon dioxide (CO ₂) accounting for about 26%, and othersozone(O ∨), methane (CH ₄),Nitrous oxide(N ₂ O) perfluorocarbons (PFCs)Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs), chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SFsix）Etc.
Historical origin
Announce
edit
Before 1820, no one asked how the earth got heat.It was in that year that Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830, French mathematician and Egyptologist) returned to France and put on a coat all year long, spending most of his time onheat transferResearch.He concluded that although the earth does reflect a lot of heat back into spaceatmosphereOr it stopped some of them and reflected them back to the earth's surface.He compared it to a huge bell shaped container, with the top composed of clouds and gas, which can retain enough heat to make the existence of life possible.His paper "Overview of the Earth and Its Surface Space Temperature" was published in 1824.At that time, this paper was not regarded as his best work until the end of the 19th century.[2]
In fact, it is only because the earth's infrared ray is absorbed by some gases or compounds in the earth's surrounding atmosphere in the process of radiating into space that the global temperature will eventually rise. Therefore, the function of these gases is similar to that of greenhouse glass, which only allows sunlight to enter, but prevents its reflection, thus achieving heat preservation and warming. Therefore, they are called greenhouse gases.It includes not only the original water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere, but also the emissions of human activities in recent decadesHydrofluorocarbons(HFCs), hydrofluorides, perfluorides (PFCs), sulfur fluorides (SFsix）, CFCs, etc.Different types have different heat absorption capacity. The heat absorption capacity of methane per molecule is 21 times that of carbon dioxide, and that of nitrogen oxides is higher, 270 times that of carbon dioxide.However, compared with some man-made greenhouse gases, it is nothing. So far, the strongest heat absorption capacity isHydrofluorocarbons(HFCs) andPerfluoride（PFCs）。
Main hazards
Announce
edit
Environmental hazards
greenhouse gases
Climate change and its impacts are multi-scale, comprehensive and multi-level, with both positive and negative impacts, but the negative impacts are more concerned.global warmingFor many regionsNatural ecosystemHas had an impact, such asClimatic anomaly, sea level rise, glacier retreat, frozen soil melting, late freezing and early melting of river (lake) ice, extended growth season in middle and high latitudes, extended distribution range of animals and plants to polar regions and high-altitude regions, decreased number of some animals and plants, and advanced flowering period of some plants, etc.
As the largest greenhouse gas, water vapor is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than carbon dioxide, but it is greatly affected by altitude and latitude, as well as the climate of waters and monsoonAbsolute humidityLargeMarine climateThe influence of man-made greenhouse gases is not obvious, and the influence of man-made greenhouse gases is greater in areas with lower absolute humidity, such as high altitude, high latitude, arid areas, etc.For example, the Tianshan Mountains in China are located in the inland high altitude area, and the snow line obviously moves upward.The artificial greenhouse gases accelerated in the United States, Europe and other regions with high humiditysteamOn the contrary, convection causes extreme low temperature and high temperature weather.Without the influence of water vapor, artificial greenhouse gases will always cause temperature rise, but the presence of water vapor willatmospheric turbulenceAnd the climate tends to be extreme.
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases areAir pollutants, "endangering public health and human welfare", human large-scale emissions of greenhouse gases are enough to causeglobal warmingSuch as climate change.
Climate impact
The impact of the increase of greenhouse gases on climate and ecosystems is a more complex issue.Although the increase of carbon dioxide is beneficial to increaseGreen plantsBut its increase will cause changes in temperature and precipitation, which will affect and changeClimatic productive potentialSo as to change the primary productivity of ecosystem and agriculturalLand bearing capacity。Because of climate changeecosystemAnd agriculturalIndirect impact, which may greatly exceed the direct impact of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis.according toClimate simulationAs a result of the test, doubling carbon dioxide may cause tropical expansion,Subtropical zoneThe warm tropics and cold zones have shrunk, the cold temperate zones have slightly increased, the area of grasslands and deserts has increased, and the area of forests has decreased.Carbon dioxide and climate change may affect agricultural planting decisions, variety distribution and variety improvementland use , agricultural input and technological improvement.Therefore, when formulating national development strategies and long-term agricultural planning, the background of climate and environmental changes that may be caused by the increase of carbon dioxide should be taken into account.This problem is particularly important and urgent for China, which is facing the pressure of population expansion and per capita resource poverty.
As of June 2023,In the past 10 years, global greenhouse gas emissions have reached a "historical high", with an annual emissions of 54 billion tons of carbon dioxide, leading to global warming at an unprecedented rate.Professor Pierce Foster, director of the Priestley Climate Future Center at the University of Leeds, UK, pointed out that the global long-term warming rate is currently at a high level, and the culprit is the highest ever level of greenhouse gas emissions.[7]
Emission reduction measures
Announce
edit
CO ₂ emission reduction
Concerned CO2 gas
fossil fuelCombustion is the main source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. When responding, enterprises/industries can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide:
Energy substitution: substitute natural gas for other fuels.
High efficiency or power saving equipment shall be used.
Introduction of renewable energy（wind power, solar energy, etc.).
Waste reduction to reduce waste incineration, burial or other physical and chemical treatment proceduresload。
Power saving: design of lighting management, air conditioning management in summer, and natural lighting and sunscreen of buildings.
Development and improvement of environmental labels or environmentally friendly products.
Green environment.
CHfourEmission reduction
Methane structural formula
Methane (CH ₄₄) is mostly natural emissions, and the natural biological anaerobic decomposition would have CH ₄ emissions, such as lakes and wetlands with low water mobility have a high contribution.The factors of CH ₄ discharge caused by human activities include the pollution of natural water bodies by domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, agricultural and livestock activities and industrial manufacturing processes.
Agriculture/animal husbandry:
Organic compost management, and proper treatment of odor or energy recovery.
Avoid burning agricultural waste or burning agricultural land in large areas as a farming/development method.
Industrial process:
Reduce the oil storage and transportation facilitiesLeakage, dissipation.
combustion system Properly manage and maintain to reduce the frequency of accidents or machine trips.
The oil storage tank is equipped with thermal insulation device to reduce the escape.
Low oil or oil-free coatings shall be used for painting.
Biogas ignition or energy recovery in waste landfill.
Biogas treatment or heat recovery for anaerobic treatment of wastewater field.
N ₂ O emission reduction
Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Flow Chart
The anthropogenic sources of nitrous oxide (N ₂ O) emissions are mostly related to agricultural/livestock activities, while the emissions from industrial processes are mainly related to chemical raw materials processes requiring nitrogen, such asnitric acid、adipic acid(with nitric acid as one of the reaction materials), etc.Agriculture/animal husbandry:
Organic compost management, and proper treatment of odor or energy recovery.
Avoid burning agricultural waste or burning agricultural land in large areas as a farming/development method.
Industrial process:
Improve the generation rate of main products of relevant chemical reactions (procedure substitution or equipment improvement can be achieved).
De NOx facilities are set at the rear end of chemical reaction of related chemicals.
HFCs, SFsix）Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), mostly used to replace the destruction of tubes under the Montreal Protocolozone layerSubstances (ODS): CFCs.Relevant uses of HFCs and PFCs include refrigerants for refrigerators and air conditioners, fire extinguishing agents, air gels, cleaning solvents, foaming agents, etc;And SFsixIt is used for insulating gas, fire extinguishing agent, etc.These three types of regulated greenhouse gases may cause emissions in the manufacturing and use stages.
When choosing CFCs alternatives, consider the ones with low GWPs (Global Warming Potentials).GWPs are listed in the table.
Relevant pipelines of air conditioning and fire extinguishing systems shall not leak.
When used for cleaning solvent, cooperate with other cleaning procedures and cleaning facilities to improve cleaning efficiency and reduce the amount of cleaning solvent.
The cleaning solvent recovery system was improved to increase the recovery and reduce the solvent loss.
The foaming product manufacturing procedure does a good job of waste gas collection and treatment.
Emission reduction policy
Announce
edit
Europe
greenhouse gases
Developed countries are decreasingGreenhouse gas emissionsOn the one hand, it mainly adopts comprehensive economic and financial policies, including:Voluntary agreement, energy/carbon dioxide tax, emission trade, renewable energy or cogeneration production quotaEnergy efficiency standardsDirect financial incentives for renewable energy, such as preferential rates, grants, tax exemption measures, etc.However, these policies are also changing with the difference in implementation.Take energy/CO ₂ tax as an example, which has changed from simple tax to "tax+subsidy".In the early 1990s, some developed countries began to implement CO ₂ tax on energy or fuel carbon content in order to increase fiscal revenue and/or reduce dependence on foreign oil supply.
Since the energy/CO ₂ tax has the role of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, many developed countries have taken the energy/carbon dioxide tax as an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.However, later, in order to avoid the impact of energy/carbon dioxide taxes on the competitiveness of domestic industries in the world market, some countries implemented low tax rates for high energy consuming sectors,NorwayLowered the seaOil and gas productionCO ₂ tax rate of,SwedenThe CO ₂ tax rate of manufacturing industry has been changed to 35% of the standard tax rate, and the tax rate of some energy intensive industries has also been reduced to nearly zero. The tax rate of energy intensive industries in the UK is only 20% of the standard tax rate.In order to stimulate the development of energy-saving technology and avoid affecting the competitiveness of domestic industries in the international market, many countries have turned taxes into subsidies.Tax preference or reduction policies for renewable energy, cogeneration and other energy-efficient technologies have been implemented to encourage their supply and consumption.From the supply side, it mainly includes various taxes related to renewable energy production or cogeneration, such as production taxfixed assets tax, VAT, import tariff, etc.
The British government has formulated thePreferential tax policies。In 2002, the installed capacity of cogeneration in the UK was 4700MW. According to the government's goal to build an efficient cogeneration of 10000MW by 2010, the UK government does not levy any taxes on cogenerationClimate change taxAnd provide investment subsidies to enterprises investing in cogeneration in the form of tax incentives.
France reduced 50% of CHP enterprisesCorporate taxThe local government can increase the reduction rate to 100% at most.Preferential tax policies have also been implemented for the use of renewable energy. Through tax preference and reduction of value-added tax rate, the cost of enterprises to purchase renewable energy equipment will be reduced by 15%. At the same time, enterprises investing in renewable energy can enjoy the policy of accelerated depreciation one year later.
U.S.A
On December 7, 2009, the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Lisa JacksonReiterating that greenhouse gases will pose a threat to public health and the natural environment, calling on the government to strengthen the implementation of the Clean Air Act, and saying that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is considering developing new regulations to further restrict theExhaust emission。
On March 21, 2022 local time, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) proposed new rules, requiring U.S. listed companies to provide investors and regulators with financial and risk data information in their business reports, as well as their greenhouse gas emissions and the impact of climate change on themInformation about.[5]
China
The Chinese government attaches great importance to and actively responds to climate change.In 2007, the Chinese government established the“National Leading Group on Climate Change”。In the same year, the Chinese government released《China's National Plan for Climate Change》This is the first national program of developing countries to address climate change.
In the plan, China's energy consumption per unit GDP will be reduced by about 20% on the basis of 2005 by 2010.The Chinese government also proposed in the Medium and Long Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy that the consumption of renewable energy should reachTotal energy consumptionBy 2020, it will reach about 15%.
To ensure the realization of these goals, the Chinese government has adopted a series of powerful policies and measures, with remarkable results.
In 2013, China will comprehensively carry out the work of provincial climate change programs to ensure the effective implementation of national climate change programs.
In addition, China's economic stimulus plan has allocated 210 billion yuan for energy conservation, emission reduction andEcological engineering370 billion yuan was used for structural adjustment and technological transformation.The livelihood project is 400 billion yuan, mainly includingindemnificatory housingFor construction, energy-efficient and environment-friendly materials will be actively used;The 370 billion yuan livelihood project in rural areas aims to improve rural living standards in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way.
While making efforts to cope with climate change, it should be emphasized that China is a low-income developing country with a per capita GDP of only US $3000.According to the poverty standards of the United Nations, China still has 150 million poor people.China has no choice but to face multiple pressures of economic development, poverty eradication and greenhouse gas emission reduction.In this process, the international community believes that China will actively take measures to cope with climate change within its capabilities.
The international community hopesCopenhagen Conference Positive results can be achieved.We believe that,CopenhagenThe key to the success of the conference lies in whether the agreement《Kyoto Protocol》The requirements of.Developed countries as a whole should reduce emissions by at least 25% - 40% at 1990 levels by 2020.
Developed country Parties that are not Parties to the Protocol shall commit themselves to complying with comparable quantitative emission reduction targets.Developed countries should fulfill their obligations, transfer technology to developing countries and provide financial support so that developing countries can effectively cope with climate change.
In addition, appropriate mechanisms and institutional guarantees should be established for compliance, financial support and technology transfer.With the support of "measurable, reportable and verifiable" funds, technology and capacity building from developed countries, appropriate mitigation actions should be taken in accordance with national conditions under the framework of sustainable development.
Currently,Global financial crisisThe intensification of climate change has brought severe challenges to the efforts of all countries to cope with climate change.However, as climate change is a more long-term and serious challenge, the international community's determination to deal with climate change cannot be shaken, its actions cannot be relaxed, and its strength cannot be weakened.in fact,international financial crisis If properly handled, challenges can also be turned into opportunities to achieve a win-win situation that protects the climate and promotes development.
China will take positive measures to cope with climate change and protectGlobal Climate SystemMake new contributions.
(The author is the Deputy Director of the National Development and Reform Commission of China and the Special Representative of China on Climate Change. Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2009.)
International agreements
Announce
edit
On December 11, 1997《United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change》The Third Conference of the Parties was held in Kyoto, Japan, which led to the birth of the first additional agreement to the Convention《Kyoto Protocol》。On February 16, 2005《Kyoto Protocol》This is the first time in human history to limit greenhouse gas emissions in the form of regulations.
Kyoto Protocol
《Kyoto Protocol》The goal is to reduce the emissions of six greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, in major industrialized countries by an average of 5.2% from 1990 between 2008 and 2012.Greenhouse gas emission reduction includes carbon dioxide (CO ₂), methane (CHfour）、Nitrous oxide（N₂O）、Hydrofluorocarbons（HFCs）、Perfluorocarbon（PFCs）、Sulfur hexafluoride（SFsix）。Among them, the EU cut 8%, the United States cut 7%, Japan cut 6%, Canada cut 6%, and Eastern European countries cut 5-8%.New Zealand, Russia andUkraineThe emissions can be stabilized at 1990 levels.The protocol also allowsIreland, Australia and Norway increased their emissions by 10%, 8% and 1% respectively compared with 1990.The Protocol does not stipulate specific emission reduction obligations for developing countries, including China.
Cooperation mechanism《Kyoto Protocol》Three new and flexible cooperation mechanisms aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions have been established - International Emission Trading Mechanism (ET), Joint Implementation Mechanism (JI) andClean Development Mechanism （cdm）。Emissions trading and joint implementation mainly involve cooperation between Parties included in Annex I;The clean development mechanism involves cooperation between Parties included in Annex I and developing country Parties in carbon dioxide emission reduction trading.
In order to promote countries to achieve their greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, the Protocol allows the following four emission reduction methods:
1. "Emission right trading" between two developed countries can be used to buy and sell emission quotas, that is, countries that are difficult to complete the reduction task can spend money to buy the excess quota from countries that have overfulfilled the task.
2. Calculate greenhouse gas emissions with "net emissions", that is, deduct the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by forests from the actual emissions of the country.
3. Green development mechanism can be adopted to promote developed countries and developing countries to jointly reduce greenhouse gases.
4. The "group approach" can be adopted, that is, many countries within the EU can be regarded as a whole, and some countries will reduce and some countries will increase, so as to complete the emission reduction task in general.
Release bulletin
Announce
edit
On November 15, 2023, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) of the United Nations issued the Global Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 2022.On December 1, the China Meteorological Administration issued the China Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 2022.The China Greenhouse Gas Bulletin released this time is one of the important decision-making service products of the China Meteorological Administration in serving the dual carbon strategy and responding to global climate change, which is the 12th consecutive year that China has released China's greenhouse gas monitoring.[8]
Important events
Announce
edit
In November 2009, many emails and documents of the world's top climatologists were disclosed by hackers.E-mail and documents show that some scientists are manipulating data and falsifying scientific processes to support their claims about climate change.People's focus turns to the worldClimate warmingOn credibility.The list of scientists was not released at the same time, and some analysts pointed out that this event may haveCopenhagenThe climate conference has a certain impact.
On November 21, 2012,world meteorological organizationAccording to the annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin released in Geneva on the 21st, the greenhouse gas content in the earth's atmosphere in 2010 hit a new high since the industrialization era.Among them, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by 2.3 ppm (1 ppm is 1 ppm) compared with 2009, reaching 389 ppm, which is higher than the average annual growth level of 2.0 ppm in the past decade and 1.5 ppm in the 1990s.
Due to the massive use of fossil fuels, deforestation and change of land use, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by 39% since the beginning of the industrialization process in 1750.In addition, the concentration of methane in the atmosphere in 2010 increased by 5 ppb (1 ppb is 1 part per billion) compared with the previous year, reaching 1808 ppb, 158% higher than the level in 1750.At the same time, the concentration of nitrous oxide, another greenhouse gas, also increased to a certain extent, reaching 323.2ppb, 20% higher than the level in 1750.[4]
Observation record
Announce
edit
On March 19, 2024, the World Meteorological Organization released the Global Climate Report 2023, which shows that:In 2023, the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, the three major greenhouse gases, will continue to rise at a record level in 2022, of which the concentration of carbon dioxide will be 50% higher than that before industrialization.[9]
