The seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units
Shenzhou Yingyi Yicang, located in Hengshui City, Hebei ProvinceShenzhou 107 Boling Road, covering an area of 3428 square meters, is an ancient architectural site in the Qing Dynasty.[3]
Shenzhou Yingyi Charity Warehouse was built in 1898, the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. It is a kind of self saving warehouse built by the people in the lean years at the initiative of the government. Its main function is to store food and relieve villagers.The traditional quadrangle style building in the north is used in the charity granary, which is a typical representative of the grain storage system in the north of the Qing Dynasty. It is also the only intact granary building in Hebei Province in the Qing Dynasty, and has the reputation of "the best granary in the world".The design of the granary is exquisite. From site selection to construction, it has been carefully considered. The design is scientific and reasonable in ventilation, fire prevention, moisture-proof, earthquake resistance and other aspects, reflecting the wisdom and technology of ancient craftsmen.Since 2014, Yingyi Charity Warehouse has been repaired as a whole.Shenzhou Yingyi Charity Warehouse is well preserved. It has absorbed the experience and methods of building protection technology of previous dynasties, reflected the wisdom of ancient craftsmen, and has high scientific, historical, and artistic value.[3-4]
In the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1896),Qian Dingming's sonQian SuqiCome to Shenzhou to be a magistrate and rebuild the granary;It was completed in September of the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1898).[2]
After the victory of the Northern Expedition, the Yingyi Charity Warehouse in Shenzhou became the seat of the Kuomintang's Shenzhou Party headquarters.[2]
In the 31st year of the Republic of China (1942), the Japanese invaders bombed the county party headquarters, and the Xiyuan Dongcang was destroyed by Japanese planes.After the Japanese invaders occupied Shenzhou, the Yicang was changed into the New People's Association.After the Japanese surrendered, the Eighth Route Army took over and the Yingyi Charity Warehouse was returned to the people.[2]
On October 19, 2019, Shenzhen Yingyi Charity Warehouse was officially opened to the public.After five years of repair, Yingyi Charity Warehouse became "Shenzhou Granary Museum".[4]
Shenzhou Yingyi Yicang is a traditional quadrangle structure of the Qing Dynasty, covering an area of about 3428 square meters, surrounded by walls, 56.13 meters long from north to south, 58.82 meters long from east to west, approximately square.There are 51 houses in the Yicang, which is divided into East and West Courtyards.From north to south, the east courtyard is the screen wall, the splayed wall, the gate, the east and west wing rooms, the banquet hall, and the Cangshen Temple;The west courtyard is a storage area, and the central building is a hearing room. There are symmetrical North Cang, South Cang, West Cang and East Cang on four sides.The east and west courtyard are connected by the moon gate.The whole building is exquisite, scientifically designed, practical and durable.[2-3][5]
Architectural characteristics
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site selection
The foundation site of Yingyi Yicang warehouse in Shenzhou is the highest place under the state administration, with convenient drainage, which can prevent the street from overflowing in the rainy season.The gate of Yicang faces north and faces a wide street. The transportation is convenient. The import and export of grain will not be affected.The west and east sides of the granary are separated from the residential buildings by a 6-meter wide corridor, which is beneficial to the management of safety, fire prevention, anti-theft, repair and other work of the granary.The moat is located in the south of the warehouse. The river is wide and deep. In case of heavy rain, water can be quickly discharged into the river. In case of fire, sufficient water can be used in the moat to put out the fire without causing great losses.[2]
The east warehouse, south warehouse, north warehouse and west warehouse of Shenzhou Yingyi Yicang have overhead moisture isolation spaces under the indoor ground to isolate the grain stored in the warehouse from the ground to prevent moisture from seeping up.At the same time, there are ventilation holes at certain intervals on the wall base of the damp proof space, so that air can circulate up and down between the ventilation holes, doors and windows and the shutter on the roof.In order to prevent alkali, a wooden waist line is set at the lower part of the wall of each building in the charity warehouse.The column grid of each warehouse is dense, and the space can be divided at will, which is convenient to use.Ventilation holes are set on the wall, which can also provide free access for cats, playing a greater role in preventing rat damage.[2]
Main buildings
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Dooryard
Shenzhou Yingyi Yicang
The entrance of Shenzhou Yingyi Yicang is the entrance to the office management area. It is three rooms wide, seven purlins and three columns in the deep open room, seven purlins and five columns in the secondary room, 9.8 meters wide in total and 6.0 meters deep in total.The front and rear eaves are provided with three step bucket arches, with 45 degree oblique arches.The corners and piers of the beam frame are carved with patterns.The panel door is in the middle.There is one ear room on both sides of the gate.[5]
Wing room
The two chambers are arranged symmetrically along the central axis.Each wing room is three rooms wide, six purlins and three columns in the deep open room, six purlins and six columns in the secondary room, with a total width of 9.6 meters and a total depth of 5.2 meters.The wing room is decorated with lattice windows, and its appearance is similar to that of ordinary residential buildings.[5]
Feast and Rest Hall
Banquet and Rest Hall is the main building of the office management area, where the main management activities are carried out on a large scale.Three rooms wide, seven purlins and four columns deep, north exit corridor, 10.65m wide in total, 7.72m deep in total, decorated with partition doors and sill windows.There is one ear room on the east and west sides of the banquet hall.[5]
Cangshen Temple
Cangshen Temple is a common small temple dedicated to professional gods. It has three rooms wide and seven purlins and four columns deep, with a total width of 7.32 meters and a total depth of 7.44 meters.It is decorated as partition door and sill window.[5]
Warehouse in storage area
The main building in the western storage area is the warehouse. Compared with other types of buildings such as residential buildings, there are many unique features in the architectural form and detailed practices to meet their use functions.First of all, the plane of the building is very long.The buildings in the office management area are restricted by the strict hierarchy system, with no more than three rooms.However, the warehouse is not subject to this restriction due to its special use function.For example, there are eleven bays in the north and south warehouses, with a total surface width of 34.98 meters, while the total depth is 7.88 meters, and the length width ratio is 4.5.Due to the short space limit, there are seven East West warehouses.[5]
Cultural relics
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Tablet Inscription
"Records of the History of Shenzhou Yicang" and "Records of Rebuilding Yingyicang" were found by the staff of the Cultural Relics Protection Institute under the stone table in the yard.When Hengshui No.4 Rubber Factory excavated soil for infrastructure construction,Excavated the monument with both pictures and texts (engraved with the plan of the charity warehouse and the inscription of the Yingyi charity warehouse, in which the plan overlooks the whole charity warehouse, and the original building structures such as the grain transporting door, the northeast gate, the warehouse entry lane, the office area, the shadow wall of the Ming Tang, the east and west wing rooms, the banquet hall, the warehouse god temple, the toilet, the guard room, the storage area, and the wall are clearly visible;The inscription was written by Xu Dunmu, a famous scholar in Taicang, recording the reason for building the warehouse, location, room, amount of money, grain storage, etc.).When the urban construction department of Shenzhou carried out the reconstruction of the old city streets, it found the screen wall in front of the original Yingyicang Gate under the Boling subgrade (it recorded in detail the names of the donors when the Yingyicang was rebuilt, the rotation operators and management methods of the charity warehouse, the cost of transportation and light oil for the reconstruction, and was manually written by the Zhizhou Qian Shuoqi)."Shenzhou Charity Warehouse", "New Yingyi Warehouse", "Shenzhou Yingyi Warehouse Map", and "Charity Warehouse Screen Tablet" are all integrated, realizing the integrity and integrity of historical material materials of Shenzhou Yingyi Charity Warehouse.[2]
Historical culture
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public granary
In the reserve system of the Qing Dynasty, granaries were divided into two categories: "Changping granary" and "Yicang".Changping granary is funded by the state and managed by the state. The stored grain is mainly used for state affairs such as war preparedness. Only the highest administrative organ has the right to use it.In this sense, it can be said that Changpingcang is a "royal" granary with large reserves and high level.The "charity granary" should be regarded as a "local" granary.It takes a certain administrative division as a unit, and is built and managed by local governments with funds. In a good year, each family is asked to take out a certain amount of grain and store it in warehouses. In a disaster year, local governments can distribute grain in warehouses for disaster relief.This practice is of practical significance. In the face of unpredictable natural disasters, many scattered individuals are organized together to take precautions and enhance the overall ability of human beings to resist natural invasion.[5]
Relying on the restored Yingyi granary, the Shenzhou Granary Museum has set up "God given Grain Luck - Grain Production Culture Exhibition", "Diet Life - Grain Culture Exhibition", "Restraint and Prosperity - Granary System Culture Exhibition", "Granary Surplus - Ancient Granary Culture Theme Exhibition", "Pray for Abundance and Harvest - Sacrifice Culture Exhibition" in the original buildings such as North Granary, South Granary and Hearing RoomThe five special exhibition areas, covering an area of about 1100 square meters, highlight the "national security" granary of the Qing Dynasty, and have become a cultural base integrating collection, exhibition, education, and scientific research in Shenzhou and a new highlight of Shenzhou's tourism.Shenzhou Granary Museum was rated as a national 3A tourist attraction.[3]
Cultural relic value
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Shenzhou Yingyi Charity Warehouse is well preserved. It has absorbed the experience and methods of building protection technology of previous dynasties, reflected the wisdom of ancient craftsmen, and has high scientific, historical, and artistic value.[3]
Shenzhou Yingyi Yicang is located at 107 Boling Road, Shenzhou City, Hengshui City, Hebei Province.[3]
Shenzhou Yingyi Yicang
Traffic information
Self driving: drive from Shenzhou Municipal People's Government, Hengshui, Hebei Province to Yingyi Yicang, Shenzhou, about 1.7 kilometers away, taking about 4 minutes.
