The broad sense of life style refers to the way people live and act, while the narrow sense of life style refers to the way people interact with Consumer goods The mode of combination is the mode of consumption. The mode of consumption is determined by the mode of production, and the social nature of the mode of production determines the social nature of the mode of consumption; The natural form of production mode determines the natural form of consumption mode; If the mode of production has changed, the mode of consumption should also change accordingly. The mode of consumption reacts on the mode of production. The mode of consumption corresponding to the mode of production is Production development market , promote productivity Development and Production relations The improvement of the production mode and the consumption mode that lags behind or exceeds the production mode will hinder the development of productive forces and destroy or damage the progress and improvement of production relations. With the progress of science and technology and the development of productivity, consumption patterns are also growing, such as convenience food, household appliances, modern Traffic information The emergence of tools has created unprecedented consumption methods and changed people's previous consumption patterns. Consumption mode is an important aspect of people's social life style. It is not only a way for consumers to have a natural relationship with consumption objects, but also a way for consumers, as social people, to form a certain degree in their consumption life social relations The way. Therefore, consumption mode has dual attributes of nature and society.
Consumption mode natural quality Mainly depends on natural condition (including physical geography 、 ecological environment , physiology, etc.) and people's ability to conquer nature, that is, the level of productivity. As a person under certain natural conditions, consumers need to natural environment The appropriate consumption objects and consumption modes can also produce consumption objects that meet people's needs through the transformation of nature; When people produce consumption objects, they also create tools, means, ways and methods to use consumption objects; For specific consumption objects (such as labor services), it is also required to consume in a specific way. Therefore, the nature of consumption mode Prescriptive And its changes are always consistent with human ability to transform nature and its development. Consumption mode Social attribute It depends on people's social relations, mainly including: ① society economic factors 。 include Socio economic form , the dominant society Production relations , suitable for the nature of production relations economic system , on commodity economy Conditional Consumer income And consumer prices. ② Socio political and legal factors. Including and certain economic system Adaptive political system 、 Political system as well as legal system Etc. ③ Social history And cultural factors. Including social and historical traditions Cultural tradition 、 social consciousness , customs, and consumers national culture , regional culture, age, occupation, family characteristics, etc. Among the above three factors, the economic factor determines the social nature of consumption mode Basic factors 。 Consumption mode is the way in which consumers have relations with consumption objects under certain natural and social conditions. The formation and change of consumption mode are subject to natural and social conditions, and also to certain natural and social environment Subjectivity of consumers in psychological factor Impact. For example, in commodity economy Chinese, why, what and how consumers buy, in addition to objective condition Besides, it is also restricted by consumers' personality, emotion, preference and other subjective factors. Consumption process It is the process of interaction between consumers' subjectivity and consumption objects, and the natural and social nature of consumption mode is also reflected in this process. In this sense, consumption mode is the sum of all the behaviors of consumers to choose, occupy, dominate and use consumption objects under certain conditions. There is some consistency in the objective conditions, and consumers also have some common Consumer psychology Therefore, a certain consumption mode reflects some common features of consumers' consumption under certain conditions Basic principles 。 However, the particularity of the environment in which people live, consumer demand And preferred Mutual differences , which makes the consumption mode of consumers vary greatly. Therefore, a certain social consumption pattern can only exist in the specific consumption patterns of consumers, and it is a summary of the common basic principles in the specific consumption patterns of consumers. The consumption mode can be divided into two basic forms: consumption by individual consumers directly and consumption by social collective organizations. The former is a consumer (including Consumption Decision Right individuals, families, etc.) organizer , and consumption as a consumer, which is realized through direct independent possession and control of consumption objects; The latter is organized by the social collective as the unified organizer of consumption life Consumer behavior 。 The necessity for consumers to consume directly by themselves is mainly due to two reasons: ① consumption is a part of consumers' personal life, Consumer needs The society must respect its right to arrange its own life; ② Consumers have independent Material interests , with independent consumption rights. The necessity of social collective unified organization of consumption also comes from two reasons: ① In terms of its natural attributes, some consumption objects cannot be divided into many units for consumers to consume alone, and only society can Public consumption In the form of consumption; Or the public Consumption form Obtained from consumption Consumption effect Better. Such consumption objects are often provided by the society, and the society sets consumption standards and organizes consumer consumption in a unified way. Such consumers often do not charge consumers one by one, that is, they do not pass the commodity exchange In the form of consumption, such as television, radio and other public consumption facilities. ② In order to achieve social political, economic, cultural, welfare and other social goals, the society must give certain unified organization to some consumers' consumption, ensure consumers' common consumption rights and stipulate corresponding Consumer responsibility 。 For example, to improve population quality , Control population size , or to achieve Members of society Comprehensive development The society provides education labour insurance , medical services and other labor services, as well as family planning, medical and health supplies and other material consumer goods, which are not completely sold in the market Social public consumption The nature of. The direct consumption of individuals and the consumption of collective organizations complement each other in meeting the needs of life. But in Consumption fund With the total amount unchanged, there is also a contradiction between the two. Assigned on Consumption fund We should make overall plans and arrangements to keep the two basic forms of consumption in an appropriate proportion according to their status and role. Consumption mode is an important part of the whole life style of human beings. The formation of a certain consumption mode is not the result of people's subjective and random choice, but is affected by a variety of social factors And natural factors. ① It depends on certain productivity Development level And certain Production mode 。 Individual production mode determines individual consumption mode. When the individual production mode changes to the socialized production mode, the individual consumption mode will also change to the socialized consumption mode. ② The production relations that adapt to a certain productivity also determine a certain consumption mode. capitalism The system decides bourgeois class The consumption mode has great luxury and vulgarity; and socialist system Has determined that people are material civilization At the same time Spiritual civilization It emphasizes that consumption should be beneficial to physical and mental health and social progress. ③ The way of consumption is also restricted by the natural attributes of products. Each specific product uses a specific method to consume. If you want to watch a movie, you should have the power supply, copy and corresponding facilities for showing the movie.
④ The consumption mode is also subject to the national geographical environment 、 Resource conditions 、 national tradition And customs, ethics and other factors. The mode of consumption is not negatively determined by factors such as production. Under socialist conditions, it will in turn have a positive impact on productivity and mode of production, promoting (or hindering) national economy The virtuous circle of and people's living needs have been fully met. [2]
