synonymHaier(American astronomer) generally refers to George Ellery Hale
George Ellery Hale, born on June 29, 1868Chicago-Died in Pasadena on February 21, 1938), United Statesastronomer。People call him "the father of modern solar observation astronomy."
George Ellery Hale once wroteMassachusetts Institute of Technology、Harvard UniversityThe Observatory (1889-90) and Berlin (1893-94) received education.When he was still a student at MIT, he had invented the monochromatic light of the sunphotographSpectroheliograph, through which the solar vortices andSunspotMagnetic field.
In 1890, he served as the director of Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory, and from 1893 to 1905University of ChicagoHe is also the editor of Astronomy and Astrophysics (1892-1895) and the founding editor of Astrophysical Journal (since 1895)."AstronomyPhysicsThe term "astrophysics" was coined by him.
He was good at raising funds from rich businessmen, and he helped to set up three large observatories and install the most advanced instruments at that time, including the refractor with the largest aperture in the worldYerkes Observatory(He served as the director of the observatory from 1895 to 1905) and Mount Wilson Observatory (served as the director of the observatory from 1904 to 1923).While working at Mount Wilson Observatory, he employed Shapley and Hubble, two later famous astronomers.In 1928, Haile obtainedRockefeller Foundation6 milliondollarDonation, constructionPalomar ObservatoryAnd install a 200 inch diameterReflecting telescope, which was the largest telescope in the world at that timeCalifornia Institute of TechnologyHarley also played an important role in the development of the university, making it a top research university.1969, Palomar Observatory andMount Wilson ObservatoryIt was merged and named Halley Observatory.[1]
Haier lifelong researchsunlightHe was the first to build the world's largestRefracting telescope, first foundSunspotThere aremagnetic fieldIt is the first time to organize a worldwide solar observation network, and in later years, it also plans to build a major project - a 508cmReflecting telescope。
Life
Announce
edit
Since the beginning of mankind, people have had a variety ofMyth and legendBut I don't know the true face of the sun.It was not until 1891 that a person in the United States successfully took the first picture of the sun with a special instrument invented and made by himself.The man's name is Haier.
Born in Chicago, USA, Haier was smart and eager to learn from an early age. He has a wide range of interests and likes to think.In his childhood, he liked to listen to adults telling stories about the sun. Once, he heard his father's friend say that he would cover the front and back of the telescope with blackened glass so that the sun would not be dazzling.He immediately observed the sun in this way, and a magnificent scene in the telescope unfolded before his eyes: the edge of a huge fireball was like a fire burning all over the boundless grassland, which was magnificent.This observation aroused his great interest in studying the sun.
In 1886, at the age of 18, Haier entered MIT to studyPhysics。During his study, he constantly explored new ways to observe and study the sun.Once on the train, a naive child sitting next to him blocked his eyes with red transparent sugar paper and said, "Look, my mother has turned red and my uncle has turned red." Haier also blocked the sugar paper in front of his eyes and looked at it. This phenomenon touched Haier's inspiration. He thought: Why are all the colors seen through the red glass paper red?That's because red cellophane filters out other colored light and only allows red light to pass through.Sunlight is the light emitted by the combustion of multiple elements. Can you use a device to filter other light and let only one light pass through?It was this inspiration that made him produce a special lens through many experiments——filter。On this basis, he invented a new instrument to observe the sun and took the first photo ever.
1908 Mount Wilson 60 inch telescope
Haier graduated in 1890.University of Chicago in 1892AstrophysicsAssociate professor, started organizing Yekeshi Observatory as director.In 1904, the Mount Wilson Sun Observatory, later known asMount Wilson Observatory。He served as the first director until his retirement in 1923 due to illness.In 1895, he founded the Journal of Astrophysics.In 1899, he was elected as the vice president of the newly established American Astronomical and Astrophysical Society (renamed the American Astronomical Society in 1914).His main contributions in his life are in two aspects: observation and research of the sun and manufacturing of giant telescopes.
In 1889, Hale proposedSolar monochromatorPrinciple.It was successfully filmed in 1892Monochromatic image of the sun, first seen during a non solar eclipseProminenceHe found a bright calcium cloud on the sun, which he calledflocculus。In 1904, he took the first sunspot spectrum film, which confirmed that the sunspot temperature was lower than other regions;In 1908, he designed and presided over the construction of the 18 meterSolar towerComplete the project and discover the sunspot magnetic field;In 1912, the 45m solar tower was built to study the universal magnetic field of the sun;The Haile Solar Laboratory was established in 1923, and the solar monochrome observation mirror was made the next year.He also found thatSunspot group22 year cycle of magnetic polarity reversal.
200 inch telescope
In 1897, Hale built 40 inches (1 meter) at Yerkes ObservatoryRefracting telescopeIs still the largest refractor in the world.In 1908, he presided over the construction of a 60 inch (1.5 meter)Reflecting telescope, installed on Mount Wilson;In 1917, he presided over the construction of a 100 inch (2.5 meter) giant reflecting telescopecosmologyThe research has made important contributions.When the lights in Los Angeles affected the Mount Wilson Observatory, he decided to build another Mount Palomar Observatory to install a giant reflecting telescope with a diameter of 200 inches (508 cm).The telescope was built in 1928 and put into use in 1948. It was later named "Haile Telescope".In December 1969, Mount Wilson Observatory and Mount Palomar Observatory were renamed as the Haile Observatory.
