Mountains in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province
open2 entries with the same name
Haizi Mountain is the watershed between the Yalong River and the Jinsha River. It is the peak of Hengduan Mountains - Shaluli Mountains.[2-3]Haizi Mountain has an average altitude of 4410m[8]。The main peak, Xiasai Mountain, is also called Nite Gangri Peak.The altitude is 5388 meters.[10]There are 1145 large and small lakes.Its scale and density are unique in China, so it is named Haizi Mountain[2-3][9]。It is also the largest ice body relic on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.[6]
Haizi Mountain is located in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan ProvinceLitangAndDaochengBetween the two counties.During this period, the ancient ice body remains are distributed on the mountain plain at an altitude of 4500~4700 meters, with angular peaks, ancient ice buckets, U-shaped troughs, glacial swales, cirque lakes and other glacial landforms, as well as glacial accumulation landforms such as terminal moraine levees, side moraine levees, glacial base moraines, serpentine hills, sheep back stones, and glacial boulders.Shallow hills alternate with Haizi, which seems to be the surface of Mars and is an ancient glacial landform[9]。It has a plateau mountain climate, cold and dry, strong sunshine, short frost free period and no summer all year round.
The formation of Shaluli Mountain is due to the disintegration of the planation plane formed in the late Tertiary at the end of Pliocene and the beginning of Quaternary, and the appearance of rift basins in some parts of the planation plane to accept river lake facies deposits. Since then, the plateau has continued to rise in pulsation. Due to tectonic rifting and the deep cutting of some large tributaries of Jinsha River and Yalong River, several rifts, river valleys and terraces have been formed[12]Finally forming Haizi Mountain and other mountains[2]There are a few faulted basins and tributary valleys.[3]
Xingyicuo is the largest glacial erosion rock basin in Haizi Mountain.
Location context
Announce
edit
Haizi Mountain is located in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, SichuanLitangAndDaochengBetween the two counties is the watershed of Yalong River and Jinsha River[2], part of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.[4]
geographical environment
Announce
edit
geology
Haizi Mountain has a broad terrain, with huge stone horsts and granites everywhere, belonging to Yanshanian granite stratum.[4]
Haizi Mountain Ancient Ice Cap
landforms
Haizi MountainIce erosionThe terrain is very developed, and the genesis of rock basin can be divided into pure erosion type and erosion accumulation type;The scope of the ancient ice cap ranks first in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.Haizi Mountain has undulating peaks, overlapping peaks and ridges, and most of the ridges are rounded and sheep backed[6]；The plateau surface isQinghai Tibet PlateauThe largest ancient ice body remains, namely "Daocheng Ancient Ice Cap".[2-3]
climate
Haizi Mountain belongs to cold temperate zone with high altitude and plateau climate. The average annual temperature is 3.0 ℃, the average annual precipitation is 600~750 mm, and the rainy season lasts from June to August;With the increase of altitude, the temperature and heat decrease, and the precipitation increases.[7]
vegetation
Haizi Mountain belongs to the original vegetation area of Western Sichuan Mountain and the vegetation community of northern Shaluli Mountain in Sichuan vegetation division.Vegetation in the Reserve can be roughly divided into:
Broad leaved forest belt is located below 4050 meters above sea level, mainly including Sichuan Yunnan alpine oak, birch, round leaf, alpine birch, etc.
Below 4200 meters above sea level, there are mainly coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests dominated by Abies yunnanensis, Abies lepidopica, Picea lijiang, Picea chuanxi, etc.
The coniferous forests between 3900 and 4400 meters above sea level are mainly composed of big fruit redwood, Sichuan Yunnan fir, scale bark fir, western Sichuan spruce, etc.
Alpine shrubs are distributed between 3800 and 4700 meters above sea level, mainly including seabuckthorn, narrow leaf Xianbei flower, etc.
Alpine meadows are widely distributed.It is distributed from 3500 to 4700 meters above sea level, mainly including tufted grass meadow, Kobresia meadow and miscellaneous grass meadow.
Wetlands are mainly distributed over 4200 meters, mainly including marsh wetlands, lake wetlands and river wetlands.
Alpine Liushitan in the Reserve is mainly distributed above 4700 meters above sea level, mainly composed of leathery shrubs and herbs.[7]
hydrology
There are 1145 large and small Haizi (lakes) within 3200 square kilometers of Haizi Mountain.[6]This number has a masking element.1: The 100000 topographic map shows that the number of lakes that can be drawn is 466, and the average density of lakes in the core area is about 0.16 per square kilometer. There are still a large number of small lakes that cannot be noted on the map.It should be noted that the lakes in Haizi Mountain have disappeared and increased every year due to the impact of precipitation. The number is not static, but dynamic.[9]There are Xingyicuo, Dongcuo, Yincuo, ETCuo and other lakes.
Mountain range relationship
Announce
edit
Mountains
Haizi Mountain is the peak of Hengduan Mountain - Shaluli Mountain.Hengduan Mountain is composed of "seven veins and six rivers", which are parallel to each other from north to south and cross from east to west, becoming the most peculiar mountain on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and mainland China.From east to west, the seven mountains are:Minshan、Qionglai Mountain、Great Snow Mountain、Shaluli MountainMangkang Yunling Mountain, He Nian Taweng Mountain-Nushan Mountain, Boshula Ridge-Gaoligong Mountain, collectively referred to as "cross the seven veins".Among them, the Shaluli Mountain is the fourth vein, which runs across the middle and is the central mountain range of Hengduan Mountain.Shaluli Mountain starts in the northChola MountainSouth, ending in YunnanYulong Snowmountain。[2-3]
Main peaks
Xiasai Mountain, the main peak of Haizi Mountain, also known as Nite Gangri Peak, is 5388 meters above sea level.[10]
Resource status
Announce
edit
Biological resources
plant resources
The eastern part of Haizi is densely forested, and caterpillar fungus, fritillaria, and astragalus are widely grown.[6]
Animal resources
Haizi Mountain is the habitat of deer, deer, deer, bear, leopard, wild boar, wild sheep and rare white lipped deer, producing plateau yellow croaker.[6]
mineral resources
There are copper deposits in the south of Haizi Mountain and gold deposits in the east.
In 1982, the fossils of "dinosaur teeth" were excavated near Daoban, 75 kilometers away from the middle of Haizi Mountain, and the fossils of "eucalyptus" were found in the south foot.[6]
Historical culture
Announce
edit
Origin of place names
Haizi Mountain has 1145 large and small haizi.Its scale and density are unique in China, so it is named Haizi Mountain[2]。
The ancient ice cap of Haizi Mountain, photographed from high altitude, seems to be the surface of Mars
Major events
Haizi Mountain has aHigh altitude cosmic ray observatory(LHAASO) to study the origin of cosmic rays.This is another milestone in the construction of China's major scientific and technological infrastructure.Using the observatory, scientists will "talk" to the universe and solve the century puzzle of the origin of cosmic rays.[1][4]It is the world's largest and most sensitive cosmic ray observatory.On May 10, 2023, LHAASO successfully passed the national acceptance and was officially "on duty".[13]
Cosmic ray observatory
Climbing history
On October 13, 2005, Karen McNeil of Canada and Pat Deavoll of New Zealand set out from the north ditch of the mountain peak, crossed the Pingkou of the western ridge, turned to the southwest ridge, and reached the summit of Xai Sai Peak for the first time. A few days later, a British mountaineering team also succeeded in climbing from the north wall.
In January 2009, an Austrian three person mountaineering team set out from the shore of Lake Tsoniba on the south slope and successfully climbed the summit. The route is unknown.
In May 2010, the Sichuan Shushan expedition tried to reach the summit via the southwest slope route of Yuqike Haizi, but it was blocked by deep snow and did not reach the glacier.[11]
Value significance
Announce
edit
There were three ice covered periods in the history of the earth, which were called "three ice ages" by geologists.That is, about 700 million years ago, the Late Nanhuanian Great Ice Age, about 300 million years ago, the Late Paleozoic Great Ice Age, and 2.6-3 million years ago, the Quaternary Great Ice Age.The ancient ice cap of Haizi Mountain in Daocheng belongs to the relics of the Quaternary Great Ice Age.This ice age is of great significance because it is the closest to the present time and accompanied by the birth and development of human beings.The study of the Quaternary climate change in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is generally regarded as the key to understanding the global environmental change.The paleoglacial event is the most direct and powerful geological evidence of climate fluctuations in the Quaternary period.
Therefore, the Quaternary glaciers distributed in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas have naturally become one of the important contents of the study of climate change in Asia and even the world.[9]
