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Circulating capital includesnational debtOther bonds and proprietary stocks that can be circulated in the national inter-bank marketbank depositAnd cash (including transactionsClearing funds）；Has been used forRepurchase financingThe national debt and other bonds shall not be included in the working capital.
Working capital andfixed capitalIs divided fromCapital turnoverPut forward from different angles.fixedcapital valueAfter a long period of time and many times of production process, we gradually transferred to new products.Advances to fixed capitalPrepaid capitalIt is corresponding to the degree of wear and tear of fixed capital, part by part returned to the hands of capitalists.Prepaid capital advanced on working capital will go through a production process andSales processAnd all of them will be returned to the capitalists.Therefore, the turnover speed of working capital is much faster than that of fixed capital.In the time required for a turnover of fixed capital, working capital can often be turned over dozens, hundreds or more times.
Conceptual composition
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The different components of working capital have both the commonness of quick turnover and different characteristics.Used to purchase raw materials, fuels, etcObject of laborThe working capital ofConstant capital。TheirMaterial formAt one timeProduction processAll of them will be consumed and transformed into new products. Their value will also be transferred to the products at one timeCirculation field, byCommodity capitalBecomesMonetary capital, then becomesProductive capital, complete a turnover.The part of working capital used to purchase labor isVariable capitalIts value is not transferred, but re created in the production process by the use of labor, that is, the labor of workers.The labor force not only producesvalue of labor powerAnd createdsurplus value。All of theseNew value, are added to the products and are occupied by the capitalists.
to make clearfixed capitalThe same as the division of working capitalConstant capital and variable capitalThe distinction between the two is important for revealingcapitalismProduction relationsThe essence of is of great significance.The division of constant capital and variable capital is based onValue proliferationThe role of.The two classifications have their own meanings and cannot be confused.bourgeois classEconomists usually only recognize the difference between fixed capital and working capital, but deny or conceal the difference between constant capital and variable capital, in order to cover up the real source of surplus value.
Working capitalProductive capitalThe proportion ofPrepaid capitalThe turnover speed of has a great impact.The higher the proportion of working capital and the faster the turnover speed, the faster the turnover speed of prepaid total capital.
The former is divided according to the different ways of capital value turnover, while the latter is divided according to the different parts of capitalsurplus valueDifferent roles played in the production process;
2. The content of division is different.
Constant capital includesLabor materialsandObject of laborCapital, while fixed capital only includes capital used for means of labor
According to the role of means of production in surplus value production
Various elements of productive capital
Divided according to the value turnover mode of production capital
Constant capital
Labor materials
fixed capital
Object of labor
working capital
Variable capital
the labor
3. The purpose of division is different.
The division of fixed capital and working capital is to explainProductive capitalDifferent parts ofCapital turnoverSpeed thus affectssurplus valueDifferent impacts of quantity;andConstant capital and variable capitalThe purpose of the division is to explain that variable capital is the real source of surplus value, thus revealing the fact of capitalist exploitation.
