Activators are agents that can increase the activation of other substances.In polymer chemistry, refers to the ability toHeterocyclic compoundA substance in which the bond between carbon atoms and heteroatoms in a molecule is easy to break and polymerize or condense.Water, alcohol, acid and alkali are commonly used.For example, caprolactam is condensed intoPolycaprolactamA small amount of water is added as an activator to split the ring for condensation.stayLuminescent materialMedium refers to the trace substance that can cause luminescence.For example, zinc sulfide and cadmium phosphide are used as luminous pigments, and trace silver or copper can be added as activator.[2]
Composition and purpose
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In practice, inorganic acids, alkalis, metal cations andalkaline-earth metalCations, sulfides, organic compounds, etc.As follows:[1]
Main applications: for activation of pyrite inhibited by lime;Used for activation of beryllium, lithium minerals and feldspar in rare metal ores
Inorganic bases mainly include sodium carbonate (NatwoCOthree）、sodium hydroxide（NaOH）；
Main application: used for activation of pyrite inhibited by lime and precipitation of unavoidable ions
Metal cations and alkaline earth metal cations
Metal cations mainly include: Cu2+Such as copper sulfate (CuSOfour·5HtwoO）、Pb2+Such as lead nitrate (Pb (NOthree)two）；
Main applications: When xanthate collectors are used, they are used for activated flotation of iron sulfide and sphalerite;Used for activated stibnite flotation
alkaline-earth metalCations mainly include: Ca2+Such as calcium oxide (CaO), Ba2+Such as calcium chloride (CaCltwo）, barium chloride (BaCltwo）；
Main purpose: useCarboxylic acid collectorsWhen used for silicate minerals;Activation flotation of quartz;For barite activation flotation
Sulfides and organic compounds
Sulfides mainly include sodium sulfide (NatwoS·9HtwoO）、Sodium hydrosulfide（NaHS）；
Main uses: When xanthate collectors are used, they can be used as the activator for flotation of copper, lead, zinc and other non-ferrous metal oxide ores;When amine collector is used, it can be used as activator for zinc oxide mineral flotation
When processing nonferrous polymetallic oresGrindingDuring the process, the mineral surface spontaneously interacts with some soluble salt ions. For example, when sphalerite and copper sulfide minerals coexist, a small amount of copper sulfide minerals will be oxidized into copper sulfate during the oxidation after ore mining. The Cu2+ions in the slurry interact with the surface of sphalerite to activate it, causing difficulties in the separation of copper and zinc. Lime or sodium carbonate and other regulators need to be added to precipitate,Some "unavoidable ions" that may cause activation.
Preactivation
It refers to adding an activator to activate a mineral in order to select it.WhenPyriteIn case of heavy oxidation, sulfuric acid is added to dissolve the oxide film on the pyrite surface before flotation to expose the fresh surface for flotation.
Reactivation
It refers to a mineral that has been previously suppressed, such as sphalerite that has been suppressed by cyanide, and can be reactivated by adding copper sulfate.
Sulfuration
It means that the metal oxide ore is first treated with sodium sulfide to generate a layer of metal sulfur mineral film on the surface of the oxide ore, and then flotation is carried out with xanthate.
FingeringRubber compoundCan be increased after intermediateacceleratoractivityTo reduce or shorten the amount of acceleratorvulcanizationThe substance of time.Sometimes calledPromoter。Adding a small amount of active agent can greatly improveVulcanizateOfDegree of vulcanizationAnd heat resistance.active agentIt can be divided into inorganic and organic.Inorganic active agentMainlymetallic oxide, withzinc oxideandActive zinc oxideMost important.Organic active agentThen usestearic acidIs representative.It will decrease when the amount of fatty acid is largeVulcanization rate, but it can make the vulcanization more sufficient, and can obtainHeat resistanceOkaycross-linkingStructure.[3]
