The Tianjin Light Strait has a zigzag coastline with manycapeAnd the harbor.Gorge mouthThe two sides have a detection and monitoring network.There are Dacaojun Port andAomori Port；There areHakodatePort.Hakodate Port is the base of Japan Maritime Self Defense Force.The cross-strait traffic mainly depends on Longfeiqi andBaishen CapeThe ferry between.Since 1971, Japan has built Qinghan Seabed hererailway tunnel, starting from Qingsen in the southImabetsu The tunnel is 53.85 kilometers long, 23.3 kilometers long at the bottom of the sea, 9 meters high and 11 meters wide, with the top to the water surfaceVertical distance240 meters, the longest undersea tunnel in the world.In March 1988, the Qinghan subsea tunnel was opened to traffic.After opening to traffic, it will connect Honshu with Hokkaido, which will improve the quality of JapanTransportationIt is of great significance to enhance the national defense in northern Japan.The strait runs from east to west, about 130 kilometers long, and 18-75 kilometers wide from north to south.The strait is wide in the middle and narrow at both ends. It is about 20 kilometers wide at the east end and only 18 kilometers wide at the west end.The terrain of the strait is rugged, deep in the east and shallow in the west, 133 meters at the shallowest point in the west, and 449 meters at the deepest point in the east.The central waterway is generally 200 meters deep, and the deepest is 521 meters.The horizontal sea floor of the strait is also very different, such as from Longfeiqi toBaishen CapeBetween, there are two protruding parts, and three submarine depressions with depths of 280 meters, 350 meters and 450 meters.Sea of JapanThe sea water is exchanged with the Pacific Ocean through the strait.The warm current in the Sea of Japan converges in the Tsugaru Strait and then flows out.The current flowing out of the strait comes fromBering SeaThe cold current ofNutrient saltsAnd there are tropical and frigidplankton, is importantFishery base。The complex terrain of the Tsugaru Strait has caused surging waves, which has seriously affected the transportation between Japan's two largest islands.Japan began to build the Qinghan Tunnel project through the Tsugaru Strait in 1971. The total length of the tunnel is 53.85 kilometers, and the underwater part is 23.3 kilometers.This grand and arduous project was completed in 1982 and became the transportation artery connecting Honshu and Hokkaido.Qinghan TunnelAomori Hakodate Tunnel connects Aomori and Hokkaido in Honshu, JapanHakodate。
Jinqing Strait
Channel Tunnel
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Channel Tunnel
Qinghan TunnelIt was built in the Tianjin Light StraitChannel Tunnel, which connects Aomori andHokkaidoOfHakodate。For a long time,Honshu, JapanAomori and Hakodate in Hokkaido face each other across the sea, and the middle is across the deep and fast flowing Jinqing Strait.The passengers and freight between the two places can only rely on sea ferries except for planes.The sea voyage from Aomori to Hakodate on the other side of the strait takes 4.5 hours, and in typhoon season, the sea voyage will be interrupted at least 80 times a year.As a result, people are eager to have more economical and convenient transportation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits in addition to planes and ferries.The idea of Qinghan Tunnel came into being.In May 1964,Qinghan TunnelStart diggingSurvey tunnel。After 7 years of variousSubmarine scienceAfter investigation, the experts finally selected a safe tunnel location and formally started excavation of the main tunnel in April 1971.After 12 years of construction, from the south on January 27, 1983aomori Imabetsu Binming, north to HokkaidoShiriuchi Soup, the longest in the worldSubsea tunnel- The pilot tunnel of Qinghan Tunnel was finally opened.On March 13, 1988, the Qinghan Tunnel was officially opened to traffic, thus ending the gap between Honshu and Hokkaido in Japansea transportHistory of.In the morning of March 13, the first electrified train loaded with passengersAomori StationandHakodate StationRelative emission.It only takes about 30 minutes for the tram to cross the Jinqing Strait from the seabed.[1]
Qinghan TunnelIt is composed of 3 tunnels.The total length of the main tunnel is 53.85km, including 23.3km for the submarine part and 23.3km for the onshore partHonshu13.55 km on one side,Hokkaido17 km on one side.The main tunnel is 11.9m wide, 9m high and 80m2 in section.In addition to the main tunnel, there are twoAuxiliary tunnelThe first is the pilot tunnel for the investigation of seabed geology;Second, equipment handling and transportationsandOperation tunnel of.The two tunnels are 4m high and 5m wide.The seawater leaked into the tunnel will be led to the water tank of the pilot tunnel, and thenHigh pressure pumpDrain the ground.The operation tunnel is used as a place for train repair and track maintenance.The cost of building this super tunnel is extremely high.When the main tunnel was started in 1971All expenses$830 million, but many times laterAdditional expensesIt is estimated that by the time the tunnel is completed, the entire project will cost 2.7 billion US dollars, with an average of more than 50 million US dollars per kilometer.
Reason: The Japanese government makes it convenient for the US military to move (but it cannot be specified separately that it is convenient for the US military).The Japanese government is evading“Three non nuclear principles(No manufacturing, no ownership, no transportationnuclear weapon）This is about nuclear weaponsBasic policiesThe US military has nuclear weapons.withoutBreadth of territorial seaSpecial provisions for 3 nautical miles,Home portbe locatedYokosukaOf7th FleetTo enter and exit the East China Sea, you need to detour southwardOkinawa IslandSouthwest and inaccessibleSea of Japan。
According to Japanese territorial waterslegal systemJapan implements a territorial sea width of 12 nautical miles, butSoya Strait , Tianjin Light StraitDayu Straitas well asDuima StraitEast and west waterwaysThree nautical mile territorial sea width is applied to five sea areasThus, the passage of the exclusive economic zone is set aside in the middle of the strait, making these five strait waterways become effectiveNon territorial straits under the free navigation regime。
Important position
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The coastline of the Tianjin Light Strait is tortuous, with manycapeAnd the harbor.The landform at the bottom of the gorge is complex,Sea basinandSea ValleyUps and downs.becauseEquine warm currentA part of the sea passes through here, so it is an important year-round ice free sea area in northern Japan.There are also buildings from Aomori toHakodateWith a total length of 53.85 kilometers, the undersea railway tunnel is the longest completed railway tunnel in the worldSubsea tunnel。the south coastLu'ao BayThere is a big makeshift Aomori military port inside, and there are three lakes nearbyair base。fromVladivostok(Vladivostok) It is only 800 kilometers from the Tianjin Strait to the Pacific Ocean.Therefore, for Russia, the Tianjin Light Strait is also itsPacific FleetfromSea of JapanAn important thoroughfare to and from the Pacific Ocean.Qinghan Tunnel starts from the southHonshu IslandQingsen in the north, north toHokkaidoThe Hakodate at the south end is 53.84 kilometers long, including 23.3 kilometers under the sea floor.The whole tunnel is composed of road clearing tunnel, supply tunnel and main tunnel.Road clearing tunnel is forgeological prospecting, Settingsventilation systemThe supply tunnel is built to exclude seawater infiltration, and is responsible for the material supply of the road clearing tunnel and the main tunnel, both of which have a diameter of 4 meters.The main tunnel has a diameter of 11 meters, which is used to lay the railwaythe ShinkansenDouble track and narrow ordinary railway.
Since the construction of the main tunnel started in 1971, there have been 1800 people from the north and 1800 people from the southEngineering techniciansDigging in at the same time with the excavation team composed of workers.Over the past 13 years, they have worked day and night, working in turns24 hours, never intermittently.Since the excavation team is working at 28 ℃ and 80% humidity, the conditions are extremely difficult, and a group of personnel must be rotated every 4 hours. The progress of excavation per hour can only be measured in inches.
Tunnel constructionThe degree of difficulty is unimaginable.Every time the workers chisel a bit of stonework, they must quickly pour a layer of 15.24-30.48 cm thick quick drying cement at the newly chiseled part to prevent hugelavaThe pressure causes the rock wall to fly out, causing a terrible collapse accident.During the construction, the pouring machine shall be used on the tunnel wall tosquare centimetre80 kg pressure injection cementCaustic potashandSilicaThe mixed mortar will become dry within three minutes, forming a tunnel wall at the depth of the seabed to blockseabedPossible hazards caused by fractures and faults, for sealingSubsea tunnelTo avoid seawater infiltration.In addition, some unusual shockproof and waterproof measures are taken in this super large undersea tunnelpreventive measure。
China Crossing
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The Chinese fleet passes through the Tianjin Light Strait for the first time
Jinqing Strait
Kyodo News AgencyOn October 18, 2008, citing the news released by the Ministry of Defense, the P-3C patrol plane of the Japan Maritime Self Defense Force observed thatChinese NavyNew type offrigateAnd supply shipsNagasaki PrefectureHorse marketSailing on the high seas in the northwest direction.As this is the first time that a new Chinese frigate has appeared near Japan, the Maritime Self Defense Force immediately ordered a reconnaissance submarine to follow it, while the P-3C patrol aircraft24 hoursContinuous "air tracking.Japan Self Defense ForceAt that time, it was judged that although the purpose of the two ships was unknown, they visited ChinaRussiaOfdestroyerThe "possibility of convergence is high", because it is estimated from the time that the "Modern" class "Taizhou" of the Chinese Navy, which just ended its visit to RussiaMissile equipped destroyer, and "Ma On Shan"The guided missile frigate, will sail to the sea area soon.On October 20, 2008,ministry of defense It was announced that the P-3C patrol plane of the Maritime Self Defense Force was on the evening of October 19, 2008aomori Four destroyers and frigates of the Chinese Navy were observed in the Tsugaru Strait in the Longfeiqi Sea area.These four warships passed through the high seas area of the Jinqing StraitSea of JapanSail to the Pacific Ocean.The Ministry of Defense said that this was the first time that the formation of destroyers and frigates of the Chinese Navy had been observed in the sea area. "This may be general training, but it is not clear whether there are other purposes".[2]
Three Chinese warships pass through the Tsugaru Strait, and Japan is next to them
Japanese Integrated Staff Supervision DepartmentOn January 5, a notice was issued that two 054A frigates and one 903 supply ship of the Chinese Navy were sailing westward through the Tsugaru Strait of Japan.It is reported that these three Chinese shipsnaval shipsIt is a return from a visit to the United States.
The Tsugaru Strait is located between Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan, connecting the Sea of Japan in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east, with a width of only 24-40 kilometers.It can also be seen from the pictures released by Japan that the Chinese warship is next to Japan.
MoreThe first time a Chinese warship passed through the Tianjin Light Strait was in October 2008.
At 4:00 p.m. on January 5,Air Self Defense ForceP-3C of the second aviation groupantisubmarine patrol aircraft And the "Dacao" frigate found the Chinese navy on the Pacific Ocean about 80 kilometers southeast of Aomori County“ynz ”No“Daqing”Frigate（Shipboard number546, 576, type 054A) and "Taihu" comprehensive supply ship (port number 889, type 903A), three warships are sailing westward.
These three ships were launched fromQingdaosomeMilitary harborUnhooking and sailing, crossing eastward on October 20, 2016Dayu Strait, go toNew Zealandparticipate inASEAN Defense Ministers' MeetingThe "Maritime Safety" exercise and the review of the international fleet for the 75th anniversary of the founding of the New Zealand Navy, and went to the United StatesCanadaMake a friendly visit.[3]
On October 18, 2021, the Ministry of Supervision of the United Staff of Japan issued a notice that the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force found a 055 destroyer and a052D destroyer, two 054A frigates, one 903 supply ship andRussian NavyThe two intrepid destroyers, two frigates and a missile observation ship jointly sailed from west to east to the Pacific through the Jinqing Strait, which was also the first time that the Chinese and Russian navies were foundnaval vesselsAt the same time, the Japanese Self Defense Force sent a P-3C anti submarine patrol aircraft and two ships to collect information and conduct alert surveillance through the Tsugaru Strait.[4]
Port
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The strait is not frozen all the year round. It is not frozen in the northern part of the Sea of Japan.HokkaidoHakodateandHonshuAomori is the main port in the strait.
JapanHonshu IslandThe strait between Hokkaido and Hokkaido.It is 130 kilometers long from east to west, 20 to 50 kilometers wide from south to north, and 18 kilometers from Damazaki to Xishou Cape at the narrowest point.The east-west waterway is generally 200 meters deep, 131 meters at the shallowest and 449 meters at the deepest.Both sides are shallow.Long Feiqi andBaishen CapeThere are ferries between.Seikan Tunnel Completed.Sea of JapanAndthe pacific oceanImportant passage between.Equine warm currentFrom the east of Japan Sea to the Pacific Ocean, the speed is 2-4 nautical miles per hour, andThousand Island Cold CurrentGenerated after convergencedense fog, affecting the activities in the east sea.
