synonymLockheed L-1011(Lockheed L-1011) generally refers to the L-1011 Samsung aircraft
L-1011Samsung airliner (L-1011 TriStar) is a three engine wide body aircraft developed by LockheedJet airliner。Is also the successorBoeing 747andDC-10Wide body jetliner launched later.It is also the first and only wide body jet of LockheedCivil airliner。
L-1011 Samsung aircraft was designed in 1966, September 1970prototypeIt left the factory and made its first flight on November 26, 1970.Won in 1972FAAModel CertificateThe first commercial flight was delivered in April 1972.The production line was closed in August 1983, and the last L-1011 was delivered in 1984.L-1011total output250.
During the 1950s and 1960s,Turbojet engineShow ratioPiston engineBetter reliability and higher thrust, thanks to the good track record of turbojet engines, 1964FAAThe "60 minute limit" for three engine aircraft is cancelled, and the crosswalk can be executedAtlanticThe route of.Since then, such as Lockheed L-1011SamsungPassenger aircraft, McDonnell DouglasDC-10Passenger aircraft and other three engine aircraft.
L-1011 Samsung aircraft was designed in 1966, September 1970prototypeIt left the factory and made its first flight on November 26, 1970.In 1972, the FAAModel CertificateThe first commercial flight was delivered in April 1972.The production line was closed in August 1983, and the last L-1011 was delivered in 1984.L-1011total output250.
TWA's L-1011
From a commercial point of view, the L-1011 is not a success, but for the L-1011 aircraft itself, it is a success.L-1011 quoted many references that Lockheed usedMilitary aircraftAdvanced technology, such as the unique direct lift control system.Rolls Royce RB211 engine was also more advanced than other similar engines at that time, such as using lightercarbon fibreFan leaf, reduce weight to increase efficiency, reduceoil consumption。
L-1011 of Delta Airlines
Lockheed launchedL-1011Samsung aircraft,McDonnell Douglas (In 1967, Douglas andMacDonaldMcDonnell Douglas, or McDonnell Douglas for short) launched products with similar appearance and performance at about the same timeDC-10。The biggest feature of the L-1011 Samsung airliner is that two engines are located under the wingsPod, located at the center of the rear of the fuselage (the third engine), placed in the fuselage, with its air inlet located atVertical tailRoot.The DC-10 is the third engine installed at the root of the vertical tail, which is the most significant difference between the two aircraft shapes.L-1011 is similar to the competitor DC-10 in performance and faces the same market, so they also compete for limited customers.DC-10 was put into operation earlier than L-1011. L-1011 has the upper hand in technology, and DC-10 has the advantage in operation and maintenance costs.In order to compete for the market, Lockheed Company and MacDonald Douglas Company launched a lose lose competition.The sales volume of L-1011 is poor, and the final sales volume of L-1011 is not as good as that of competitor DC-10.It is reported that Lockheed's L-1011 project lost 2.5 billion dollars.Since then, Lockheed has exitedCivil transport aircraftThe market has also greatly damaged the vitality of McDonald Douglas.
L1011 has - 100, - 200, - 250 and - 400, - 500 and - 600 types. The cabin can be arranged with 6, 8 and 9 seats in each row according to different needs,Passenger capacity250~300 people.L-1011 Samsung aircraft is used for military purposes as well as civilian purposes.for exampleRAFThere are several Samsungmilitary aircraft, includingAerial tanker、transport planeEtc.
This is an upgraded form of L-1011-1,Maximum takeoff weightFrom 430000 pounds to 440000 or 450000 pounds,CylinderThe capacity remains unchanged.This type number has no newly built aircraft and is all improved from Type - 1.
L-1011-100
First flight in 1975, with auxiliary equipment in the center of the fuselageCylinder, make the maximumEndurance930 miles more than Type - 1.The main buyers are Global AirlinesAir Canada、British European Airlines（British European Airways，BEA）。
L-1011-150
Like the - 50 model, it is also an upgraded version of the - 1 model. There is no newly built aircraft.However, the maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) was increased to 470000 pounds.
L-1011-200
Introduced to the market in 1976, its appearance is very similar to the - 100 model, but it is replaced by a more powerful and quieterRolls RoyceRB211-524B engine.Gulf AirlinesIt was purchased to replace its Vickers VC-10 aircraft.
L-1011-250
This is an upgraded version of the - 1, - 100 and - 200 models that were later delivered. The maximum takeoff weight was increased to 510000 pounds, and the fuel capacity was increased from 89335 liters (23600 U.Sgallon）Increased to 119735 liters (31632 U.S. gallons)-Type 200 can easily upgrade the original RB211-524B engine to RB211-524B4I engine, while Type - 1 and - 100 can also replace the original RB211-22B engine to - 524B4I engine.Highest after upgradeEnduranceIt can be similar to DC-10-30.However, this upgraded model is not very popular with airlines, onlyDelta AirlinesSix L1011-1 passenger aircrafts delivered later were refitted to - 250.
L-1011-500
This is the highest endurance version of the entire Samsung passenger aircraft series, which was launched in 1978.The length of the fuselage is shortened by 14 feet (4.27 meters) to accommodate the increased fuel capacity, and it is equipped with a more powerful engine than the - 200 model, which increases the maximum range to more than 9000 kilometers.British AirwaysandDelta AirlinesUsed to be the main user of model - 500.
On December 29, 1972, China Eastern Airlines Flight 401EvergladesWhen landing, the crewLanding gearDuring the failure, he was busy paying attention to the warning of the instrument, and finally crashed, killing 101 people.This event was later adapted into a TV movie《Crash》And《The Ghost Of Flight 401》, and onAerial holocaustPlay in the program.
On August 19, 1980,Saudi Arabian AirlinesFor flight 163L-1011stayRiyadhAfter takeoff, the cabin caught fire, although the aircraft returned to Riyadh safelyinternational airportHowever, due to the wrong instructions given by the crew, passengers and crew members were not effectively evacuated in real time, resulting in the death of 287 passengers and 14 crew members.
December 23, 1980, flightSaudi Arabian AirlinesOne of the tires of an L-1011 of Flight 162 burst in flight, and debris was thrown into the cabin, causing the aircraft to lose pressure, and two passengers fell out of the plane and died.
On August 2, 1985, L-1011 (N726DL) of Delta Airlines Flight 191 was flown atDallas AirportEncountered during landingMicro downburst, first hit a private car running on Highway 114, and then hit two water towers after the plane was slightly raised. The whole plane broke into two sections and caused a fire. A total of 137 people died (including private car drivers).
On July 30, 1992, when the L-1011 of TWA flight 843 was preparing to take off at runway 13R of Kennedy International Airport in New York, the captain gave up taking off due to a failure, but it ran out of control and rushed out of the grass only about 290 feet from the end of the runway, and exploded and caught fire.The plane was severely burned down, and only 10 people were slightly injured when escaping.
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All Nippon Airways L-1011
The performance of L-1011 is similar to that of its competitor DC-10, and it faces the same market. In order to seize the market, Lockheed and MacDonald Douglas both give customers a large discount when they sell aircraft, even use bribery.The most famous scandal happened in Japan in 1976——Lockheed bribery scandals 。Lockheed was reported to have provided money to Japanese politicians in order to persuade Japanese airlines to buy L-1011 Samsung aircraft.JapaneseAll Nippon AirwaysInitially, they preferred to buy McDonnell Douglas DC-10, but in 1973, ANA introduced Lockheed L-1011.After that, the United Stateswatergate eventRelated tohearingAnd revealed that Lockheed paid bribes to promote its aircraftPrime Minister of JapanKakuei Tanaka The scandal that forced ANA to order Lockheed L-1011.The incident finally led to the arrest of Kakuei Tanaka and several ANA executives.
