Lorentz invariance means that the general physical equationsLorentz transformationLower remains unchanged.physicsWhere Lorentz covariance or Lorentz covariance isspace-timeA key property ofSpecial relativity, suitable for global occasions.
Lorentz invariance isLorentz transformation(Lorentztransformation)Inertial frameThe basic relationship of space-time coordinate transformation between physical events.
Let two inertial systems be S system and S' system, their corresponding Cartesian coordinate axes are parallel to each other, S' system moves in the x direction relative to S system, and the speed is v, and when t=t '=0, S' system coincides with the coordinate origin of S system, then the event is in theSpatiotemporal coordinatesBetweenLorentz transformationby
，
，
，
, where
；C is the speed of light in vacuum.[1]
research meaning
Announce
edit
The physical laws in different inertial systems must remain unchanged under Lorentz transformation.Before the theory of relativity, H.A. Lorenz, starting from the concept of the existence of an absolute static ether, considered the material process of the contraction of the movement of objects and concluded thatLorentz transformation。In Lorentz's theory, the quantity introduced by transformation is only regarded as a mathematical auxiliary means, not including relativisticSpace-time view。Einstein, unlike Lorenz, was based on two basic principles based on the observed facts:Principle of relativityandPrinciple of invariance of light speedFocusing on modifying the basic concepts of motion, time and space, the Lorentz transformation is re derived and given a new physical content of Lorentz transformation.
In special relativity,Lorentz transformationIt is the most basic relationship. The kinematic conclusions and space-time properties of special relativity, such as the relativity of time, length contraction, time delay, velocity transformation formula, relativistic Doppler effect, can be directly derived from Lorentz transformation.[2]
development direction
Announce
edit
Can special relativity and quantum mechanics blend in the basic concepts, and then be different fromQuantum electrodynamicsHow to achieve a deeper level of unity?This is a potential big problem in physics that cannot be ignored.In recent years, around the question of whether there is "Violation" in Lorentz invariance, there has been a wide discussion in many fields such as the truncation of extremely high energy cosmic rays, which has become a research hotspot.In addition, due to the“Lead by example”The method of using nonpoint particle model to replace particle concept to seek theoretical development is leading the mainstream.Therefore, in this context, the basic principles of quantum mechanics, especiallyUncertainty principleIt is imperative to further improve the special theory of relativity, which has long been regarded as an untouchable golden rule.
This work starts from the generally recognized knowledge of uncertainty principle, space-time unity, time translation symmetry and three-dimensional space spherical symmetryquark、LeptonThe particles on the hierarchy build an intrinsic four-dimensional space-time cylinder model.Then, using this model, a series of new complete equations that are compatible with the old equations of special relativity and meet the requirements of uncertainty principle are derived, thus realizing the fusion of special relativity and quantum mechanics at the basic concept level.The new equation reveals that the concepts of space, time, mass, energy and so on have richer connotations, which will help people to re understand the essence of some physical phenomena and solve some outstanding important problems.The new equation and the results derived from the new equation show that:
1. Quality is speeduAnd dimensionless random fluctuation variablesζOfBivariate function，ζ(0≤ζ≤ 1) is a factor appearing in the process of equation derivation, which makesRandomnessAnd probability concept automatically enterRelativistic equation；
2. Whenu=cThe energy is not infinite, but reaches a finite maximumEmax=1.556×10mzeroc。This result will fundamentally eliminate the divergence difficulty and lay the foundation for the establishment of a new quantum field theory without renormalization;
3. The existence of Lorentz Invariance Breaking (LIV) is inevitable, and the breaking coefficient ξ can also be strictly calculated. The results show that the higher the speed, the smaller the | ξ |.For extremely high energy cosmic ray protons higher than 4 × 10eV, | ξ |<4.5 × 10 is calculated. It can be seen that even though there is LIV effect, GZK truncation cannot be changed because | ξ | is too small, which is completely consistent with the observations of HiRes and Auger;
4. CertificationPlanck Energy It is a Lorentz invariant, thus providing a theoretical basis for a basic hypothesis of Magueijo and Smolin's "double special relativity", that is, "the observer independence of Planck energy".At the same time, it is also proved that Planck energy is not the common upper limit of the energy of all kinds of particles;
5. ExportHubble constantThe theoretical value of the Hubble constant can be directly calculated from the formulaHzero=70.937km · s · Mpc, andHubble Space TelescopeFinal observations of key projects accumulated for ten yearsHzero=72 (71) ± 4 ± 7km · s · Mpc conforms well.This relation can also be used to solve the riddle of Dirac's large number;
6. A new effect is predicted, and based on this, it is predicted that there is an abnormal ultrahigh energy electron emission far higher than the beam energy in the downstream direction of the RF cavity of the electron storage ring. The new equation can be experimentally verified by detecting this small probability event.A preliminary experiment has been conducted, and the results show that there are signs of this phenomenon.
