synonymFabur(Faber) Generally refers to Jean Henry Casimir Faber
Jean Henry Casimir Fable[1](Jean Henri Casimir Fabre, December 22, 1823 October 11, 1915),FranceEntomologist, litterateur, naturalist, mathematician.It is called "InsectHomer”"EntomologicalVirgil”。He painted more than 700 fungus pictures with watercolors, which were deeply impressedProvencepoetMistralYour appreciation and love.He has also made contributions to the bleaching and dyeing industry, and has won three awardsalizarinOfpatent right。The main works are《Entomology》(Ten volumes in total), Chronicle of Natural Science, etc.
Jean Henry Casimir·Fabur, French entomologistAnimal BehaviorFamily, writer, naturalist.He is called“insectHomer of the World "“EntomologyOfVirgil”。Faber was born inSouthern FranceProvenceA farmer's family in Saint Leon.In the following years, Faber spent his time at the home of his grandparents in Malawal, not far from the villagebutterflyAnd fireflies, these lovely insects.
In 1857, he published "Observations on the Habits of Feudal Wasps", which revised theentomologyThe founder, Leon Dufour, wonFrench Research InstituteAnd was awarded the Prize of Experimental Physiology.During this period, Faber also devoted his energy to naturalStainRubia cordifolia oralizarinThe red color on the pants of French soldiers came from the powder of madder[6]。
In 1859, Faber obtained three patents for such research.Later, at the invitation of Victor Dului, Minister of Public Education, Faber was responsible for the organization and teaching of an adult evening school, but his free teaching method caused some dissatisfaction.So he quit his job and settled down in Orange with his family for more than ten years.Over the past ten years, Faber has completed ten volumes of《Entomology》Volume 1 of.During this period, he went to Wandu Mountain with his friends many times to collectPlant specimen。In addition, he also got to know the British philosopher Mille, but Milledie youngTherefore, the plan "Wolkruz Vegetation Grand View" that they had planned earlier died.At the same time, an unfortunate thing happened to Faber: he had six children, of whom Jules, the only son who shared his father's interest and loved to observe nature, died at the age of 16.Since then, Faber has dedicated several plants he found to Zhu Er, who died early, to express his memory of him.[4]
The study of fungi has always been one of Fable's hobbies.
Fabur
In 1878, he wrote many wonderfulAcademic article。He was righttruffe And described its fragrance in detail,epicureThey claim to be able to taste all the flavors described by him from the real piece of wild rice.
In 1879, Faber bought the barren stone garden in Selinion and lived here until his death.This is a barren and barren land, but it is a favorite land of insects. In addition to living for his family, there are also his study, studio and laboratory, which can make him focus on thinking quietly and devote himself to various observations and experiments. It can be said that this is the world he has always dreamed of.It is here that Faber, while observing and experimenting, sorts out the research on insects in the first half of his lifeObservation notes, experimental records and scientific notes《Entomology》The last nine volumes of.Now, this former residence has become a museum, quietly located in the botanical garden with a strong Provencal style.
Faber insisted on self-study for half of his life, and successively achievedIndustrialistDegree, Bachelor of Mathematics, Bachelor of Science and Doctor of Science, proficientLatinandGreek, like Horace, an ancient Roman writer, and poetsVirgilWorks.He was almost self-taught in painting and watercolor, and left many exquisite fungus atlasesThe Nobel Prize in LiteratureWinner, French poetFrederick Mistralbe profuse in praise.In his later years, Farber《Entomology》His success won him the title of "InsectHomer”And "Virgil of insect world", his achievements have been widely recognized by the society.Although Faber has won many scientific titles, he is still simple, shy and modest, and lives a poor life.His talent was admired by scholars at that time, including British biologistsDarwin1911The Nobel Prize in LiteratureWinner——BelgiumplaywrightMetlink, German writer Junger, French philosopherBergson, Poetmallarme Romanier, a Provencal writer, etc.Because《Entomology》The experiment carried out by Faber was accurately recorded in, revealing many secrets of insect life and habits,DarwincallFaburIt is "an observer that cannot be emulated".When he lived in Serenion, many scholars and writers came to visit him.Faber once received Pasteur, British philosopher Mill and other scholars in his residence, but communication with them was not frequent.Victor Dului, Minister of Public Education, recommended Fable tonapoleon iii , which honored himOrderMedals.French politicianRaymond Poincar Passing through Serenion, I made a detour to the Stone Garden to greet him.Faber, who has multiple identities, has a wide variety of works: asnaturalistHe left many academic works on animals and plants, including "Fine Grass: Patents and Papers", "Animals of Avignon", "Chunzi", and "Agaricus on the Olive Tree"《Grape root nodule aphid》Etc;As a teacher, he has written many volumes of chemistryPhysics textbook；As a poet, he wrote many poems in the Provencal language of southern France, which was affectionately called“gadflyPoets ".In addition, he also translated some works of Provencal poets into French;In his spare time, he used his smallharmonicaScore some tunes.However, the longest, most important and most well-known works of Faber are still《Entomology》This work not only shows himScientific observationHis research talents and literary talents also convey his humanistic spirit and great love for life to readers.
childhood
On December 22, 1823, he was born in Saint Leon, an ancient village in the Lunag mountain area of Avilon province in the south of France. The teacher in the village named him John Amway.Father Antonio (born in 1800), mother Fekvar (born in 1805).
In 1825, his younger brother Francelik was born.
In 1827, because his mother had to take care of his younger brother, he was fostered at his grandparents' home in Malabang Village from the age of 3 to 6;This is a big farm, and there are many older children than him.He is curious,memoryStrong child, ZengSelf verificationLight is seen by the eyes and tracedleafInWhooping insectsIt's a katydid.Before going to bed, I like listening to my grandmother tell stories, and I often sleep with sheep in my arms on cold winter nights.
In 1830, when he returned to Sa Rewang Village, he entered the private school run by teacher Likar. In class, piglets and chickens often ran into the classroom to look for food.A B CD ELetters, interested in insects and grasses, foundBlack throated robinNest ofZhongqingThe blue egg, persuaded by the priest, returns the bird egg to the original placeFamily income, help take care of the ducklings, and be responsible for driving to the swamp for stocking, so we found the creatures andcrystal, mica and other ores.
In 1833, he graduated from Fable High School.The whole family moved to Rhodes Town. My father made a living by running a coffee shop, entered Wang Li College, and served as an assistant to the mass celebration ceremony without paying tuition.In school, I learned Latin and Greek, and liked to read the poems of the ancient Roman poet Virgilis.
In 1837, my father rancoffee shopFailing, the family moved to Toles.Enter Eskill Theological Seminary.
In 1838, my father's business failed again and moved toMontpellierMontpellier opened another shop and left home alone to sell lemons and work as a railway worker.Used more than oneDaily wageI bought the Collection of Rubel's Poems and took it to the field to read. It was my greatest pleasure to know all kinds of insects. I caught it for the first timeEuropecloudGill scarabI feel very happy when.[5]
teenagers
He worked in 1839.
In 1840, he was scolded by his teachers for his failing grades and worked hard. He completed three years of credits in two years, and the remaining year was free studyNatural History, Latin and Greek.
In 1842, after graduating from the Normal School, he became a teacher of Calbantola Primary School with an annual salary of 700francHe was praised for his enthusiasm in teaching.Father failed in business and moved from Montpellier to Bordeaux.[5]
In 1843, the firstField surveyDuring the practice class, the students learned about the mural bees.Because of this bee, he began to read Arthropoda by Blanche, Leomir and others, and fell in love with "entomology".
In 1844, he married his colleague Mary Vanyar (23 years old).Self study mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc.My father's coffee shop was closed again, and he temporarily worked in the Karl Bentola Tax Department.
In 1845, the eldest daughter, Alisabet, was born.
In 1846, Alizabeth died young.adoptUniversity of Montpellier （Université de Montpellier）[5]The entrance examination for mathematics.His younger brother Francellick became a primary school teacher.
In 1848, he obtained a bachelor's degree in physics from Montpellier University.[5]
The eldest boy, John, died young.I really appreciate Torsnell'sbirdsWorks of.I hope to teach in university, but I have no chance.
Youth
1849CorsicaPhysics teachers in Ajagsio National High School, with an annual salary of 1800 francs.faceCorsicaAbundant nature began to study animals and plants.In addition, he is also very keen on mathematics.AndbotanistRukia climbed every mountain in Corsica together to collect plants.
In 1857, he won the Prize of Experimental Physiology of the French Academy of Sciences for his research on Oncogenous wasps.Continue to study insects such as wasps and short winged turnips, but due to the hardship of life, the research time is not much.Part-time tutoringprivate tutorGrade, began to study the extraction of madderdyestuff。[3]
On May 21, 1857, a short winged turnip was found in the nest of the striped wasplarvaAnd published a paper on the metamorphosis of turnips, and also published a paper on plants.
Fable is observing insects, photographed by French photographer Nadal
In 1858, after learning that it was impossible to become a university professor without property, he devoted himself to the research of madder dye.
In 1859, Darwin《Origin of species》In the book, Faber is praised as a "rare observer".
The second male Zhu Er was born.Served as RukiaMuseum curator。During his visit, Inspector De Liuyi got to know the botanist Durakol. Later, he got to know the British economist Miller who lived in Avignon and became a plant friend.
In 1862, Anshet published books for primary schools.Know Delacrop, president of Paris Publishing House, encouraged by him, and aspire to write science books that are easy to understand.
In 1863, three male Emil was born, and Deliuyi became Minister of Education.
In 1865, DengMount Purdue(Mont Perdu) in distress[5]，BacteriologistPasteur's visit,It was entrusted to Draculap to publish scientific books such as Sky and Earth[2]。
In 1866, he successfully extracted dye pigments from madder and was employed as a physics professor of Yaweinong Normal School.
In 1867, his contribution to Yaweinong was recognized, and he was awarded 9000 francs of Kanier Prize.
In 1868, at the recommendation of Minister of Education De Liuyi, he was awarded the medal of Lei Ziwang Denuer and paid his respectsnapoleon iii 。Lecturer of natural history and physics in public lectures at night.Industrialize the successful madder dye.Soon after the establishment of the factory, garlic was completed in GermanyThiamineChemistry ofSynthetic dyesTherefore, the dream of industrialization of madder dye was dashed.The teaching method of public lectures was opposed by conservative educators and churches, so they dismissed their teaching posts in normal schools.
In 1869conservativeAt the instigation of, De Liuyi resigned as Minister of Education.
middle age
Oulanjiu Era
In 1870, he borrowed money from Miller and moved to Oulan.The burden of raising a family of seven is heavy.Fortunately, science books have been published in succession and can repay the money bit by bit.
In 1871, he lived a life of writing books and observing insects.This year, because of the German and French wars, they could not be obtained on timeRoyaltyandContribution feeLife is more difficult.
In 1872, due to the introduction of De Liuyi, chemist Tema sent a microscope.
In 1873, Miller died.He was forced to resign as the curator of Rukia Museum and protest to the mayor.It was awarded the silver medal by the Paris Society for the Protection of Animals, and the works on mathematics, plants and physics were published one after another.
In 1877, Zhu Er, the second male, died, and named the three kinds of bees after the Latin word of "Zhu Er", "Vleworth", respectively as Vleworth terrestrial bee, Vleworth high nosed bee, and Vleworth cave bee.
In 1878, due to the death of Zhu Er, he was deeply hit, and his health was also much worse than before.InfectedpneumoniaAlmost died, fortunately strongwillpowerOvercome difficulties.
In 1879, he finally compiled the observation data of more than 20 years into the first volume of Insect Record.The landlord cut down two rows of sycamores in front of Oulan's house and moved angrily.Find an ideal home outside Longlini Village, which is called "Almas" (meaning wasteland). There are many drought resistant and thorny plants in Almas' yard, which is a paradise for all kinds of insects.On April 3, Draculap's publishing house issued the first volume of Insects.Later, one volume will be published every three years or so.
In 1880, Faber used a small sum of money he saved to buy an old residential house located on wasteland near the town.He used the local Provencal language to get a funny nickname - "Waste Stone Garden".At that time, science books were very popular, and some were designated as textbooks.In the withered leaves in the courtyard of Ars, a large number of flower diving golden tortoise larvae were found, so he began to study and observe their lives, and retired soldier Fabina served as his assistant.
In 1881, he was appointed as a correspondence member (local member) of the Paris Bachelors College.
In 1882《Entomology》Volume 2 was published.The elderly father moved in.
In 1885, his wife Mary died (aged 64).The third daughter, Aleya, acted as the surrogate mother and handled the housework.Start painting with watercolor“Mushroom”Fig.
In 1887, he married Josephine Dutil (23 years old), who was born in Longlini Village.Becoming FranceEntomological societyAnd won the Duffy Award from the Students Association.
In 1888, Josephine gave birth to four men, Bohr.
In 1889, he was awarded the highest honor of the French Academy of Sciences, the Buche Delmont Award, with 10000 francs of gold.
In 1890, five female Paulino were born.
In 1891, the fourth daughter, Claire, died.
In 1892, it was awarded the Belgian Entomological SocietyHonorary member。
In 1893, his father Antonioni died (aged 93).Start studyinghawkmothIt's an incredible ability to find that male moths can find female moths from far away. It's a "message transmitter" sent by female moths, which is similar to what is called today“hormone”Faber called May 6, when the moths gathered at home, "the night of the big moth"LongicornThe larvae of the cicada are roasted and eaten, and cannons are fired to test the cicada's hearing.
Fable at work
In 1894, he was awarded the honorary member of the French Entomological Society.Start observationDung beetle, half human dung beetle, bird beak weevil and bigScorpionThe habit of.
In 1895, the youngest daughter Anna was born.
In 1897, he taught three young children at Almas' home, and his wife Josephine also attended classes together.
In 1898, the second daughter Andrea died.
In 1899, due to many imitations on the market, his scientific books were no longer designated as textbooks, so royalties were reduced and life was again in trouble.
In 1902, in order to raise three children, he began to take out the royalties and royalties deposited in the publishing house, and won theRussiaHonorary member of Insect Society.
In 1905, the French Academy of Bachelors awarded the Guinness Prizeold-age pension3000 francs.
In 1907《Entomology》Volume 10 was issued, but the market was poor.Dr. Legro, a student, proposed to hold a ceremony to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the publication of Insects, and found that Mr. Faber's life was even more miserable than he thought.
In 1908, thanks to the efforts of the poet Mistora de Brabance, Faber's contribution was recognized and he was given a pension of 1500 francs.
In 1909, he wrote the 11th book of Insects (about firefliesCabbageThe study of green insects on vegetables), his body has been very weak, and he published poetry anthology.He was awarded the title of Alb "the poet of Brabance".
On April 3, 1910, under the appeal of Mistola, students, friends and readers were gathered to hold a celebration ceremony, which was designated as "Fable Day". Insect became famous in the world, and won the Leiziwang Denur Medal (a higher level than the previous one) and a pension of 2000 francs again.Won the Linnaeus Prize awarded by the Steckholm Academy, and received many letters from home and abroadcontribution, except for those whose addresses are unknown, all other thank-you letters will be returned.FranceLiterary circlesNamed as "Virgil of Insects", it is recommended toThe Nobel Prize in Literaturecandidate.
In 1912, his wife Josephine died (aged 48)MonasteryNurse Antonienu takes care of it.Public utilitiesMinister Tieli paid a visit.
In 1913, President Poincare paid a visit to pay tribute to Fable on behalf of French nationals.
In 1914, three men, Emil, and his brother, Frederick, died one after another.
Faber around 1913
In May 1915, with the support of his family, he sat on a chair and walked around the courtyard for the last time to inspect Almas.On October 7,uremiaaggravate.He died on October 11.On the 16th, he was buried in Longlini Cemeterymantis、snailWait to see you off.He was 92 years old.（1823—1915）
In 1921, with the efforts of the members of the Lugaro Congress, the government bought AlmasNatural History MuseumThe branch - "Almas Faber" is preserved and Aleya and Boer are employed to manage it.
It is Pinar Tioji who manages here.
The family born in Faber, encouraged by Mrs. Kabardi, a primary school teacher of Sa Rewang, has also been preserved in the form of a museum.
Insect Record was also translated into Insect World and Epic of Insects（Huacheng Publishing House1996), Insect Tales, Notes on Entomology (French name:《Souvenirs entomologiques》, the English name is "The Records About Insects"), known as "Virgil of the Insect World" and "Epic of Insects".SubtitleIt is "the study of insect instinct and its customs".It not only truly records the life of insects, but also reflects the human world through the life of insects.《Entomology》There are ten volumes in total. Each volume consists of several chapters, most of which are completed in the Stone Garden.The first volume was issued in 1878, and about every three years thereafter.It was selected as one of the recommended reading lists in the first volume of Grade 8 of Chinese published by People's Education Press (2016 edition).
Mr. Lu Xun once took Fable's《The story of insects》It is called a model of "telling the story of insects" and "telling the life of insects".
Thesis: "Research on Orchid Knots", "Anatomical Research on Regenerative Organs and Research on the Development of Polypoda", and "Observation on the Customs of Arthropod Bumblebee"
Publishing books
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The story of insects
Author nameJean Henry Casimir Fable
Work time2007-6
With rich knowledge and literary attainments, this book is to introduce new scientific knowledge and various natural science knowledge of entomology to biology and entomology enthusiasts by sorting out the data accumulated through observation over the past years, so that insects can become people's favorite objects, and bring people a sense of beauty in the blue sky and in the song of birds and the fragrance of flowers.
Insect World
Author nameJean Henry Casimir Fable
Work time1998-12
Insect story
Author nameJean Henry Casimir Fable
The Story of Insects is a masterpiece of Fable, a famous French entomologist.Since its publication nearly a century ago, this book has always been praised as the pioneering work of modern biology and the immortal poem of human observation of nature.With 30 years of field observation experience, the author unfolded a beautiful and moving picture of insect world like a fairy tale for us. He not only correctly explained the miracle of life of these insects for the first time, but also broadened the horizon of human understanding of nature, careful observation, science
Quotes
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Faber encouraged everythingscientific researchPeople who work "must work hard to overcome difficulties!" He believes that people who engage in scientific research "must not abandon themselves".
He said: "Let's go. As long as we go, we will naturally generate power!"
He said, "It doesn't matter whether you are taught or not. The most important thing is whether you have awareness and perseverance."
He said: "Before saying 'yes' to something, I want to observe and touch it, not once, but two or three times, or even endlessly, until there is no doubt."
He said, "I am just a lamp, illuminating a small road in front of me."
He said: "What we call ugly, beautiful, dirty and clean is meaningless in nature."
He said, "Needless to say, in theentomologyThe field should be a little naive. "
He said: "If one day, women love men until they die, and men love women until they die; if they see through life and death, isn't death beautiful? Praise God!"
Faber once asked a question: "Is it worthwhile to bear hardships just to live?" He has answered the question of why to bear hardships in his ninety-two years: facing "prejudice", accompanied by "poverty", he is not afraid of "sacrifice", "offense" and "forget", all of which is for the sake of the word "truth".Seeking truth and truth can be called "seeking truth".This is the "Faber spirit".
His research was also naturally criticized by the orthodox forces. Faber argued, "You are ripping insects apart, while I am studying them while they are alive and kicking; you turn insects into a pile of horrible and pathetic things, and I make people like them; you work in torture rooms and morgues, while I am working under the blue skyMaemi Observation in singing;You test the hive andProtoplasmBut I am the highest performance of studying instinct;You explore death, but I explore life! "
