French Guiana is a part of French territorycentral governmentDirect jurisdiction, not nominallycolony, so it is alsoEuropean UnionThe border with Brazil and Suriname is the western border of the European Union.Like France itself, the currency of French Guiana iseuro, the main residents areCreole, accounting for about 43% of the total population.
The original inhabitants of French Guyana wereCaribbeanPeople and Arawak Indians.
1498Christopher ColumbusCome to the coast of Guyana.More than 100 years later, the Dutch began to colonize here.
In 1604, France began to invade here and establish settlements.Post UKNetherlands, France andPortugalThey fought for this place and finally belonged to France in 1816.
In 1946, France declared French Guyana as France's "overseas province".Since then, manyaboriginalCalling for autonomy, but independent from FranceSupportOnly 5%, partly becauseFrench governmentProvide more allowances.
Since 1947, French Guyana has had limitedautonomySince then, the region has had two seats in the French National Assembly and the Senate.
In 1968, Europe established a space flight in KuruLaunch siteThe Aryan rocket was launched from this launch site.stayKuru, EuropeSpace program, making this corner of French Guyana a modern world and attracting some people to work here.
In 1977, it became a large region of France.
Held in French Guiana on January 10, 2010referendum, oppose autonomy.[2]
From March 25, 2017, a series of demonstrations broke out in French Guyana to protest against the growing unemployment and social security problems.In recent weeks, the local people's protest has gradually evolved into a nationwide strike. The demonstrators have blocked the roadsRegional economyNear paralysis.[3]On March 28, French Guyana witnessed the largest demonstration ever held by the local government, the two largest citiesCayenne(Cayenne) andSaint Laurent-Saint Laurent du Maroni had 8000 to 10000 participants and 3500 to 4000 participants, respectively.[4-5]
Sugar and rainforest timber became the mainstay of the colony's economy.Slaves fromAfricaWith the work of planting sugar plantations, although their success was limited by the hostility of the local Indians and tropical diseases.And in 1848SlaveryAfter its abolition,PlantationThe output ofCaribbeanColonial and local industries almost collapsed.At about the same time, France decided to reduce the cost of prison and migrate the prisoners to Guyana to contribute to the development of the colony.About 70000 criminals - includingAlfred Dreyfus(Alfred Dreyfus) and Henry Papillon Charriere arrived between 1852 and 1939.At the beginning, many exiled criminals failed to survive the harsh environment, and most of them diedmalariaandhave a fever。staythe Second World WarLater, Guyana was still a place of exile for criminals.
geographical environment
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French Guyana is located inSouth AmericaNear the equator in the northeast, facing the northAtlanticThe coastline is 320 kilometers long.The terrain is low in the north and high in the south, 600km away fromBrazilBordering to the westSurinameAdjacent.Coastal terrain is low and flat, with a width of 16-48kmAlluvial plain, swampy;InlandGuyana PlateauThere are many hills and valleys.It is 600km away from Brazil in the southeast and westSurinameAdjacent to, Mitaraka Peak at the junction is 690 meters above sea level, the highest point in the whole territory.
landlockedAverage temperature27 ℃ (80 ℉), high humidity, however,trade windIt makes the climate along the coast very comfortable.There are two rainy seasons every year - November to January and April to June. Most of them are sudden rains, which are invisible here.French Guiana is located on the northeast coast of South America, with an area comparable toIrelandOr AmericanIndiana。To the east and south are Brazil, to the north is the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west isSuriname, along Maloney (Malovina) andLitani RiverOne line is the boundary area.About 90% of the country's population hardly lives on the border with BrazilTropical rain forestBut gradually increased from the coastal Long Beach to the low Tamak Hamak Mountain.Most Guyanese live along the Atlantic coast, and this region contains most of the limitedroad network。Coast is mainly related toRhizophora BotanyMarshlandLiancheng Beach.
The climate hereDamp heat, even when it doesn't rain, the humidity in the air is heavy.Because the country is inEquatorial rainforest beltThe temperature hovers around 30 ° C, andAnnual rainfallMore than 2500mm.The rainy season lasts from January to June, and May has the most rain.capitalCayenneAnd the Atlantic coast are more livable, and most of the inland areas are muggy.
administrative division
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It is divided into two districts and 22 towns:
Saint Laurent di Maroni
Cayan District
1. Awala Yalimapo
2. Mana
3. Saint Laurent du Maroni
4. Apatou
5. Grand Santi
6. Papa ï chton
7. Sa ü l Sajul
8. Maripasoula
1. Camopi
2. Saint Georges
3. Ouanary
4. R é gina Regina
5. Roura
6. Saint Eli
7. Iracoubo
8. Sinamary
9. Kourou
10. Macouria
11. Montsin é ry Tonnegrande
12. Matoury
13. Cayenne Cayenne
14. Remire Montjoly
Politics
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French Guyana Badge
President of FranceThe appointed provincial governor (or local president) is the nominal chief executive. The provincial governor is elected by the parliament and appointed by the President of France,executive powerstayCouncil of Ministers, the Prime Minister is responsible for it.The government consists of the governor of the province, the chairman of the Council of Ministers, the chairman of the two parliaments, andFrench National AssemblyMembers and senators (France has two members in the French National AssemblysenateOne member of Parliament).There are two parliaments, namelyprovincial assemblyAnd local councils.The former has 19 seats, while the latter has 31 seats.Both parliaments are elected by universal suffrage for a six-year term.JudiciaryLocated atMartiniqueOfFort de FranceThe court is French GuyanaGuadeloupeandMartiniqueOfappeal court。The Privy Council is a registered institution, with a chairman and several chief ministers.There is one in French Guyanacourt of last instanceThe Chief Justice shall serve for life.
On March 7, 2008, the first automatic cargo spaceship developed by the European Space Agency was ready to take off from the Kuru Space Center in French Guiana on an Ariane 5ES rocket.The Ariane 5 rocket lifted off from the Kuru Space Center in French Guiana at 19:00 local time on July 5, 2023, carrying out the 117th and last flight mission.[6]
news media
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French Guiana Daily: daily newspaper, circulation 5500;Guyana Daily: a daily newspaper with a circulation of 1000.Radio Cayenne broadcasts 126 hours a week.Radio Totomo broadcasts 24 hours a day.Radio Norman uses localVernacularradio broadcast.All are private stations.France Overseasradio and televisionCompany: broadcast 16 hours a day and 32 hours a week.
Economics
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Due togeographical positionEconomic development has been hampered by restrictions, outdated infrastructure and lack of skilled workers.The economy is dominated by agriculture, forestry and fishery, and is concentrated inCoastal zoneMost of the mainland is undeveloped and has few industries.Main productioncassava, rice, corn, sugarcane and tropicalhardwoodandRosewood。A small amount of gold and bauxite are also mined.Fish and shrimp are produced along the sea.Industrial onlyrefine sugar, small workshops such as wine making.outputShrimp, timber, gold, etc., input machinery, grainpetroleum products、Daily industrial productsEtc.
The economic development mainly depends on French assistance, most of the manufactured goods, food and energy need to be imported, and the forestry, fishery and tourism industries have largedevelopment potential。UnemploymentIs a largersocial problem。
The main crops are rice, cassava, sugarcane, vegetables, etc.
Tourism is developing.Tropical natural scenery and inland Indian villages are very attractive to tourists.In 1999, it received 68211 tourists and 1200 hotel rooms.
There is no railway in France and Guinea.Highway: 1817 km in total.Water transportation:inland water transportThe total length of the line is 3760 km.Air transportation: there is one in Cayenne, the capitalinternational airport, can take off and land largeJet aircraft。
mainImported food, petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and transportation vehicles, manufactured products, etc;Exporting fish, shrimp, wood, rice, etc.The main trade partners are France, the United States, Japan, GermanyTrinidad and Tobago Etc.
Sociology
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language
GuyanaaboriginesThere are six languages of, divided into three language families:
Wayampi (wayampi), Emeli (é m é rillon) belong to Tupi GuaraniLanguage family（Tupi-Guarani）Arawak(arawak), palikour belong to the Arawa language family Kalihna, wayana belong toCaribbeanIn addition to language family, there are someFrenchAnd English Creole.official languageFrenchCreole。
Religion
French Guyanese, mainly Roman Catholic 77.6%, Christian 4%protestantism。Almost everyone speaks of their own countryMixed languageCreoleGuianese of France, who fled at that timeBlack slaves, andAmericaThe Indians maintained their own religion and saidArawak, Caribbean, Emeriyong, Oyapi, Palicur, and Vayana.SymbolAre connected with France,franc, police andSidewalkCafes are mixed with French influences - carnivals, carnivals, black slave wood carvings, Caribbean music and dancing, bringing Guyana an obvious non Latin atmosphere.
population
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Black and mixed race people account for 66% of the population, white people account for 12%, and Indians and Indians account for 19%.
Chinese people have migrated since 1898. There are about 5000 overseas Chinese, of whom about 1500 have acquired French nationality, and most of the rest have acquired long-term or short-term citizenshipRight of abode。Most of them are from GuangdongHakka people, fromDongguan、Bao'an、HuizhouAnd other places, about 400 people from ZhejiangJinhua、green rice fieldOne Belt.It is mainly engaged in food, department stores, restaurants and other professions, with more than 400.The number of overseas Chinese visiting France and Guinea accounts for about 3% of the whole province, and the tax revenue accounts for 25% of the total amount of France and Guinea.
Chinese AssociationCayenneoverseas ChineseOffice: the oldest and largest overseas Chinese association.Founded in 1956, the CouncilLeading organization。As of 2014, there were 347 regular members who had paid their dues on schedule, but the actual number of members was 4500.
