The change of Heyin, which took place in April of the first year of Wutai in the Northern Wei Dynasty (528 AD, the second year of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasty), was a powerful official of the Northern Wei DynastyEr ZhurongPlanned and implemented forNorthern Wei DynastyThe royal family and officials carried out a political incident of massacre.The event took place in Heyin (now Mengjin County, Luoyang City, Henan Province) outside Luoyang, hence the name.
In February of the first year of Wutai in the Northern Wei Dynasty,Empress Dowager Hu LingExercising power without authorization,poisonHasEmperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei DynastyYuan Xu pretended to be born in the same month by Emperor XiaomingMiss YuanAs a prince, if you want to be an emperor, you can't let things go.ReformYuan ZhaoBe the emperor.In the same month, Er Zhurong, chief of Qihu in Bingzhou, under the will of Emperor Xiaoming, marched into Luoyang under the name of "Kuang Fu Di Shi".On April 13 of the same year, Er Zhurong lied that King Gaoyang wanted to conspire, and used this as an excuse to drown Empress Dowager Hu and Emperor Youdi in Taozhu, HeyinYuan ZhaoIn the past, more than 2000 officials of the prince were surrounded and killed by soldiers, which was known as "the change of Heyin" in history.[1]
Through the Heyin change, Er Zhu Rong eliminated all the senior officials who served in the central government of the Northern Wei Dynasty, placed his subordinates in important positions in the imperial court, controlled the army of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and thus completely controlled the political affairs of the Northern Wei Dynasty, completely changed the quality structure of the ruling group of the Northern Dynasty, and finally changed the historical trend of the society of the Northern Dynasty.[2]
Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei DynastyYuan XuAt the beginning of her accession to the throne, Empress Dowager Hu (posthumous title: "Ling", also known as Empress Dowager Ling)Linchao system, reuse their in lawsYuan Yi, overthrew the leader of powerYu Zhong。Yuan Yi then launched a coup to kill King QingheYuan yi，DethroneEmpress Dowager Ling.[9]Yuan Yi ruled for five years.The Empress Dowager Ling is in Gaoyang KingYuan YongWith the support of, kill Yuan Yi, and resume the autocratic regime.[10]
Erzhu Rongxian lineage stationed in Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi Province)KhihuTribal chiefs,Zhengguang yearWhen the Six Town Uprising broke out, Er Zhurong organized a cavalry team of 4000 people and began to suppress everywhere in the name of maintaining the Northern Wei DynastySix townsThe Rebellion Army.The rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty had to choose to recruit Er Zhurong to become a guerrilla general, a champion general, a general in Pingbei, a governor in Beidao, and later a governor in Dadu to command the military affairs of the six states of the Union, Sifu, Fen, Guang, Heng, and Yun.At that time, the Imperial Court of the Northern Wei Dynasty was controlled by the Empress Dowager Ling. With the growth of age, the gap between mother and son gradually grew.[2-4]
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Since the Empress Dowager Ling of the Northern Wei Dynasty came to power again, she has appointed treacherous and sycophants, and her political affairs have been lax and her grace has not been upheld.As Emperor Xiaoming grew older, the Empress Dowager Ling worried that her improper behavior would be known by Emperor Xiaoming. However, the Empress Dowager Ling would try her best to suppress or even eliminate those who were close to and loved by Emperor Xiaoming.For example, Tongzhi Sanqi Changshigu Shihui had a friendly relationship with Emperor Xiaoming, who asked him to lead the left and right generals.In order to weaken the power of Emperor Xiaoming, the Empress Dowager Ling wanted him to leave the central government and become an official in local prefectures.Gu ShihuiAt first, she disagreed, but was framed and executed by the Empress Dowager.There is a Taoist Miduo who can speak Hu language. Because he often accompanies Emperor Xiaoming, the Empress Dowager Ling sent someone to assassinate him in the south of the city.[11]
meanwhile,Gao HuanBut he said to Er Zhurong: Now the power of the Son of Heaven is weak, the empress dowager is promiscuous, and the courtier is presumptuous. With your current power, you can take the opportunity to find an excuse to claim liquidationZheng YanThe crimes of such treacherous ministers as Xu HeQing monarch's sideIn the name of Luoyang, you can achieve your hegemony. "At this time, Er Zhurong's ambition was growing. After hearing Gao Huan's proposal, he was overjoyed and planned with him from day to night.[12]
528（Wouters In February of the lunar calendar, Empress Dowager Ling poisoned her son Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty to control the political situation for a long timeYuan Xu, and pretended his newly born imperial daughter (Yuanshi) to be the emperor[2], and then another 3-year-oldYuan ZhaoBe the emperor.[5]The act of the Empress Dowager Ling to poison the emperor gave Er Zhurong an opportunity to take.Immediately, Er Zhurong discussed with Yuan Tianmu and others, thinking that Emperor Xiaoming's revenge was an excuse, and led the army south to Luoyang.[4]
Event process
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After Er Zhurong, Yuan Tianmu, Gao Huan and others decided to enter Luoyang, they planned to choose a new leader.Then Er Zhurong secretly cast gold statues of several princes of the Northern Wei Dynasty for divination, only the king of PengchengYuan XieThe golden statue of his son Yuan Ziyou was cast, so Er Zhurong planned to make him emperor.[13]
Er Zhurong led the army from Jinyang to Luoyang.528 AD (Northern Wei DynastyWouters The army marched toHeyang(TodayMengzhouCity), Er Zhu Rong sent his cronies to Luoyang and took Yuan Ziyou to Heyang to be the emperor for the Northern Wei DynastyEmperor Xiaozhuang。Then Er Zhurong led the army fromMengjinCross the Yellow River to Luoyang.
Er Zhurong led troops across the Yellow River. Seeing that the situation was over, the Empress Dowager Ling ordered all the harem concubines to become nuns with her.[14]
Er Zhu Rongsu Day and General Wu WeiFeemuFriendly, he secretly said to Er Zhurong: "The public figures can't get out of ten thousand people. Today, they are driving to Luoyang, and there is no one who has shown respect to the Lord. They are loyal to the hearts of the people. They have no power to defeat, and people are always willing to subdue. Now, with the popularity of the capital teachers and officials, once they know the truth of the public, they will have a heart of contempt.If we don't punish and punish, we will become more pro party, and when the public returns to the north, we may not be able to cope with too much and it will be difficult to do within. "At this time, Er Zhurong had great ambition to control the Northern Wei Dynasty and seize the world, and immediately agreed,[15]Later, he told his trusted followersMurong Shaozong"I'm going to kill all the officials by taking the opportunity to meet them, OK?" Murong Shaozong thought it was impossible to kill them, but Er Zhurong refused.[6]
528（Wouters In the first year of the lunar calendar, on April 13, Er Zhurong invited officials from the imperial court to Taozhu (today'sMengjin CountyEast).On the same day, Er Zhurong pretended to make an oath with the courtiers, luring them to the northwest three miles of Heyin, to the north and south causeways, and let them dismount. After seeing the gathering of officials, Er Zhurong instantly changed his face, pretending that the prime minister, King Gao Yang, was plotting rebellion, and ordered more than 2000 iron cavalries to surround the officials and kill them.The blood flows into a river when the swords and axes cut and the arrows fly.Up to Prime Minister Gao Yang WangYuan YongSikong Yuanqin, Yiyang WangYuan lue, down to the cousin of Emperor XiaozhuangWang ZunyeBrothers, whether loyal or treacherous, almost all died under the butcher's knife of Er Zhurong.[16]
In the process of killing officials, Er Zhurong ordered his twenty or thirty men to break into the palace where Emperor Xiaozhuang was staying with swords. Several people rushed forward and forced Emperor Xiaozhuang into the tent. The rest of the people then hacked two brothers of Emperor Xiaozhuang to death.After all this, Emperor Xiaozhuang was taken captive by Er Zhurong's men to the river bridge to guard closely.Then she sank Empress Dowager Ling and her young master Yuan Zhao into the Yellow River.[17]
The later courtiers were surrounded by Er Zhurong's soldiers on the east side of the riverbank. They pulled out their swords and pointed at the courtiers with their blades and shouted, "Those who can write the documents of imperial abdication can stand up and spare you." Some people were ashamed of their orders and refused to get up.The imperial historian Zhao Yuan was worried about death, so he wrote a document for Er Zhurong to abdicate the throne.After receiving the imperial abdication document, Er Zhurong ordered the soldiers to collectively shout: "The Yuan family is dead, and Er Zhurong is thriving." And he said "Long live" to Er Zhurong.[18]
Having witnessed the tragic death of his brother and the massacre of his courtiers by Er Zhurong, Emperor Xiaozhuang was so frightened by the sudden change that he could do nothing about it. Under the mixture of grief and anger, he had to send someone to say to Er Zhurong: "The emperors change and rise and fall are changeable. Now the generals rise up together. This is God's will and cannot be changed by human power.I used to take refuge in order to save my life. How dare I take the position of emperor again? But now the general has forced me to such a situation.If the general has a destiny, he can ascend the throne himself. If he still wants to keep the state of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he should choose another wise prince to be the emperor. "[19]
Gao HuanTake the opportunity to persuade Er Zhurong to become emperor.But Gao Huan and I have always been at oddsHe BayueBut he said: "The general started the war under the name of sweeping away the treacherous and sycophantic people. Now the general has the idea of plotting to usurp the throne before he has made meritorious contributions. I'm afraid it will lead to disaster, which may not be a good thing."[20]
So, in order to verify whether he had the destiny of being an emperor, Er Zhurong began to cast a gold statue for himself to do divination.But I never thought of casting several times without success.Meritorious men join the armyLiu LingzhuHe is good at divination and has always been trusted by Er Zhurong, so Er Zhurong asked him to make a divination for himself.After careful calculation, Liu Lingzhu said, "The general wants to be the emperor, but he doesn't have the harmony of time and people at the moment." Er Zhurong didn't give up his mind and asked, "If I can't be the emperor for the time being, I should let Yuan Tianmu be the emperor." Liu Lingzhu said, "Yuan Tianmu doesn't have the destiny to be the emperor, only the Changle King has the destiny." Er Zhurong was in a trance when he heard that,I can hardly support myself.After a long time, he woke up and immediately changed his mind and said, "It seems that what happened just now is my fault. I have to apologize to the imperial court with death!" He Bayue suggested that Er Zhurong kill Gao Huan, who had proposed to usurp the throne, and use his life to apologize to all the people in the world.Some people around Er Zhurong said, "Although Gao Huan is stupid and doesn't consider the difficulties of the general, there are many things going on around the world, so please keep him alive and let him continue to work for you." So Er Zhurong let Gao Huan go.[21]
Until midnightFourth watchAt that time, Er Zhurong ordered someone to take Emperor Xiaozhuang to him and kowtow to him to die and apologize.[22]
So far, Er Zhurong has mastered the real power of the Northern Wei Dynasty.[4-5][7]
Event results
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After decades of development, Luoyang has become the political, economic and cultural center of the north.After the Heyin Incident, large-scale panic and riots also took place in Luoyang. Some officials and people of the Northern Wei Dynasty in Luoyang fled in succession, and the former prosperity of the capital city disappeared.[8]
Shortly after Emperor Xiaozhuang returned to Luoyang, Er Zhurong went to the Hall of Light to plead with him and vowed that he would never have another heart.Emperor Xiaozhuang said on the surface that he would not suspect him.Er Zhurong was overjoyed and asked Emperor Xiaozhuang for drinksMingguang HallI got drunk.When Emperor Xiaozhuang saw this, he could not help feeling new hatred and old hatred. He immediately pulled out his knife to kill the drunken Er Zhurong. The left and right attendants quickly stopped him and advised him not to do it for the time being.Emperor Xiaozhuang had to ask someone to put Er Zhurong on the bed and carry him backMediocre waiterProvince.Er Zhurong woke up in the middle of the night. He was scared out of a cold sweat and didn't sleep until dawn. He never dared to stay in the palace again.[23]
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The news of the Heyin Incident reached the local people, including Yuan Xianda, the governor of Yingzhou, and King RunanYuan YueLinhuai KingYuan YuYuan Shijun, governor of North Qingzhou, governor of South JingzhouYuan AnnalsWhen all the royal families of the Wei Dynasty surrendered to the Southern Liang Dynasty, the defense of the Northern Wei Dynasty against the Southern Dynasty almost completely collapsed.[24]This incident directly led to the Northern Expedition of Nanliang in the second year, and the Northern Wei Dynasty lost a lot of territoryChen QingzhiIt took only two months to conquer Luoyang, the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty.[25]
Through the change of Heyin,Er ZhurongThe Han people who were elected to power in the Northern Wei Dynasty were wiped out.Later, he sent people to send Yuan Ziyou back to Luoyang, but he didn't dare to stay in Luoyang because he killed too many people and the people were very angry. He had been far away from Jinyang and commanded Luoyang remotely.In the name of the Northern Wei regime, the name of the Yuan family was actually the name of the Er Zhu family.[4-5]
In May of that year, Er Zhurong returned to Jinyang.Before leaving, orderYuan TianmuIn Luoyang, he temporarily held the power of the imperial court for himself, and granted Yuan Tianmu as the valet to record books,Capital Governor, the leading general.Let your confidantZhu RuiHe became a servant of the Yellow Gate and a scholar of the imperial court, monitoring the court's movements and the emperor for himself.After killing all the officials of the central government of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Er Zhurong replaced the important officials of the Northern Wei Dynasty court with his confidants.[26]
Event follow-up
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In August 530 AD, Er Zhurong asked Emperor Xiaozhuang for helpJiuxiAfter the attempt, without permission, he led four or five thousand cavalry and marched into Luoyang to ask Emperor Xiaozhuang for help.[27]
Previously, the Long Star came out of the Zhongtai Star and swept across the Arcturus. Hengzhou native Gao Rongzu was quite proficient in observing the celestial phenomena. Er Zhurong asked, "What auspicious omen is this?" Gao Rongzu replied, "It must be a sign of getting rid of the old and putting up new things." Er Zhurong was very happy after hearing this.Er Zhurong's hand went down to the platform and Li Xianhe said: "Where the Tianzhu General (referring to Er Zhurong) is in Luoyang, he needs to ask for Jiuxi in person, even if he gets the throne of the Son of Heaven, he has a chance."GolochaSaid, "We can prepare for the throne this yearAbdicationWhat else do you need after writing? "Join the armyChu Guang said:BingzhouThere is purple air above, and why worry is not a sign of responding to the Tianzhu general's claim to the throne! "Er Zhurong's entourage often insulted the people around the Emperor Xiaozhuang with impunity, so these words of conspiracy and disobedience also spread to the ears of the Emperor Xiaozhuang.[28]
At this moment, Er Zhurong has completely ignored the Emperor Xiaozhuang. He said arrogantly to the Emperor: "Recently, your majesty's attendants and officials don't practice martial arts. Your majesty should take some cavalry out to hunt, and stop talking about the lawsuit."However, not long ago, Er Zhurong's confidantsXi YiHe revealed to Emperor Xiaozhuang that Er Zhurong was going to take the opportunity to lead troops to hold the Emperor while hunting.Originally, Emperor Xiaozhuang was still dubious about Xi Yi's words. At the moment, Er Zhurong's comments confirmed that Er Zhurong himself had a mind to hold the Son of Heaven hostage.[29]
On September 25, 530 AD, Emperor Xiaozhuang, who was cornered by Er Zhu's family, decided to fight with all his might. With the help of Xi Yi, Wen Zisheng and others, Emperor Xiaozhuang assassinated Er Zhurong himself.[30]Er Zhurong's cousinEr ZhushilongAnd nephewErzhuzhaoJointly mobilize troops to attack Luoyang.In December of the same year, Emperor Xiaozhuang was hanged by Er Zhuzhao and died in Jinyang.
In 532, Gao Huan, a powerful minister, established the King of PingyangYuan XiuAs the emperor, Yuan Xiu and Gao Huan broke off due to serious conflicts between them, leaving Luoyang and going west to join Yu Wentai.In December 534, Yu Wentai poisoned Yuan Xiu.[31]
In 534 (the third year of Yongxi), Gao HuanliYuan ShanjianHe was Emperor Xiaojing and moved his capital to Yecheng (now Hebei ProvinceLinzhangCounty).[32]
