synonymEmperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty(Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty) generally refers to Liu Xuan
Liu Xuan, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty (April 9, 56-88),Eastern Han DynastyThe third emperor (75-88),Emperor Guangwureigned as Guangwu DiHis grandson, Emperor Ming of the Han DynastyLiu ZhuangThe fifth son and the mother areJia Guiren。
In the third year of Yongping (60 years)Crown Prince。Eighteenth year of Yongping (75 years)Enthronement.For political reformEmperor MingStrict inspection and leniency,We relaxed the criminal law and abolished more than 50 harsh laws.Economically, promulgateFetal maintenance orderGive every pregnant woman "three dendrobium" to encourage fertility;At the same time, pay less taxes and reward farmers[28]；implementSalt and Iron Official CampAndHorizontal leveling[46]Strengthening the economic foundation of centralization[51]；Militarily, they sent troops to rescue three hundred soldiers trapped in the Western Regions, leaving behind“The Thirteen Soldiers Return to the Jade Gate”;[29]And sent reinforcements twiceBan Chao, accelerating the resumption of control in the Eastern Han DynastyWestern RegionsThe process of.[38-39]CulturallyWhite Tiger Temple MeetingPromote the unity of classics and learning;[56]OutsideHand in,lionAndgiraffeIntroduced into China[57], Liu XuanSelecting palace people to tame lions has become the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in China“Lion dance”Origin of.[45]On April 9, the second year of Zhang He (88), he died at the age of 33[1], posthumous title: Emperor Xiaozhang, temple name: Suzong, buried atJing Ling(TodayHenanprovinceLuoyangCity).
Liu Xuan is diligent in governing and loving the people, and accepts suggestions with an open mind. He has become famous for thousands of yearsBenevolent monarch。[53]During his reign, the society was stable, the people were happy, and the production was developed“Rule of the Ming Dynasty”。But Liu Xuan dotes on herEmpress Zhang Dedou, forgive relatives, and cause deathDou's dictatorship。[27]
Rule of the Ming Dynasty, make great efforts to govern, pay attention to agriculture and mulberry, and become vassals in the Western Regions;Invent Zhangcao font To elect high talents and receive the ancient imperial edict
Liu Xuan was born inJianwu ZhongyuanOne year (56 years), Emperor Ming of the Han DynastyLiu ZhuangHis mother is Jia Guiren.
On February 19, the third year of Yongping (60th year), Liu Xuan was appointedCrown Prince[2]At the age of five.Liu Xuan was tolerant when he was young. He loved Confucianism and was very popular with his fatherEmperor Ming of the Han DynastyLiu Zhuang's esteem.[3]
Enthrone as emperor
On the 6th day of August, the 18th year of Yongping's reign (the 75th year of Yongping's reign),Emperor Ming of the Han DynastyDeath[4]Liu Xuan, who was 19 years old at that time, was the emperor, and respected his wife, Queen Ma（Queen Mingde）ForEmpress Dowager。On August 16 of the same year, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty was buried at Xianjie Mausoleum.On the second day of October, there was an amnesty.[5]
In November of the 18th year of Yongping (the 75th year of Yongping's reign), Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty ordered the Western GeneralGeng BingGarrison in Jiuquan for preparednessNorthern Hun。At this time, the Han and Hun fought for the Western Regions, and Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty sent JiuquanprefectDuan PengsaveWuji XiaoweiGeng Gong。[6]
In the 18th year of Yongping (75 years)plague。When Luoyang and the three prefectures in the capital were in severe drought, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty exempted Yan, Yu and Xuzhou from land rent and draft, and released granaries for disaster relief.[7]
Diligence and love of people
Initial constructionIn the first year (76 years), seriousdroughtThere are thousands of miles of bare land and hungry people everywhere.
Liu Xuan, on the one hand, mobilized the national treasury to provide emergency relief to the hungry people, and on the other hand, convened ministers to discuss solutions. According to popular views at that time, the flood and drought years were due toYin Yang imbalanceThe imbalance between yin and yang is related to political affairs.
SituBao YuAnnouncing the disadvantages of the time: "The treatment of the past few yearsKing of ChuLiu Ying's prison has arrested hundreds of people.Not all of these people are guilty, and I'm afraid that half of those involved in prison are wronged.Those sentencesimprisonmentPeople are far away from their hometown, separated from their flesh and blood, and their souls cannot rest even after death.This led to the imbalance of yin and yang, floods and droughts.It's better to forgive these nowCriminal, release the prisoner from imprisonment, and let him go home to reunite with his relatives, which may be able to make peace, make the heaven drop dew, and releasedrought severityAnd free the people from suffering. "
ShangshuChen ChongIt is also said that "governing national affairs is like adjustmentmarital harmonyIf the string is too tight, it will break, and if the punishment is too strict, it will arouse people's dissatisfaction.It is recommended that your majesty further ease the sentence. "Liu Xuan listened to their suggestions, granted amnesty to the whole world and eased the punishment.
In the same year, Jiuquan Prefecture ChiefDuan PengBeat the chariot master and break it.[8]In February, Wuling Lizhong Man rebelled.[9]In March, ShanyangDongpingEarthquake occurred.Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty issued an edict of self reflection.[10]September, YunnanYongchangMourn the savagesrebel.Until the next year, Yongchang, YueyiYizhouCrusade by soldiers from three countiesMourning prisonOnly then did the rebellion be pacified.[11]October, onWuling CountyUnder the crusade of the soldiers, the barbarians were defeated.In November, King FulingLiu YanIn the rebellion, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty demoted him to be the marquis of Fuling.[12]
In June of the second year of the founding year (77), Shaodang Qiang rebelled, and Hao Chong, the governor of Jincheng, went to fight against the enemy. Unfortunately, he failed, so the Qiang army marched to Hanyang.In August, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty sent a riding generalHorse defenceGo to crusade.[13]Next April, OKtitle of a commanding generalHorse defenseLintaoBreak through in World War IBraised Qiang。In December, Ma Fang was officially conferred the title of riding general.
In March of the third year of Jianchu (78th year), Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty appointed Dou Shi, a distinguished person, as empress.stronglyconfer titles of nobility upon the meritoriousReward the people with food.[14]
In April of the fourth year of the founding year (79 years), Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty set up a princeLiu QingHe was the crown prince and bestowed great rewards on his subjects.[15]The son of Emperor Ming of Han DynastyGiant deerkingLiu GongKing Jiangling, younger brother King RunanLiu ChangJin FengweiLiang Wang，Changshan KingLiu BiaoHe is the King of Huaiyang.Liu Kang, the crown prince, was made king of Qiancheng,Liu QuanHe is the King of Pingchun.[16]In May, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty dismissed the riding generalsHorse defenceHe was appointed as the first lieutenant of Situ Bao Yu and the first magistrate of NanyangHuanyuFor Situ.[17]In June, the Empress Dowager Ma collapsed.In July, the posthumous title wasQueen Mingde。[18]
In November of the same year (79 years), Liu Xuan held a meeting“White Tiger Temple Meeting”, personally called the provisional decision,[55]The discussion on the similarities and differences of the Five Classics is intended to unify the theory of classics and provide a theoretical basis for the imperial court to use Confucianism for governance and system construction.After the meeting, Liu Xuan appointed Shi ChenBan GuWork out the results of the meeting discussion《Baihutong》It is the only comprehensive Five Classics literature of the Han Dynasty that has been passed down to later generations, and is of great value for the study of the history of Confucian classics, the history of ideology, and the history of political system in the Han Dynasty.[56]
Adjust military and political affairs
In the fifth year of the founding year (80 years), Liu Xuan receivedBan ChaoRequest to send troops to support the Western RegionsXu GanrateAtone for punishmentandRighteousness subordinationOne thousand people reinforced Ban Chao.After Xu Gan arrived, he joined forces with Ban Chao to break throughShuleDuweiFan Chen, beheading more than a thousand levels.[38]
In the sixth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (the 81st year of the founding of the People's Republic of China), Liu Xuan, in order to solve the problem of insufficient state spending due to the continuous use of troops against the Huns and the Western Regions[52], order to restoreSalt and Iron Official CampSystem,[50][51]Thus, the economic foundation of centralization was strengthened, making it difficult for the powerful forces to compete with the imperial court by virtue of the income from salt management.[51]
In the eighth year of the founding year (83 years), Liu Xuan paid homage to Ban ChaoA long history of generals and soldiers, promotionXu GanAs the commander of the army, Li Yi, the guard, was sent to escort the envoys of Wusun and reward them with giftsKun MiBrocade and silk.[54]secondIn 1984, he sent Hegong as the deputy Sima and led 800 soldiers to reinforce Ban Chao.[39]
In the first year of Yuanhe (84), the price of grain was expensive, and the county officials were short of funds, which worried the court.Liu Xuan adopted the proposal of Zhang Lin, the minister, and stopped issuing money to restraininflationAt the same time, it collected the interest of commercial trade in Jiaodang and YizhouEqualizing levelingLaw.[46-47]In the same year, an imperial edict was issued that "the cattle epidemic has come, and the food is even scarce", so that people who have no fields and want to move to the fertile area to live, will let them decide.After arriving at the location, they will be given public land and hiredhired farmworkerIf you rent seeds and field implements, you will be free of rent for five years and free of payment for three years.Later, those who want to return to their hometown should not be prohibited.[61]
In the first month of the second year of Yuanhe (1985), Liu Xuan issuedFetal maintenance orderTo every pregnant womanFoetal feeding of grainSanhu, her husband does not have to pay taxes for a year to encourage the population to have children.[59]
Fengchan Taishan
On the third day of February in the second year of Yuanhe era (85 years), Liu Gui traveled eastward toMount Tai Fengchan。[64-65]Xin Weiri,Firewood sacrificeThe gods of heaven and earth are like the stories of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.Renshenri, a sacrifice made by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty at Wenshang MingtangFive Emperors, while usingEmperor GuangwuEnjoy according to the etiquette of Luoyang Mingtang.Guiyou offered sacrifices to the ancestors of the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty who had temple names. In April of the same year, they returned to Luoyang, Kyoto.[62]
Liu Xuan is the successor of the Eastern Han DynastyEmperor GuangwuLater, the first emperor who granted the title of Mount Tai.[64-65]There are many people following the path of Fengchan, not only civil and military officials and royal relatives, but also north of the desertConglingGuests from far countries in the west.They traveled thousands of miles, surmounted difficulties and obstacles, and the scene was very grand.[63]
Death in middle age
Yuanhe period (84-87), ShizhongGuo JuHe had an affair with the harem and pulled out his sabre to frighten Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty.[40]
On February 30 of the second year of Zhanghe (88), Liu died in the front hall of Zhangde at the age of 33[1], posthumous title: Emperor Xiaozhang, temple name: Suzong.The imperial edict could not afford to sleep in the temple, so it was all in accordance with the system of burying Han and Ming emperors.[1]On March 18 of the same year, Liu Xuan was buried in the Jingling Tomb (now southeast of Luoyang, Henan Province).[19]
Encyclopedia x Misunderstanding: Illustration of the Eastern Han Dynasty Regime
Key achievements
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Politics
Lenient administration and lenient punishment
It is known in history that Liu Zhizhong is generous, benevolent and loyalKinshipMoreover, its decrees and punishments are indeed relatively lenient.For example, according to the Eastern Han Dynasty system, official corruption should imprison three generations, that is, three generations are not allowed to be officials.
Liu Xuan abolished this system.Liu Xuan's rewards to officials and nobles often exceed the prescribed limit, resulting innational financeAnd put these burdens on the people.It can be seen that Liu Gui's leniency is not entirely based on principles.
Develop trial officer system
In the first year of the founding (76 years), Liu Xuan formulatedTrial systemIt is stipulated that those who are recommended by filial piety and incorruptibility will first try to hold official positions, and those who are qualified will be formally appointed, while those who are unqualified will be eliminated.For those who are excellent in filial piety and fraternity and are not suitable for trial work, the emperor will decide whether to appoint them or not.[48][49]
Prohibition of torture
During the reign of Liu Xuan, he implemented a policy of leniency, except for the prohibition that a person who committed serious crimes such as treason would involve all relatives.
Order the offender to commute his sentence and move toBorder areas。The prohibition of torture was discussed in the book of chancery, with the exception of more than 50 articles on cruel punishment.
Pay attention to the selection of officials, and take the officials who are honest and competent as the examplePolitical clarityGuarantee of.
We will crack down on powerful landlords' annexation of land, adopt preferential policies to raise people for reclamation, encourage population growth, and reduce taxes on corvee.
In the sixth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (the 81st year of the founding of the People's Republic of China), Liu Xuan, in order to solve the problem of insufficient state spending due to the continuous use of troops against the Huns and the Western Regions[52], negotiate recoverySalt and Iron Official CampHowever, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty did not take Zheng Zhong's advice and finally implemented the salt and iron official camp,[50][51]Thus, the economic foundation of centralization was strengthened, making it difficult for the powerful forces to compete with the imperial court by virtue of the income from salt management.[51]
In the first year of Yuanhe (84), the price of grain was expensive, and the county officials were short of funds, which worried the court.Zhang Lin, the minister, said: "The reason why grain prices are expensive is because of the devaluation of the currency. We can stop issuing money and take cloth for rent to meet the needs of the whole world. Salt is a necessity of life, and even if it is expensive, people have to buy it. The government can sell it by itself. At the same time, we should charge interest on market trade in Yizhou and Yizhou, and implement the policy ofEqualizing levelingLaw. "Liu Xuan thought that these proposals were really convenient for the country, so he issued an imperial edict to implement them.[46-47]
In the first month of the second year of Yuanhe (1985), Liu Xuan issuedFetal maintenance order"Today, all pregnant women give birth to three people who raise grain and recover their husbands, not to be counted as one year old, so as to encourage people to have children.".[59]
In November of the fourth year of the founding year (79 years), due to many differences among scholars of classics, Liu Xuan convened Zhu Qing, Ph. DWhite Tiger TempleLectureFive meridiansThe similarities and differences are intended to unify the Confucian classics and provide a theoretical basis for the imperial court to use Confucianism for governance and system construction.After the meeting, Liu Xuan appointed Shi ChenBan GuWork out the results of the meeting discussion《White Tiger Tongde Theory》(also called White Tiger General Discussion)《Baihutong》），[55]It is the only comprehensive Five Classics literature of the Han Dynasty that has been passed down to later generations, and is of great value for the study of the history of Confucian classics, the history of ideology, and the history of political systems in the Han Dynasty.[56]
Adopted by Liu Xuan in November, AD 75Bao Yu's suggestion, send General ZhengxiGeng BingGarrison in Jiuquan and send Jiuquan Prefecture GuardDuan PengRescue Wuji ColonelGeng Gong。[36]In the spring of the first year of construction (76 years),Duan PengBroken down in Jiaohe CityCheshiguo, beheaded at 3800 levels, and 37000 livestock. The Northern Huns fled in fear, and the Cheshi returned to the Eastern Han Dynasty.[37]
Withdraw the capital protection of the Western Regions
Due to the difficulties in manpower and material resources at that time, Liu Xuan chose to give up the Western Regions and return in the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (76 years)Wuji Xiaowei, no more dispatchingWestern Region Capital Guard。In the second year of the founding year (77), it was withdrawnmurmurThe Northern Huns took the opportunity to occupy Yiwu.[33]
Agree Ban Chao to stay in the Western Regions
Ban Chao was inShule StateAfter receiving the rescission edict, they packed up and prepared to leave.When it was said that Ban Chao was going back to China, the people of Shule were worried and worried that Ban Chao would be harassed by the Huns after he left. Shule Dujun drew out his long sword and wept. He sighed to Tianchang, "The envoys of the Han Dynasty abandoned me, and our country will be destroyed by the Huns. Instead of dying the next day, it would be better to follow the envoys of the Han Dynasty and send their souls back!" Then he killed himself with his sword.
Although Ban Chao was reluctant to part with him, he had no choice but to turn eastward.Soon after arriving in Khotan, the people of Khotan blocked the road to meet Ban Chao. When they heard that he was going to return to the east, they cried bitterly. Nearby people lay on the ground holding the legs of Ban Chao's horse and refused to let him leave.Ban Chao had no choice but to stay. At the same time, he wrote to Liu Xuan and asked him to stay in the Western Regions.Liu Xuan agreed to Ban Chao's request.
Reinforce squad super
In the third year of the founding year (78 years), Ban Chao conqueredKumak Shicheng, hoping to further pacify the Western Regions, wrote Liu Xuan to ask for reinforcements.So in the fifth year of the founding year (80 years), Liu Xuan sentXu GanrateAtone for punishmentandRighteousness subordinationOne thousand people reinforced Ban Chao.After Xu Gan arrived, he joined forces with Ban Chao to break throughShuleDuweiFan Chen, beheading more than a thousand levels.[38]
Among the countries in the Western Regions,WusunMost powerful, Ban Chao asked Liu Xuan to send envoys to King Wusun.Liu Xuan agreed to send envoysWusun。King Wusun was very happy,In the eighth year of Jianchu (AD 83), envoys were sent to visit the Han Dynasty to show friendship.In the Western Regions, the Han Dynasty received the support of such a big country, and Liu Xuan felt very satisfied.So he promoted Ban Chao toA long history of generals and soldiersHe was authorized to act in the Western Regions on behalf of the Eastern Han Government.[54]
Due to the close contact with the central government of the Han Dynasty, especially the attachment of Wusun, Ban Chao's prestige in the Western Regions was greatly increased.All the countries in the Western Regions were willing to accept the control of Ban Chao, which paved the way for the Eastern Han Dynasty government to open up close contacts with the Western Regions again.
In the ninth year of Jianchu (84 years), Liu Xuan sent He Gong as the deputy Sima and led 800 soldiers to reinforce Ban Chao.[39]
International Relations
Yueshi（kushan empire ）Once helped the Eastern Han Dynasty defeatCarman, arrived at Emperor Zhang of Han DynastyIn the first year of Zhanghe (87), the Kusana Empire presented treasuresLifting and pulling(Giraffe)[57]、lion,[31]In order to marry the princess of the Eastern Han Dynasty.However, Ban Chao refused Kusana's request for marriage, and Kusana King resented it.[42]howeverThis is also the earliest record of foreigners paying tribute to lions and giraffes,[30]MarkLions and GiraffesIt was introduced into China.[32]
Historical evaluation
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Cao Pi: Ming Emperor Chacha, the elder of Zhang Emperor.[20]
Fan Ye① Zhang Disu knew that people were tired of the Ming Emperor's exactness, and things should be lenient.senseChen ChongThe righteousness is to get rid of the cruel prison.The love of Shen Yuanyuan is based on the order of nurture.Flattery the Empress Dowager Mingde and show filial piety.Divide the famous capital to build Zhou relatives.People pay simple taxes, but people rely on Qiqing.In addition, loyalty and forgiveness are embodied, and rites and music are written.Therefore, it is fan fu ke xie, behind the groupDejean 。It is not appropriate to call him an elder!During his 13 years in office,system of political zoningThere are hundreds of books in Furui.Uhu characters![20]② It is the nature of Kaiti.In Mu Houde, we understand the deep body.Left and right arts and culture, consider the law and etiquette.Think of serving the emperor, and promote this long word.Confucian MuseumSing songs and wait in the pavilion.When the tone is adjusted, people will be rich.[20]
Xue Ying: Emperor Zhang inherited the peace from generation to generation, and the world was free. He worshiped the gods, befriended his brothers, learned the provincial corvee, courted the people, and respected the harsh laws.It is harmony between yin and yang, and the people are happy;All kinds of auspicious things are gathered together, and can not be successfully recorded. The pictures and books that are tested have a symbol of Yuner.[21]
Yuan Song: The Emperor Xiaozhang was rich, but not decisive enough.The boudoir is slandered and confused, and the external relatives are fond of it.Be sorry!If both the Ming Dynasty and the Zhang Dynasty are responsible for the damage and make up for the deficiency, then the ancientA virtuous monarchYes.[22]
Money Hour: Zhang Disu is the elder, but the disease of Zhang Disu is just not hard to hear.[23]
Huang Renyu: Strictly speaking,Eastern Han DynastyOr later Han Dynasty, only the first three monarchs could make a difference;This is Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiuzhi's "Zhongxing", Emperor MingLiu ZhuangHe used severe punishment to consolidate his empire, and used various buildings and ceremonies to make the monarchy mysterious and artistic. He reiterated with Zhang Di and Liu TanzhiconfucianTo strengthen the support of moral force in governance.[24]
Fang Jiao: After Liu Gui's unremitting efforts, the Han Dynasty was thriving again.Liu Xuan's reputation as a benevolent monarch who is diligent in governing and loves the people, and who accepts remonstrance with an open mind can be remembered for thousands of years.Liu Zhuang adopted the iron and blood policy when he was in office. So far, the ministers in the imperial court are still afraid of the terrible image of killing thousands of people at once. Therefore, the benevolent governance adopted by Liu Xuan is undoubtedly the best way to attract people's hearts.In addition to the peace policy towards the surrounding areas of the Han Dynasty, the weapons were put into storage, and Ma Fangnan Mountain, the people were able to rest again, and the heavy taxes and corvee were alleviated. Tens of millions of people all over the world felt the kindness of the emperor, and were praised by the people.In a short time, the world returns to its heart.[53]
Anecdotes and allusions
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Be good at calligraphy
Liu Xuan is a calligrapher. His cursive script is very famous and popular in later generations“cursive hand of Chinese calligraphy”It is said that it is a style of calligraphy formed by Liu Xuan's hobby.Zhangcao is earlyCursive script, began in the Han Dynasty“a type of cursive hand”The predecessor of.It evolved from cursive clerical script.The main difference from "Jincao" is that it retains the script of official script, and the upper and lower characters are independent and not connected.[25]
Rescue Han Jiang
When Liu Xuan ascended the throne,Northern HunShan Yu sends troops to attackCarman, kill the Cheshi Queen Wang and attack insteadGeng GongGarrison, surround it in the city.Positive value at this timeEmperor Ming of the Han DynastyDead, no rescue,CheshiguoHe also betrayed the Han Dynasty and attacked Geng Gong with the Huns.The Han soldiers ran out of food and were in trouble.They cooked armored crossbows to eat their tendons and leather, refused to surrender to the Huns, and stuck to the city.It was not until Emperor Han Zhang succeeded to the throne that he sent troops to defeat the Huns.When the reinforcements came to Geng Gong to defend the city, there were only 26 people left in the city.When they returned to Yumen Pass with the Han army, there were only 13 people left, and their clothes were torn and ragged, and they looked haggardWithered and withered。The guards of the Yumen Pass will be moved to bathe and dress them in person.[29]
Select talented students
In the eighth year of the founding year (83 years), in the winter of December, the declaration was issued by Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty《To elect high talents and receive the ancient imperial edict》The imperial edict wrote that "the group of Confucians were ordered to select talented students and learn Zuo Shi, Guliang Spring and Autumn Annals, Ancient Chinese History, Mao Shi to support micro learning. This is the earliest origin of the term" talented students ".[43]
Distinguish between faithfulness and treachery
In the eighth year of the founding year (83 years), Liu Xuan paid homage to Ban ChaoA long history of generals and soldiers, promotionXu GanAs the commander of the army, Li Yi, the guard, was sent to escort the envoys of Wusun and reward them with giftsKun MiBrocade and silk.
When Li Yi came to Khotan, he was just catching up with Kucha attacking Shule. He was too frightened to move forward.In order to cover up his cowardice, he wrote a letter to Liu Xuan, falsely claiming that Ban Chao's career in the Western Regions could not be realized at all, and falsely accused Ban Chao of embracing his wife, embracing his young son, enjoying peace abroad, and not thinking about domestic affairs.Ban Chao sighed and said, "I'm not as slanderous as Zeng Shen, and I'm afraid some people will suspect me now." So he resolutely let his wife leave him.
Liu Xuan knew that Ban Chao was loyal, and did not listen to Li Yi's slander against Ban Chao. He also severely criticized Li Yi, saying, "If Ban Chao really only embraced his wife and held his young son, how could more than a thousand people who miss their hometown be with Ban Chao?" Then he asked Li Yi to accept the scheduling of Ban Chao and let the Ban Chao dispose of Li Yi.[54]
patch up a quarrel and reconcile the parties concerned
Idioms“patch up a quarrel and reconcile the parties concerned”The word was first derived from the imperial edict issued by Liu Xuan in Luoyang, the capital.In order to ease the contradictions among the people, Liu Xuan issued an imperial edict to Sangong in the spring of the second year of Yuanhe (85), saying: "Spring is the season when everything sprouts and thrives. We should create all favorable conditions and conform to the times.For those who violate the law, as long as their crimes are not serious enough to be punished, they should not be investigated too much. They should try their best to appease others, respect the weather, and return to the usual way after the beginning of autumn. "[59-60]
Palace people tame lions
In the Han Dynasty, the Western Regionspeople in Central AsiaThe state (Kusana Empire) paid tribute to a golden male lion to the Han Dynasty. The envoy threatened that if anyone could tame the lion, he would continue to pay tribute to the Han Dynasty, otherwise he would break off diplomatic ties.After the envoy of Dariuzhi left, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty successively selected three people to tame lions, but none of them succeeded.
Later, the golden haired male lion went into a frenzy and was beaten to death by the palace people. The palace people stripped the skin of the lion in order to escape Emperor Zhang's condescension. The two brothers in the palace dressed up as golden haired lions. One of them teased and danced. This not only fooled the envoys of Dariuzhi, but also convinced Emperor Zhang.Later, the matter came out of the Han Palace. People believed that lion dancing was a symbol of honor and good luck for the country.[44]
Therefore, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty "the palace people tame and pay tribute to the real lions", which becameLion danceIt was selected as one of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.[45]
Princess Pingyang, Pingyang County, Hedong County, Shiyi County, and her son-in-law is a vassal in GuanneiFeng QinSon ofFeng Shun, official toDahong Lu
