Yongshu Reef is 26 kilometers long, 7.8 kilometers wide and 108 kilometers in areasquare kilometre, has multiple relatively independent childrenReefIts southwest reef covers an area of 4.33 square kilometersArtificial island, namely the southwest island of Yongshu ReefYongshu Island。
Among the Nansha Islands, the Chinese mainland has the most perfect management of Yongshu Reef, which is also the administrative and military command center of the Chinese mainland in the Nansha Islands.Yongshu ReefOn the dockAn eye-catching sovereignty monument is erected.The reef of Yongshu Reef is large, and there is no enemy stronghold nearby, so the environment is relatively stabledevelopment potentialA larger island reef.Yongshu Reef has a marine monitoring station, which was successfully opened in May 2010China MobileBusiness.In 2014, an artificial island, namely Yongshu Island, was built. If other sub reefs were also built, Yongshu Islands would appear.
Chinese name
Yongshu Reef
Alias
Pentosan
Type
Large atoll
Location
Nansha Islands
Current situation
Nansha District Government Station, Sansha City, Hainan Province, China[1]
Area
108 km²
United Nations site
Nansha Yongshu Reef Observation Station
Main reef
It is the southwest reef, covering an area of 4.33 square kilometers
Island building
2.8 square kilometers of artificial island is now called Yongshu Island
Yongshu Reef,Nansha IslandsA coral atoll.Located at 9 ° 37 north latitude, 112 ° 58 east longitude, about 740 nautical miles away from the mainland of ChinaHainan IslandYulin 560 nautical miles, belonging toHainanprovinceSansha 。be situatedTaiping IslandtoNanwei IslandMidway through, located in the central route of the South China Sea（Hong KongtoSingapore）AndNanhua WaterwayAt the junction, about 250 nautical miles northwest from Jinlan Bay, Chinese fishermen are known as "Tuwu".
topographic features
Yongshu Reef
Yongshu Reef is long oval, divided into southwest and northeastReefAbout 7.8 km wide, 26 km long and 108square kilometre, shallow lake shape is not obvious, water depth is 14.6-40 meters,At high tideThe reef is not below 0.5 to 1 m deep, and only a few reefs are exposed when the tide ebbs. Yongshu Reef is 560 nautical miles away from Yulin Port, Hainan Island. The reef is northeast southwest, about 22 kilometers long and 7 kilometers wide.At high tideThe reef is not below the water depth of 0.5 to 1 m, and most of the reef is above the water at low tide.The main reef of Yongshu Reef is the southwest reef, covering an area of about 4 square kilometers.
Northeast ReefNortheast monsoonUnder the influence ofBean sproutShaped sandbars have the potential to form grey sand islands.
natural resources
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fishery resources
The platform is like a fish
The fishes in Yongshu Reef belong tothe indian ocean-the pacific oceantropicFauna, divided intoBenthic fish、Intertidal zoneFishReefSwimming fish andOceanic fishSeveral categories, andCoral reef fishAnd tropical oceanic fishes account for the vast majority, accounting for about 90% of the total speciesMarine fishFloraAn important part of.Among them, there are 364 worldwide species distributed in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, accounting for 68% of the total number of fish;There are 140 species of fish distributed in the Pacific Ocean, accounting for 26.17% of the total species;Distributed in the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean andAtlanticThere are 31 fish species, accounting for 5.79% of the total fish species.[5]
mineral resources
Water layer of Yongshu Reef
The sea floor around Yongshu Reef contains a large number of valuable minerals, including dozens of iron, manganese, copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, zinc, etcmetallic elementandzeolite, CoralShell limestoneetc.Non-metallic minerals, andHydrothermal deposit。[5] StrongNortheast monsoonA large amount of surface seawater is blown to the southwest, forming aanti-clockwiseCirculation.Monsoon in spring and autumnConversion periodIs also the period of alternating surface currents.The summer genusSouthwest monsoonDuring the period (from May to August each year), the surface circulation of the South China Sea is roughly opposite to that in winter. The west sea area in the north of the South China Sea is counterclockwise, while the southwest isClockwiseCirculation.
infrastructure
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Sovereign Monument
55 nautical miles northeast of Yongshu ReefDaxian Reef, 50 nautical miles southeastLifelong reef, 46 nautical miles south by westEast reefAll areVietnam?Encroachment.
Yongshu Reef
Yongshu ReefOn the dockAn eye-catching sovereignty monument is erected.This sovereign monument is composed of three parts, namely, the pedestal, the stem and the top of the monument. The pedestal has three layers of purple red, markingXisha Islands、Nansha Islands、Zhongsha IslandsThree large islands, with an area of 8.23Square kilometers, symbolizing 823000 of the Nansha Islandssquare kilometreThe area of the ocean.
The central trunk of the Sovereign Monument is 1.988 meters high, implying that our army entered in 1988;The front of the stele trunk is engraved with three super red words "Yongshu Reef", and the right side is engraved with“The People's Republic of China"Nansha Islands" in red, engraved on the left“PLA NavyMay 2000 "in red.
There is a big red "heart" pattern on the top of the monument, and a piece ofMap of the People's Republic of ChinaThe red five stars mark the location of Beijing and Nansha Yongshu Reef, which means that "the motherland is in my heart" and "Nansha reef guards always care about Beijing".
The design and production of this sovereignty monument were completed by the reef guards themselves.At that time, the Navy Nansha was responsible for this taskGarrisonCaptain, one of the top ten outstanding youth in China, and the current naval garrison known as the "reef guard king"HainanDeputy commander of a baseGong YunchongHe led the reef guards to use the remaining materials from the construction to make this sovereignty monument.[2]
Yongshu Reef OceanObservation stationThe preparations for the construction of the station began after the meeting held by UNESCO. To build a manned marine observation station here, it is necessary to excavate channels and stackArtificial land, houses and helicopter platforms.In construction, we should not only overcomenatural conditionIn addition to the difficulties in living conditions, we must always guard against external interference and invasion. The task is quite arduous.
In March 1987, the 14th annual meeting of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO discussedsea levelunionMeasurement problemsChina is required to establish five marine observation stations, including Nansha,XishaOne for each.The survey data obtained shall be shared.The establishment of the Yongshu Reef Marine Observatory will enable China to make its own contribution to the global sea level measurement and contribute to the futuremarine science Research, development and utilizationocean resources, are of great significance.
In April and May 1987, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the State Oceanic Administration sent ships to Nansha Islands respectivelyComprehensive investigation, focusing on the investigation and survey of more than a dozen uninhabited islands and reefsSouth China Sea FleetOrganizationaldestroyerThe formation will guard, and Yongshu Reef will be selected as the site for the station.
On August 7, 1987, the State Oceanic Administration and the Navy submitted an official report to the State Council and the Central Military Commission on the timing, location, scale, feasibility and possible problems of the station.On October 13, the Navy sentengineering designTake the South Diversion 350 ship with the construction personnel to Nansha again for construction investigation on Yongshu Reef to further understand Yongshu ReefReefThe preliminary idea of construction design is put forward.
On November 6, 1987, the State Council and the Central Military Commission officially replied to the Navy and the State Oceanic Administration, agreeing to build a manned marine observation station on Yongshu Reef in the Nansha Islands, and instructed that the task of building a station should be mainly undertaken by the Navy and assisted by the State Oceanic Administration,Ministry of TransportThe engineering ship provided necessary support.
In 1988, Chinathe United NationsUNESCO requires that Yongshu Reef be selected as the oceanObservation station。Relevant reports describe the process of building Yongshujiao Station:
From February to August 1988, according to the decision of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, the Navy built an ocean observation station on Yongshu Reef in the Nansha Islands.This station is in response to the United Nationsscience educationIt is established according to the requirements of the cultural organization.
Communication station
In order to solve the problem of difficult communication between officers and soldiers guarding the reefs in Nansha, the headquarters, the Navy and the South China Sea Fleet at all levels have investigated the reefs in Nansha for many times, and proposed a plan to establish mobile phone service base stations on the reefs in Nansha.[4]
Yongshu Reef[2]
Communication Department of Naval Headquarters, Communication Department of South China Sea FleetChina Mobile Hainan BranchAnd relatedEngineering techniciansWe overcame many difficulties, carefully organized the construction, and successfully opened the mobile phone service in Yongshu Reef, Nansha in late May 2010.Since then, ChinaNansha IslandsFor the first timeChina MobileMobile phone signal.[4]
China TelecomA few days ago, the ceremony of CDMA 3G base station opening and service provision was held in Yongshu Reef, Nansha, marking that China Telecom 3G networkSansha Yongshu Reef in Nansha Islands was officially put into operation.
3G networkAfter the launch, reef guarding officers and soldiers can make phone calls, send text messages to their relatives and friends in the mainland via the 3G network of China Telecom, orVideo callSee relatives.
Nansha Islands will be opened in the first half of 2013territorial watersSeven 3G base stations on other islands and reefs in the region provide 3G for all reef guards and fishermen in Nanshanetwork service。
It is understood that besides China Telecom, China Mobile also built the first mobile in Yongshu Reef, Nansha in 2010Information stationOn July 9, 2011Mobile signalFull coverage of seven reefs and eight islands of our garrison in the Nansha sea area.[5]
Other equipment
Yongshu Reef in Nansha, exposed after falling tide
In 1988, when China set up an ocean observation station on Yongshu Reef in NanshaReef10 aboveBeacon light。The structure of these beacon lights is reinforced cement base, and the tower body isFRPmake,Tower height7 meters, 1.8 meters in diameter.
Foreign reports have reported that I will build a simpleAirstrip, but there is no domestic information to confirm.
According to the external electricity analysis, Yongshu Reef Marine Survey Station can accommodate about 200 people, including radio, radar, oil and maintenance personnel.The building includes a helicopter platform, a 4000 ton dock, a 2-storey building, and a 500 square meter vegetable shed.
Coastal defense construction
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Yongshu Reef
On January 31, 1988,Vietnam Navy661 transport ship, 712 armed fishing boat loaded with construction materials and more than 40 people fromWest reefWe set sail straight to Yongshu Reef and were driven away by our navy escort team.
Nansha, February 1988weather conditionsIt is very bad. The wind is about force 6 every day, and the waves are up to 3.5 meters high.The gale lasted for more than 20 days, and still showed no signs of weakening.
From 1 to 7 February 1988,East China Sea FleetDispatched 929Landing ship(Shipboard equipmentConstruction siteCommand post, responsible for the living security of construction personnel),South China Sea FleetShip 833, Nanjun 613609, Nanbarge 42, 45 andLanding craftNo. 8535, and the floating crane "Dali" from Shanghai Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of Communications,Semi submersible bargeEleven ships including Chongren No. 1 arrived at Yongshu Reef one after another, loaded with construction personnel and station building equipment and materials.
The Navy dispatched combat ships and largeAuxiliary ship, YesZhubi ReefWait for 11 islandson-the-spot investigationAt the same time, aircraft were dispatched to strengthen the patrol of Nansha Sea Area.
On February 18, 1988, Chinese explorers just boarded theHuayang Reef，Vietnam NavyNo. 851MinesweeperThe armed transport ship No. 614 and No. 614 entered the southwest end of the reef and sent two more ships to harass the reef the next day, which was also harassed by our navyFleetdrive away.
On February 24, 1988, the weather slightly improved, butWave heightIt is still between 1.5 and 1.8 meters, which greatly exceeds the requirement that the wave height of semi driven ship shall not exceed 0.62 meters.Determined not to wait any longer, the staff of the command post and the Shanghai Rescue and Salvage Bureau finally unloaded five construction vessels safely with their professional skills.
Yongshu Reef
At dusk on February 24, 1988, after a day of intense work, all the staff decided to try to dig the channel in order to seize the time schedule.Due to the hard geology of Yongshu Reef, in some places, the reef digging boat can not move. The divers risked their lives by stacking explosives on the reef surface for naked blasting.After 9 days of hard work, the channel was finally blown open.Use the excavated coral dregsPile up8080 square meters of land.
On August 2, 1988, China established the firstYongshu Reef Marine ObservatorySuccessful completion.Yongshu Reef, where most of the reefs were not underwater in the past, now has a spaciousArtificial land, built a 4000 ton dock, built houses, paved roads, stadiums, and plantedcoconut tree, modern instruments are installed.
It can automatically observe and record water level, wave, water temperature, salinity, wind direction, wind speed, air pressure, air temperature, etchydrometeorParameters, can alsometeorological data Through computer processing, storage, printing, and timely sending to domestic and foreign meteorological organizations via satellite, reliableNautical warranty。
While building the naval station, the navy was also at Zhubi Reef,Chigua ReefHuayang Reef,Nanxun ReefandDongmen ReefWait for 5 islands and reefs to build a half of them that can resist a typhoon of magnitude 12PermanentOfStilted house, and send people to garrison.
On August 3, 1988, the State Council and the Central Military Commission sent a commendation message to the Navy to commend the station builders and encourage them to make greater contributions to the protection and construction of Nansha.On August 18, 1988, Navy Commander Zhang Lianzhong and Political Commissar Li Yaowen signed a circular calling on the entire Navy to learn from all the personnel who participated in the construction of the Nansha Station.
The maritime conflict occurred on March 14, 1988Chinese NavyAnd inflicted heavy losses on the invading Vietnamese army.
South-west island building
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Yongshu Reef
Yongshu Reef covers an area of 108 square kilometers, with several relatively independent sub reefs. Its southwest reef covers an area of 4.33 square kilometers. In 2014, 2.8 square kilometers ofArtificial island, namely the southwest island of Yongshu ReefYongshu Island。
Yongshu Reef Becomes a Reef Expansion Base to Support the Development of Surrounding Islands and Reefs
Yongshu Reef photographed on April 20, 2014satellite imageIt does not show that the dredging work at both ends of the reef is in progress, which indicates that China is using the facilities on Yongshu Reef as the base for exploration activities on adjacent reefs.[6]On October 16, the world famous commercial high-resolution map websiteDigitalGlobeUpdated its satellite photos.According to the analysis of its latest photos, the area of the main island of Yongshu Island has further expanded compared with the end of September, reaching about 0.9 square kilometers.This not only means that Yongshu Island has become the mainland of ChinaActual controlThe largest Nansha Island in China, also marks the replacement of Yongshu IslandTaiwan authoritiesTaiping Island under its control has become the largest island in the Nansha Islands.Observer NetworkMilitary commentaryMembers believe that the area of Yongshu Island is still likely to be doubled in the future, and China's political and military presence here will inevitably be strengthenedenvironmentIt will also be greatly improved.[7]
