External environmental medium for aquatic life.There is still water and flowing water environment.The former is as followspond、lake、swamp、reservoirThe latter is like rivers, streams, springs and ditches.Different aquatic environments have different physical and chemical properties.
In recent years, due to the acceleration of urban construction in various regions of the country, the environment in some regions has been seriously polluted, especially in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and Henan regions in northern China.Paper mills, chemical plants and metal processing plants set up in some regions have severely tested the aquatic environment. In recent years, fish and shrimp have disappeared from rivers in some regions, even affecting the freshwater resources for underground drinking.Therefore, protecting the environment and aquatic environment has become a serious issue in China's current economic development.
Heavy metal pollution is widespread in the aquatic environment, which not only causes serious damage to the aquatic ecosystem, but also indirectly threatens human health. Aquatic animals and the water environment depend on each other and interact with each other. They can respond to heavy metal pollution in the environment, and their body physiology and biochemistry will also change accordingly,It is a sensitive indicator organism for evaluating heavy metal pollution. Heavy metals in aquatic animalsbiomarkersThis paper reviews the early diagnosis of heavy metal pollution in aquatic environment by biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in aquatic animals, and analyzes the research progress and development trend of the assessment of the survival hazards of aquatic animals[1]
Introduction to aquatic environment
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（Aquatic Environment）It refers to the external environmental medium for aquatic life.By flowing water and still water environment.The latter is like ponds, lakes, marshes and reservoirs, while the former is like rivers, streams, springs and ditches.Different aquatic environments have different physical and chemical properties.
Still water environment
In a still water environment, the water does not flow, and the temperature, gas and nutrients in the water are stratified and zoned obviously;
Flowing water environment
In the flowing water environment, the water flows, and the surface and bottom layers are mixed evenly, generally without obvious stratification.
Seawater and fresh water environment
The salt content of sea and fresh water is obviously different, and the osmotic pressure of water varies greatly.The structure and function of biological communities living in different water environments are also obviously different. Generally, saline and freshwater organisms without special physiological adaptation and regulation functions cannot exchange their living environment, or they will die immediately.
Current situation of aquatic environment
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environmental deterioration
Domestic and industrial pollution and various unreasonable fishery measures have led to the deterioration of the environment of the inland natural waters, which is mainly manifested in eutrophication, lake bottom siltation, decline in the diversity of fish, plankton and benthos, decline in aquatic vegetation, slow growth of fish, shrinking fish breeding areas, and intensification of fish miniaturization[2]
Nitrogen and phosphorus in polluted water
In order to study the purification effect of aquatic plants on polluted waterAcorus tatarinowii var. marginalis(Acorus tatarinowii), lentinus edodes (Hydrocotyle vulgaris)Myriophyllum spicatum (Myrtophyllum spicatum), Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton distinctus were used to study the purification effect of five kinds of aquatic plants on polluted water in the artificial climate chamber by hydroponics. The test results showed that aquatic plants had a good purification effect on polluted water and could be used as water purification plants;Among them, the nitrogen removal effect of Acorus gramineus and Lentinula edodes is better, while the phosphorus removal effect of Ceratophyllum, Myriophyllum spicatum and Lentinula edodes is very good;After 7 weeks of experiment, the removal rates of total nitrogen by Acorus gramineus, Lentinula edodes, Myriophyllum spicatum, Ceratophyllum aureum and Potamogeton repens were 86.22%, 91.13%, 79.69%, 83.17% and 65.51% respectively;The removal rates of total phosphorus were 87.94%, 92.09%, 92.61%, 95.20% and 85.87% respectively;The removal effect of aquatic plants on phosphorus in polluted water is better than that of nitrogen, and the speed is relatively fast. These aquatic plants can be used as the preferred plants in constructed wetlands. This study can provide scientific basis for the selection of plants in constructed wetlands and the reduction of nutrient levels in polluted water[3]
effect
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On the one hand, the aquatic environment provides a rich source of water for biological growth, and can also alleviate the impact of large floods on the ecosystemRiver ecosystemIt is advantageous.
