The ferrocement ship is made of steel bars and ferrocement tied into a skeleton and coated with cement inside and outside.It has the characteristics of corrosion resistance and durability, and can be used as agricultural boats, fishing boats and transport ships.The ferrocement ship has low cost, easy access to materials, simple construction equipment and technology, low maintenance costs, and can save wood and steel.The main disadvantages are heavy weight, poor impact resistance, and can only be used within a certain range[2]。
Reinforced concrete ship, that is, the ship using reinforced concrete as the hull structural material.
Compared with the reinforced concrete ship, the steel mesh cement ship has thin hull, light deadweight, easy forming, and large crack resistance and extensibility due to dispersed reinforcement.Wire mesh cement ships can be used as agricultural ships, fishing boats and transport ships.Reinforced concrete ships can be used as engineering ships and barges with low dead weight requirements, fixed berths or less mobile berths.With the improvement of prestress technology,Prestressed reinforced concreteThe ship has a good development prospect[2]。
characteristic
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Cement ship has corrosion resistance and durability[1]。
Advantages: the cement ship is low in cost, easy to obtain materials, simple in construction equipment and technology, low in maintenance cost, and can save wood and steel.
Disadvantages: self weight, poor impact resistance, can only be used within a certain range[2]。
history
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The first cement ship in the world was built by J50. Manufactured by Lambert.The early cement ships had small tonnage, simple process and heavy weight.In the first half of the 20th century, European and American countries built many reinforced concrete ships.During the two world wars, due to the lack of steel, there were two climaxes of building reinforced concrete ships. A large number of reinforced concrete ships were built in Europe and the United States, some of which had a displacement of more than 10000 tons.In 1945, Italian Professor P. Neville built a 165 tonFerrocementThe motorboat "Ellen".The hull is 3.6 cm thick. Compared with the same type of wooden boat, it is 5% lighter and 40% cheaper. Its performance meets the navigation requirements, which has attracted the attention of the shipbuilding industry in various countries.The world's largest reinforced cement barge was designed and manufactured by the French Bouygues Construction Group for the French Elf Oil Company in 1995, with a length of 220 meters, a width of 46 meters, a height of 16 meters, and a tonnage of 70000 tons[1]。
Gutian
Since 1958, China has built a large number of reinforced concrete ships and steel mesh cement ships, which are widely used as barges, small and medium-sized inland and coastal motor freighters, inland river barges, agricultural boats and fishing boats.China has millions of tons of cement ships, ranking first in the world.In 1974, China's largest ferrocement freighter“Furuta ”No. 2 successfully launched.
"Gutian", with a total length of 105.20 meters, a design waterline length of 98.85 meters, a length between two columns of 95 meters, a molded width of 14.50 meters, a molded depth of 8.10 meters, a draft of 5.70 meters, a displacement of 5773 tons, a carrying capacity of 3024 tons, a cargo capacity of 2700 tons, a speed of 13.5 nautical miles per hour, a endurance of 2500 nautical miles (i.e. 185 hours), and a crew of 48.The hull structure is single deck, double bottom and three cargo tanks. The bottom of the deck is a longitudinal skeleton system. The steel wire cement structure is used below the main deck. The outer plate and chimney of the superstructure are also made of steel wire mesh cement.Applicable to shipmentfoodstuff, fertilizersugar、saltAnd other packaged goods andcoal、sandEqual bulk loading[1]。
In 1974, after the "Gutian" was built, it lifted the anchor from Fuzhou and sailed to Shanghai for a trial voyage. When it went to Shanghai, it loaded sand and wood in the ship. After it docked in Shanghai Shipyard, it loaded a full ship of wheat for the return trip, and transported a large radar skyline back to Fuzhou for the relevant departments in Fuzhou.In July 1977, the Gutian 3000 ton steel mesh inland cement cargo ship was examined and approved at the ministerial level preliminary hearing jointly organized by the Ministry of Communications and the State Administration of Building Materials. The examination and approval pointed out that "the steel mesh cement ship has the advantages of easy maintenance, strong water tightness and stable hull, but has the weaknesses of non collision resistance and heavy hull, so it is not suitable for promotion".Production will be stopped immediately after the validation results are obtained."Gutian" has become an "only child", the only cement ship in the "world number one", and its first voyage has become its "maiden voyage" and "war of retirement".Since then, the "Gutian" has been stuck in its current position - Zhongzhou Village, Jiangbin East Road, Mawei.Later, in order to build the Jiangbin Avenue, the "Gutian" may have been idle for too long and could not be restarted at the moment, and the construction period of Jiangbin Road was relatively tight, so the "Gutian" was separated from the Minjiang River. Since then, the "Gutian" has become an old ship "dry" on the shore.In 1978, the 3000 ton steel cement ship "Gutian" won the important scientific and technological achievement award of the national transportation system.At the end of 1983, it was handed over by Fuzhou Shipping Company to Mawei Merchant Shipping School (now the Shipping School of Fujian Communications Vocational and Technical College) as a teaching tool.In 2010, the plot where the "Gutian" was located was auctioned, and the "Gutian" had no place to live. Due to its large size, it could not be removed as a whole, and some main parts on the ship would be removed toFujian Communications Vocational and Technical CollegeInstallation, used as training materials for trainees, and the huge cement hull has also been removed[1]。
