Potassium chlorate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula KClOthree。It is colorless or white crystalline powder, salty and cool, strong oxidant.It is stable at room temperature, decomposes and gives off oxygen above 400 ℃, and can form explosive mixture when mixed with reducing agent, organic matter, flammable substances such as sulfur, phosphorus or metal powder, which can explode when heated sharply.Therefore, potassium chlorate is a highly sensitive explosive. If it is mixed with certain impurities, sometimes it will even explode under sunlight.It will explode in case of concentrated sulfuric acid.It can react with manganese dioxide as catalyst to generate oxygen under heating conditions.It is composed of ions.Potassium chlorate can never be used to react with hydrochloric acid to prepare chlorine, because it will form explosive chlorine dioxide, and it can never get pure chlorine.
Listed in the List of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals[3]，It shall be controlled in accordance with the Public Security Management Measures for Explosive Hazardous Chemicals[4]。
Potassium chlorate is a strong oxidant.If there is catalyst, it can decompose at a lower temperature and strongly release oxygen.It has strong oxidation in acid solution.When mixed with carbon, phosphorus and organic or combustible materials, it is easy to burn and explode.[1]
Thermal decomposition:
The chemical equation for reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid is as follows:
KClOthree+HtwoSOfour=KHSOfour+HClOthree
3HClOthree=HClOfour+2ClOtwo↑+HtwoO (chloric acid is unstable and will be disproportionated into perchloric acid, chlorine dioxide and water)
2ClOtwo=Cltwo+2Otwo(Chlorine dioxide is also unstable and will decompose into chlorine and oxygen)
Total reaction equation: 3KClOthree+3HtwoSOfour=3KHSOfour+HClOfour+Cltwo↑+2Otwo↑+HtwoO
Drainage parameter calculation reference value (XlogP)
nothing
Number of hydrogen bond donors
zero
Number of hydrogen bond receptors
three
Number of rotatable chemical bonds
zero
Number of tautomers
zero
Topological molecular polar surface area (TPSA)
fifty-seven point two
Number of heavy atoms
five
surface charge
zero
Complexity
forty-nine point eight
Number of isotope atoms
zero
Determine the number of atomic geometric centers
zero
Number of atomic geometric centers in uncertainty
zero
Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters
zero
Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters
zero
Number of covalent bond units
two[2]
purpose
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Potassium chlorate is widely used in explosives, fireworks, firecrackers, advanced safety matches, medicines, photographic reagents, analytical reagents, oxidants, rockets, missile propellants, etc.In the same series of propellants, the propellant containing potassium chlorate burns faster than the propellant containing ammonium chlorate. The minimum pressure at which combustion can take place is higher, and the burning rate index is very high.It can also be used as an antipyretic and diuretic agent.Analytical reagent.Oxidant.Under the condition of heating, potassium chlorate can generate potassium chloride and oxygen with manganese dioxide as the catalyst. Chemical laboratories do not usually use the method of heating potassium chlorate to produce oxygen (oxygen is impure and dangerous).
Emergency Management
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Leakage emergency treatment
Isolate the leakage contaminated area and restrict access.It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained breathing apparatus and general work clothes.Do not directly contact with the leakage, and do not let the leakage contact with organic substances, reducing agents and inflammables.
Small amount of leakage: collect it in a dry, clean and covered container with a clean shovel.
Large amount of leakage: cover with plastic cloth and canvas to reduce flying.Then collect, recycle or transport to the waste disposal site for disposal.
Protective measures
Protection part
Protective measures
respiratory system protection
It is recommended to wear a self-priming filter type dust mask when it may be exposed to its dust.
Eye protection
Wear chemical safety goggles.
Body protection
Wear polyethylene gas protective clothing.
other
Smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited at the work site.After work, take a shower and change clothes.Keep good hygiene habits.
First aid measures
Contact part
First aid measures
Skin contact
Take off the contaminated clothes and wash them with plenty of water.
Eye contact
Lift the eyelids, wash them with flowing water or normal saline, and seek medical advice in time.
inhalation
Quickly leave the site to fresh air.Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately.Get medical attention.
Ingestion
Drink enough warm water, induce vomiting, and seek medical advice.
Storage mode
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Store in a cool and sealed place.It is not suitable to be exposed to the sun for a long time, and to prevent contact with organic matter and other easily oxidized substances. Potassium chlorate should not be mixed with ammonium salt, otherwise it will generate ammonium chlorate that will spontaneously ignite or even explode.
security information
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Safety terminology
S13：Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs.
Keep away from food, drink and animal feed.
S16：Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.
Keep away from ignition sources and no smoking.
S27：Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Take off all contaminated clothes immediately.
S61：Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/Safety data sheets.
Avoid releasing into the environment, refer to special instructions/safety receipt instructions.
Risk terminology
R9：Explosive when mixed with combustible material.
Explosion occurs when mixed with combustible materials.
R20/22：Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.
Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.
R51/53：Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
It is toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
