Lithium hydroxide

inorganic compound

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Lithium hydroxide, a inorganic compound , chemical formula is LiOH. Appearance is white Crystallinity Powder, soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol , strongly alkaline, 1 mol/L The pH of the solution is about 14, p K b =-0.04, mainly used for preparation Lithium salt and Lithium grease 、 Alkaline battery Of electrolyte 、 Lithium bromide refrigerator Absorption liquid, etc.

Chinese name: Lithium hydroxide^[4]
Foreign name: Lithium hydroxide^[4]
chemical formula: LiOH
molecular weight: twenty-three point nine four eight three zero^[3]
CAS login number: 1310-65-2^[4]
EINECS login number: 215-183-4^[4]
Melting point: 462 ℃^[4]

Boiling point: 925 ℃^[4]
Water solubility: soluble ^[4] (Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol)
Density: 1.43 g/cm³^[4]
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Security description: S22；S26；S36/37/39；S45^[4]
Hazard symbol: C
Hazard description: R20/22；R35；R52/53^[4]

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Physical and chemical properties

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physical property

Density: 1.43g/cm three

Melting point: 462 ℃

Boiling point: 925 ℃

Appearance: white Crystallinity powder

Lithium hydroxide cell

Solubility : Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol^[3]

chemical property

one Chromogenic reaction ：

Can make Purple litmus test solution Make blue and colorless Phenolphthalein test solution It turns red, and its Concentrated solution Through experimental verification, it can make Phenolphthalein Denaturate the solution from red to colorless (similar to thick NaOH ）。

2. Neutralization with acid:

HCl + LiOH = LiCl + H two O

3.& Acid oxide Reaction:

2LiOH + CO two = Li two CO three + H two O (This reaction is used for absorption in aerospace carbon dioxide ）

4. Metal Salt solution Reaction:

FeCl three + 3LiOH = Fe(OH) three ↓ + 3LiCl^[1-2]

Preparation method

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Lithium hydroxide monohydrate is used as raw material Phosphorus pentoxide The anhydrous lithium hydroxide can be obtained by drying for several days in a desiccator. It can also be prepared by slowly heating lithium hydroxide monohydrate in hydrogen gas stream to 140 ℃ for dehydration.^[3]

876.8g (20.9mol) lithium hydroxide monohydrate can also be added into the drum, and CO free two Adjust the gas and air flow of the gas burner to keep the temperature in the drum at 130~150 ℃ for 1h. When the water vapor in the drum disappears, dry granular anhydrous lithium hydride is generated. Stop heating until the furnace temperature drops to 50 ℃ two Transfer the dry air from the oven to the bottle and seal it for storage.^[3]

application area

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Mainly used for preparation Lithium salt and Lithium grease 、 Alkaline battery Of electrolyte 、 Lithium bromide refrigerator Absorption liquid, etc.

Calculate chemical data

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Calculation of drainage parameters reference value (XlogP): None

Number of hydrogen bond donors: 1^[4]

Number of hydrogen bond receptors: 1^[4]

Rotatable Chemical bond Quantity: 0^[4]

Tautomer Quantity: 0^[4]

topology molecule Polar surface area ：1^[4]

Heavy atom Quantity: 2^[4]

surface charge ：0^[4]

Complexity: 2^[4]

Isotope atom Quantity: 0^[4]

Determine the number of atomic structure centers: 0^[4]

Number of uncertain atomic structure centers: 0^[4]

Determine the number of chemical bond structure centers: 0^[4]

Number of uncertain chemical bond structure centers: 0^[4]

covalent bond Number of units: 2^[3]

Molecular structure data

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data^[3] ：

1. Molar refractive index: None available

2. Molar volume (cm three /Mol): None available

3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K): none available

4. Surface tension (dyne/cm): none available

5. Dielectric constant: None available

6. Polarization (10 -24 cm three ）: No available

7. Single isotope mass: 24.018744 Da

8. Nominal mass: 24 Da

9. Average mass: 23.9483 Da

First aid measures

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Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothes immediately, wash with plenty of flowing water for at least 15 minutes or use Boric acid solution Neutralization. Get medical attention.

Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelids and use plenty of flowing water or normal saline Thoroughly flush for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.

Inhalation: quickly leave the site to a place with fresh air. keep respiratory tract unobstructed. as dyspnea , give oxygen. as Apnea , perform artificial respiration immediately. Get medical attention.

Ingestion: Rinse with water and drink milk or egg white. Get medical attention.

Fire fighting measures

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Hazard characteristics: highly corrosive. Occurrence with acid Neutralization reaction And release heat. A corrosive solution is formed in water.

Harmful Combustion products : May produce harmful toxic fumes.

Fire extinguishing method: fire fighter Must wear acid and alkali resistant clothing Fire fighting clothes 。 When putting out a fire, try to move the container from the fire site to an open place. Then select appropriate extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire according to the cause of fire.

Leakage emergency treatment

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Isolate leakage Contaminated Zone , access is restricted. proposal Emergency Management Personnel wear Anti-dust masks , wear anti-corrosion Antivirus clothing 。 No direct contact Leakage.

Small amount of leakage: carefully sweep and transfer to a safe place.

Large amount of leakage: collect, recycle or transport to waste disposal Site disposal.

security information

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Safety terminology

S22：Do not breathe dust.

Do not breathe dust.

S26：In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

After eye contact, immediately flush with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

S36/37/39：Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.

Wear appropriate protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.

S45：In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the lable where possible).

In case of an accident or feeling unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label if possible).

Risk terminology

R20/22：Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.

Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.

R35：Causes severe burns.

Causes serious burns.

R52/53：Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

yes Aquatic organism Harmful, possibly in Aquatic environment Medium to long term adverse effects.

Storage and transportation

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Precautions for storage: store in a dry and clean warehouse. Keep away from kindling and heat sources. Protect from direct sunlight. Packing and sealing. It should be mixed with oxidants, acids carbon dioxide Edible chemicals shall be stored separately, and mixed storage is strictly prohibited. The storage area shall be equipped with appropriate materials to contain leakage.

Transportation precautions: railway transportation shall be strictly in accordance with the Ministry of Railways《 dangerous goods The dangerous goods shall be loaded according to the dangerous goods loading table in the Transportation Rules. The package shall be complete and the loading shall be stable when the goods are shipped. Transportation process The container shall not leak, collapse, fall or be damaged. It is strictly prohibited to mix with oxidants, acids, edible chemicals, etc. Transport vehicles shall be equipped with Leakage emergency treatment Equipment. During transportation, it shall be protected from sun exposure, rain and high temperature. road transport When driving, please follow the specified route residence community and Densely populated area stop.

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