Hydrogen fluoride is a kind ofinorganic compound, chemical formula is HF, it is a colorless, pungent and toxic gas in normal state, with very strong hygroscopicity, white smoke will be generated when contacting air, which is easily soluble in water and can be formed by infinite mutual solubility with waterhydrofluoric acid。Hydrogen fluoride intermolecularhydrogen bond, can show some abnormal properties, such as boiling point is higher than otherHydrogen halideMuch higher.Hydrogen fluoride has strong chemical reactivity and can react with many compoundssoluteTime is a kind ofweak acid, while pure hydrogen fluoride is astrong acid。[1]
Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is a kind of colorless, pungent and toxic gas in normal state, which is easily soluble in water and forms infinite mutual solubility with waterhydrofluoric acid, hydrogen fluoride hasHygroscopicity, "smoke" after moisture absorption in the air;Melting point - 83.37 ℃, boiling point 19.51 ℃, gas density 0.922 kg/mthree(standard state), relative molecular weight 20.008.[1]
Hydrogen fluoride due toIntermolecular hydrogen bondIt has association property toAssociative molecule(HF) form exists. At normal temperature and pressure, hydrogen fluoride molecule is (HF)twoAnd (HF)threeWhen the temperature is above 82 ℃, the gaseous HF basically becomes a single molecular state.Due to intermolecular association, the boiling point of hydrogen fluoride is higher than otherHydrogen halideIt is much higher and shows some abnormal properties.[1]
Hydrogen fluoride has strong chemical reactivity and reacts with many compounds.As solute (in aqueous solution)weak acidAs solventstrong acid, equivalent to anhydrous sulfuric acid, capable ofoxideandhydroxideReact to generate water, andchlorine、bromine、iodineCan occurSubstitution reaction。Can react with most metals, and some metals（Fe、Al、Ni、MgThe reaction will form a fluoride protective film that is insoluble in HF;In the presence of oxygen, copper is quickly corroded by HF, but there is noOxidantWill not react;Some alloys such asMonelGood corrosion resistance to HF, butstainless steelIts corrosion resistance is very poor. When the temperature is not too high,carbon steelIt also has sufficient corrosion resistance.[1]
Hydrogen fluoride, similar to water, has a large dielectric constant (83.6 at 0 ℃), which is an idealsolvent, solvent generated with solutedecomposition reaction。In addition, anhydrous hydrogen fluoride has strong proton giving ability and strong dehydration ability. Once wood and fiber contact with it, they will be carbonized immediately, andalcohol、aldehydeandketoneAnd other organic compounds will be formed after contact and dehydrationpolymer, its dehydration capacity is relatively highsulphuric acid、phosphoric acidWeak.[1]
Hydrogen fluoride is a basic chemical product, and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is an electrolytic manufacturing elementfluorineRaw materials;It is widely used in the chemical industry to replace chlorine in halohydrocarbon by fluorineChlorofluorocarbons, such asDifluorodichloromethane(F12) andDifluorochloromethane(F22), etc;In the petrochemical industryaromatic hydrocarbonAlkylation of aliphatic compoundsHigh octane gasolineLiquid catalyst.[1]
In the electronic industry, anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is used for electrolytic synthesisNitrogen trifluorideRaw materials in semiconductor manufacturing processEtchantEtc.In addition, hydrogen fluoride is used for industrial production of hydrofluoric acid, production of inorganic fluoride, uranium processing, metal processing and etchant in glass industry.[1]
Calculate chemical data
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Reference value for drainage parameter calculation (XlogP): 0.6[2]
Number of hydrogen bond donors: 1[2]
Number of hydrogen bond receptors: 1[2]
Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0[2]
Number of tautomers: 0
Topological molecular polar surface area: 0[2]
Number of heavy atoms: 1[2]
Surface charge: 0[2]
Complexity: 0[2]
Number of isotope atoms: 0[2]
Determine the number of atomic structure centers: 0[2]
Number of uncertain atomic structure centers: 0[2]
Determine the number of chemical bond structure centers: 0[2]
Number of uncertain chemical bond structure centers: 0[2]
2. Irritation: rat percutaneous: 50% (3min), severe irritation;Transocular: 50mg, severe irritation.
3. Subacute and chronic toxicity: 33~41mg/m inhaled by rabbitsthree, average 20mg/mthreeAfter 1-5.5 months, mucous membrane irritation, emaciation, dyspnea, hemoglobin decrease, reticulocyte increase and some animals die.
4. Mutagenicity
DNA damage: Drosophila melanogaster inhales 1300 ppb (6 weeks).
Sex chromosome deletion and non separation: Drosophila melanogaster inhales 2900 ppb.
Cytogenetic analysis: rats inhaled 1mg/mthree, 6 hours a day, 24 days in total (intermittent).
5. The lowest inhalation toxic concentration (TCLo) of rats: 4980 μ g/mthree(1~22d pregnancy), causing fetal death.
Packaging, storage and transportation
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Packaging: copper, iron, nickel, silver platinum or monel alloy containers are often used, and steel pressure containers lined with plastic or fluoroplastic are used under pressure operation;Seamless steel cylinders with low silicon content shall be used, and nickel orNickel base alloyMonel alloy material.Sealing materials are available at normal temperature and pressureFluororubber、teflon、PolytrifluoroethylenePTFE is used within 250 ℃, and recommended above 250 ℃Red coppera seal.The filling pressure of hydrogen fluoride is 2.0MPa, and the filling coefficient is 0.83 kg/L.[1]
Storage and transportation: hydrogen fluoride cylinders shall be stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse with an indoor temperature not exceeding 40 ℃.No fireworks, keep away from fire and heat source, and prevent direct sunlight and rain;Cylinders shall be equipped with safety caps, stored upright and fixed.The warehouse is equipped with leakage detection and alarm devices, leakage prevention and emergency treatment devices (such as automatic sprinkler), regular inspection and records.[1]
