Facilities for observing the vertical distribution of meteorological elements in the atmospheric boundary layer
The weather tower is for observationatmospheric boundary layerFacilities with vertical distribution of meteorological elements.In 1979, China built the first special weather tower with a height of 320 meters in the northern suburbs of Beijing·
Chinese name
Meteorological tower
Meaning
Facilities for observing the vertical distribution of the atmospheric boundary layer
The meteorological tower is a facility for observing the vertical distribution of meteorological elements in the atmospheric boundary layer.With the development of research on atmospheric boundary and pollution diffusion, after the Second World War, countries around the world successively built special meteorological towers equipped with various meteorological observation instruments. At the beginning, the towers were about 100 meters high, and later more than 400 meters high.In addition, there are also those who use TV towers, telecommunication towers and other meteorological instruments for observation, which are higher in height.In 1979, China built the first special weather tower 320 meters high in the northern suburbs of Beijing
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Meteorological tower
The installation height of the instruments on the meteorological tower can be determined according to the needs and possibilities. Generally, the instruments are sparse at the top and dense at the bottom, and logarithmic equidistant distribution is adopted.There are two types of instruments on the tower: one is the vertical gradient observation instrument, which measures the distribution of the average value of temperature, humidity and wind with height;The other is atmospheric turbulence measuring instruments, which continuously measure the instantaneous values of temperature and wind speed. These instruments require small time constants and high observation accuracy (see ground meteorological observation instruments).
In order to avoid the influence of the tower body on the air flow and temperature, the instrument should be installed on the extension rod far away from the tower body as far as possible, and it is better to install two sets of instruments in the 180 degree direction at the same time, so that one set of readings can be selected according to the prevailing wind direction.In order to make the instruments at various heights more comparable, the performance of the instruments must be the same, and the parallel comparison must be carried out frequently.Telemetry instruments are often used on the tower and computer system is equipped to realize the automation of observation program and recording, data storage and processing[1-2]。
"Western Pearl" meteorological tower
The requirements for the site of the meteorological tower are mainly determined by the purpose of building the tower.If used for researchatmospheric boundary layerThe meteorological tower should be built in an area with uniform and flat surface characteristics.If it is used to study the boundary layer atmosphere and environmental pollution in a specific site, the meteorological tower should be built in that site.
Blue Sea Pearl
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The "Blue Sea Pearl" meteorological tower is the first comprehensive meteorological tower in China that integrates popular science education, disaster prevention and mitigation, tourism and meteorological observation.The newly built "West Pearl" meteorological tower is located in the East Lake Ecological Tourism Park of Jiayuguan City. It is jointly invested by the China Meteorological Administration and the Jiayuguan Municipal Government and is 99 meters high.
The shape of this weather tower is like a "dolphin" just jumping out of the blue sea.The shape is intended to be a "pearl" rising on the Gobi Desert, which also echoes Jiayuguan City, which is located in the vast Gobi Desert in the northwest.The meteorological tower has two floors underground and 19 floors above the ground.The first floor above the ground is the science popularization exhibition hall, which uses high-tech means and the means of interaction between visitors and exhibits to popularize disaster prevention and mitigation and meteorological science knowledge to visitors.
The top part of the meteorological tower is meteorological observation equipment, and the tower is equipped with internationally advancedDoppler weather radarThe detection and analysis technology can accurately estimate the rainfall within the radius of 200km of Jiayuguan, and the monitoring distance of large-scale heavy rainfall is more than 400km. It is the main means for real-time monitoring and early warning of severe weather such as gale, thunderstorm, hail, heavy rain, etc.The "Western Pearl" meteorological tower has been opened to local residents and tourists.
