synonymdead language(dead language) generally refers to dead language
Dead language, also known as extinct language, extinct language, dead language and extinct language, refers to a language that no longer has people as their mother tongue.
asTuhoraIt can be called dead language - no one in the world can speak this language, evenAncient writingThere are only a few scholars who know this language. Almost none of the fragments of the Tuhora script found only in Xinjiang, China is complete, and no one uses itCommunication toolsHas.
In some special cases, some empires need to maintain their power by virtue of the prestige of the former destroyed empire, so that the language related to this destroyed empire can continue to be used in sciencelaw, or religion, even if it is already aExtinct language, such extinct languages will still be preserved and continue to be used in non-native ways, such asLatinAndAncient GreekIt is used to create new words in science, while others such asOld church slavonic 、Avesta、Coptic,, and Kishi are still usedreligious ritesOn.
Other organizations will occasionally use these extinct languages for the purpose of creating an atmosphere of specific situations and cultures, such asboy scouts Will be one of themScoutsOne is used in the ritual "Saint Arrow Alliance"North AmericaThe extinct language of the Indian people, Lennelenape.
Lost Language
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detailed
Take the last one asmother tongueThe date of death of the speaker of
Peking Universitymedieval timesDirector of History Research CenterRongxin RiverThe professor pointed out that the history of Xinjiang before the 10th century is very limited in the Chinese and Western historical records, while the translation of these unmodified and original "first-hand archives" of a large number of documents unearthed from the tombs, sites and caves under the ground of Xinjiang in modern times can vividly reproduce the social style and features of that timeProfane Culture It can even be used to collate handed down documents.
The Western Regions represented by Turpan are the four major civilizations of mankind, namelyChinese civilization 、Indian Civilization、Islamic Civilization、ancient GreekRomeThe place where civilizations converge is also ancientworld religionThe most active place.According to the latest research, Turpan has used 24 languages and 18 characters in history, such asSanskrit、Turki、farsi、Syriac languageWait, theseLanguagesMost of them disappeared hundreds or even thousands of years ago, which is called "dead language" by the academic community“Language fossil”。They are living witness of different kinds of human civilization in Turpan.[1]
Under the "restoration" of Professor Rong Xinjiang, people learned that in Khotan during the reign of the Tang Dynasty, the orders issued by the government, the tax collection documents and the contracts between people to buy and sell goods were in Chinese andKhotanese WrittenBilingual textSo that people who do not understand each other's language can understand its content.
In fact, since the beginning of the 20th century, some explorers have found a large number of documents and cultural relics in the Turpan area, and then Turpan studies have gradually emerged in the academic circle.
Sims Williams is rare in the world todaySogdianExpert, he spent 40 years studying the documents unearthed in Turpan. In his opinion,Turfan StudiesThe research is of great significance to the eastern and western academic circles.
He told the reporter: "We have gained many new and unknown languages, which are important for us to carry out linguisticsComparative linguisticsResearch, especially onIndo EuropeanThe research of is very important.Their appearance can reconstruct the history of language in ancient times or even longer ago. "
In recent yearsInternational academic exchangeCooperation also makes it possible for Eastern and Western scholars to jointly decipher "dead language".JapanChinese UniversityProfessorUighurMei Murntan, an expert, said that GermanyBerlinTurpan Institute of Brandenburg Academy of Sciences, JapanChinese AcademyAnd Xinjiang Turpan Research Institute of China are carrying out a three-year cooperative research, specifically for TurpanBezkrik GrottoesThe unearthed non Chinese documents are sorted out and studied.
Turpan area as an ancientthe Silk RoadImportant town, east and westcultural antecedents It is thick, with rich cultural relics on the ground and underground. In recent years, a large number of documents have been unearthed.
Li Xiao, director of the Xinjiang Turpan Cultural Relics Bureau and executive vice president of the Turpan Academy of Studies, said that he would show these valuable materials to international researchersWestern RegionsThe "everybody" of classical language hopes to interpret them through the wisdom of experts and scholars, so that they can be shared by all mankindSpiritual wealthAt the same time, the historical changes on this land should be restored as far as possible.[2]
