Disproportionation reaction

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In the reaction, if the oxidation and reduction occur on the element in the same oxidation state within the same molecule, so that one part of the element atom (or ion) is oxidized and the other part is reduced, then this own redox reaction is called disproportionation reaction.

Chinese name: Disproportionation reaction
Foreign name: Disproportionation reaction
Applicable fields: Redox
Applied discipline: Chemistry

Subordination: Redox reaction
Exceptions: Cornichero reaction
Characteristics: Oxidation and reduction occur within the same molecule
Features: The chemical valence of an element has both rise and fall
Time of publication: 1991

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Disproportionation reaction is a chemical reaction in organic chemistry, which refers to the reaction of two functional groups (usually the same functional group) in a molecule. One functional group loses the hydrogen ion and becomes an ion, while the other functional group receives the hydrogen ion and becomes a reducing substance, so that these functional groups undergo chemical changes in the molecule and react to generate two different products.

In the reaction, if the oxidation and reduction occur on the element in the same oxidation state within the same molecule, part of the atom (or ion) of the element will be oxidized and the other part will be reduced. This own redox reaction is called disproportionation reaction. Disproportionation reaction is a kind of chemical reaction in which the valence of an element increases and decreases. Relative to homing reaction^[1] 。

The disproportionation reaction generally requires an acidic or alkaline reaction environment. Disproportionation reaction is usually expressed in the form of stereoisomers with the same form but different spatial orientation. Disproportionation reaction is very important in organic synthesis, because it can provide chemists with a preparation method for preparing chiral compounds, which is very important for drug synthesis research.

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Related examples	explain	Reaction equation
Chlorine dissolved in water	When chlorine is dissolved in water, half is oxidized and half is reduced to form Hypochloric acid and hydrochloric acid 。	Chemical equation: Ion equation: Note: Cl two Cl in was originally zero valence, and one was increased to Cl after reaction + （ClO - ）, one is reduced to Cl - 。
Chlorine is absorbed by sodium hydroxide	Normal temperature: chlorine and sodium hydroxide The solution reacts at room temperature to produce sodium chloride sodium hypochlorite And water.	Chemical equation: Ion equation: Note: Cl two Cl in was originally zero valence, and one was increased to Cl after reaction + （ClO - ）, one is reduced to Cl - 。
	High temperature: chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide solution at high temperature to form Sodium chlorate , sodium chloride and water.	Chemical equation: Ion equation:
	Reason (explanation of different equations in (1) and (2))	Chemical equation: Ion equation:
Chlorate decomposition	In chloric acid (HClO three ）In the solution, part of Cl (V) is reduced to Cl (IV) and part is oxidized to Cl (VII).	Chemical equation:
Benzaldehyde reacts with strong base	Benzaldehyde in Potassium hydroxide (or sodium hydroxide ）Partial oxidation in solution to Potassium benzoate （ Sodium benzoate ）, partially restored to Benzyl alcohol 。	Ion equation:
Toluene disproportionation	Toluene transfers methyl in one toluene molecule to another under the action of catalyst (usually silicon aluminum catalyst) to generate a benzene molecule and a xylene molecule. This reaction is called disproportionation reaction. One toluene and one trimethylbenzene can also undergo disproportionation reaction (also called alkylation transfer reaction) to generate two xylene molecules. This method is used in industry to produce benzene and xylene with wide applications.	——
Sodium peroxide absorbs carbon dioxide	Sodium peroxide absorbs carbon dioxide to produce sodium carbonate and oxygen	Chemical equation: Na two O two Where O is - 1, while Na two CO three O in is - 2 price, O two The valence of O in is 0, so Na two O two The valence of O increases and decreases, which is called disproportionation reaction.
Aldehydes generate carboxylic acids and alcohols	Aldehydes without α - hydrogen atoms undergo intermolecular oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of strong base (concentration) to generate carboxylic acids and alcohols, also called Cornichero reaction 。	Two different α - hydrogen free aldehydes undergo the cross Cornichero reaction. One aldehyde is oxidized to carboxylic acid, and the other aldehyde is reduced to alcohol. Theoretically, there are four products.