It is one of the terminal branches of the brachial arteryUlnar arterySlightly small.The radial artery is about 21.2 cm long, and the external diameter of its origin is about 0.3 cm.After the brachial artery is separated, it goes outward and downward, first between the brachioradialis muscle and the pronator teres muscle, then between the flexor carpi radialis radialis muscle and the brachioradialis muscle, to the lower end of the radius, obliquely crossing the deep surface of the tendon of the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis muscle to the back of the hand, entering the anatomical nasopharyngeal fossa, passing through the first metacarpal space into the deep palm of the hand, and after the main artery of the thumb is separated, it is anastomosed with the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery to form the deep palmar arch.The radial artery is shallow between the lower end of the radius and the flexor carpi radialis tendon, which is an ideal place for palpation and puncture.The radial artery is accompanied by two constant veins.Draw a straight line from 2.5 cm below the center of the cubital fossa outward to the inside of the styloid process of the radius, which is the body surface projection of the radial artery.
Branches of the radial artery: ① the radial recurrent artery, starting from the upper part of the radial artery, runs outwards and upwards, and is anastomosed with the radial collateral artery; ② the muscular branches, which are several, are distributed in the forearm extensor muscles. ③The carpometacarpal branch, originating from the lower edge of the pronator muscle, runs to the ulnar side, and anastomoses with the artery of the same name originating from the ulnar artery in the deep surface of the flexor tendon to participate in the carpometacarpal lateral network. ④The superficial palmar branch originates before the radial artery turns into the back of the hand and descends into the palm. Its branches are distributed behind the thenar muscle and anastomose with the superficial palmar branch of the ulnar artery to form the superficial palmar arch. ⑤The dorsal carpal branch is sent out after the radial artery turns into the back of the hand and joins the dorsal carpal network. ⑥The dorsal metacarpal artery originates before the radial artery penetrates the first interosseous dorsal muscle.It is divided into three branches, which are distributed downward on both sides of the back of the thumb and the radial edge of the back of the index finger. ⑦The main artery of the thumb, which originates after the radial artery turns into the palm of the hand, descends through the deep surface of the oblique head of the adductor hallucis muscle to the vicinity of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and is divided into two branches, which are distributed on both sides of the palmar surface of the thumb.The main artery of the thumb is often connected with the superficial palmar arch by a large anastomotic branch, which forms another arterial arch besides the superficial palmar arch and the deep palmar arch. ⑧The radial artery of the index finger usually originates from the main artery of the thumb and runs along the radial side of the index finger.
2、 Radial artery spasm
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（1） Introduction:
Coronary intervention is a minimally invasive non-surgical treatment for coronary heart disease.Femoral coronary intervention (TFI) is gradually replaced by radial coronary intervention (TRI) because it is prone to complications such as puncture site hematoma, vasovagal reflex, lower limb vein thrombosis, arteriovenous fistula, pseudoaneurysm, etc.TRI is a new type of interventional therapy, which is less invasive, less complications, no need for position restrictions after surgery, and more easily accepted by doctors and patients.The biggest obstacle to its application is that the radial artery is very easy to spasm.Radial artery spasm (RAS) can cause puncture failure, limb pain, intimal injury, radial artery occlusion and prolonged operation time, or even failure to successfully complete the operation;If the sheath is forcibly pulled out when RAS occurs, there is a risk of sheath breakage and radial artery tear.
（2） Definition of spasticity score:
60% of the patients with radial artery stenosis scored 3 points, and 4 points were scored for clinical manifestations such as pushing and rotating difficulty of the catheter due to spasm, pain in the upper arm of the patient during operation, high resistance during extubation, and pain.
