Huan Chong (328-384), with the name of Youzi, Xiaozi Maidelang, and Qiao GuoLongkang County(TodayAnhui ProvinceHuaiyuan County）People.Eastern Jin DynastyFamous generals of the period, including General Zheng Lu, General Zhenwei, Governor of Jiangzhou, and Duke Fengcheng.Internal History of XuanchengHuanyiSon, DasimaHuanwenBrother.[27][28-29]
Huan Chong came from the Huan family of Longkang, a famous family in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.In his early years, he followed Huan Wen to fight in all directions and defeated successivelyYao Xiang, recoveryLuoyangCaptured Zhou Cheng, defeated Zhang Jun, and made many achievements.In the first year of Ningkang (373), Huan Wenhong died and Huan Chong left townJianglingHe led the governor of Jiangzhou and made outstanding achievements in his office. He was deeply loved by the people. He also worked together with the Xie family of Chenjun to defend both the east and the westPre QinYou can help Xie Xuan with his attackBattle of FeishuiTo win a big victory.[1-12]
TaiyuanIn the ninth year (384), Huanchong died at the age of 57. The people of Jiangling were so sad that they cried goodbye to Huanchong's coffin in Linjiang.The Imperial Court posthumously presented the title of Taiwei with the posthumous title of Xuanmu.afterHuan XuanHe claimed the title of emperor, established the Huanchu regime, and gave posthumously to Taifu and Xuancheng King.[13-14]
RoutYao Xiang, recoveryLuoyangCapture Zhou Cheng, destroy Zhang Jun, defeatZhang Chong[1-3][11] Out of townJianglingAnd won the support of the people[14]
Official position
General on horseback, governor of Jingzhou, governor of Jiangzhou
Huan Chong was first appointed as Yingyang General, Zhenman Guard and Xiyang Prefecture Chief.Jin Mu DiYongheTen years (354), Huan Chong followedHuanwen Northern ExpeditionPre Qin, earlyBailuyuanDefeat the Prime Minister of the former Qin DynastyFu XiongSoon Fu Xiong turned the defeat into victory, and the Jin army killed and wounded tens of thousands of soldiers.After the war, they moved their captains to Nanyang, Xiangyang, Xinye, Yiyang, Shunyang, Jingzhao of Yongzhou, and the military of Yicheng Seventh County, General Ningshuo, and the prefect of Yicheng Xinye Second County of Yangzhou to guard Xiangyang.In the 12th year of Yonghe (356), Huanchong followedHuanwenNorthern Expedition, and finallyYao XiangAfter being defeated and fleeing, Zhou Cheng, who had Luoyang, surrendered and recoveredLuoyang。Huan Chong's number of achievementsConsul General, Yu MudiLevelingIn four years (360 years), it was awarded to Duke Fengcheng.[1][30]
Out of Jiangzhou
Soon, Huan Chong moved General Zhenwei, the governor of Jiangzhou, the leader of the town's barbarian guards, the prefects of Xiyang and Qiao.However, in theEmperor Ai of JinXingningIn the first year (363), Zhang Jun, an old general of Yao Xiang who had surrendered during Huan Wen's Northern Expedition, took advantage of Huan Chong's presence in Jiangling but did not take office in Jiangzhou, led the people to kill Zhao Pi, the governor of Jiangzhou, looted and burned the official treasury of Wuchang, and then returned to the north.Huan Chong sent generals to defeat Zhang Jun and took office in Jiangzhou.In the third year of Xingning (365 years),HuanwenHe moved to Yangzhou as governor last yearRecord the BookAt that time, from Neizhen to Gushu, Huanchong was sent to Jiangzhou, Jiangxia and Suijun in Jingzhou, and all military personnel in six prefectures in Yingchuan, three prefectures in Runan, Xiyang, Xincai in Yuzhoumilitary officer in charge of the security of the royal palace, Jiangzhou GovernorFalse knotThe rest are the same.With brotherHuan HuoIt is divided into Zhangjiang and Jinger prefectures.[2]
Take over the elder brother's position
Among Huanwen's younger brothers, Huanchong was the most knowledgeable and had military talents, so he was highly valued by Huanwen.Because of the son of HuanwenHuan XiThe talent was weak, so in the first year of Ningkang (373)HuanwenWhen he was seriously ill, Huan Chong led his troops.However, at this time, Huan Xi was not satisfied, and even moreHuan JiAnd his uncle who resented Huan Wen for his dismissalHuan MiConspiracy to kill Huan Chong.Huan Chong knew their plan secretly, so he did not dare to visit the doctor.After Huan Wen died that year, Huan Chong sent people to capture Huan Xi and Huan Ji and then went to Huan Wen's funeral. Later Huan Mi was abandoned and Huan Xi and Huan Ji were exiled to Huan WenChangsha。
Huan Chong then movedChinese general, Governor Yang Yu Jiang, Military Affairs of Three Prefectures, Governor Yang Yu Two Prefectures, Festivals, TownA humble person。Huan Wen was not a minister, and in the past, Huan Wen was in charge of the death penalty;However, Huan Chong was loyal to the royal family after taking his place. He not only reported the execution to the imperial court first, but also refused to persuade Huan Chong to kill Shi Wang and take over power exclusively.[3]
NingkangThree years (375), whenShangshu Minion ShootingXie An was the assistant governor. He had a high reputation, and all the people wanted to return. So Huan Chong planned to dismiss him as the governor of Yangzhou and give him up to Xie An, so that he could find his own town.This decision was opposed by the Huan Party members at that time,Chi ChaoHe also tried to dissuade him, but Huan Chong was determined and did not give upYangzhou GovernorIt is a pity that this position, which is in charge of the capital and the capital, is so powerful that it only cares about the country.In the same year, he changed the military affairs of the five states and the governor of Xuzhou toBeizhonglang MansionIncorporate into the General's Mansion of the Chinese Army and leave Jingkou.[4]
TaiyuanIn the first year (376), Xie An intended to be a foreign relativeWang YunOut of town, he asked Huan Chong to dismiss him as governor of Xuzhou and move totitle of a commanding generalThe governor of Yuzhou, who was in charge of the military affairs of Anfeng Xiangcheng, Lujiang River, Huainan, Yangyang, and the six prefectures of Xunyang, Jiangzhou.[5]
In the same year, before Qin attacked Liang, Huan Chong and his brotherThe King's General Huan Huo cooperated and sent a governor of YuzhouHuanyiIn Shouyang, Liu Bo, the governor of Huainan, led the navy to Huai and Si, andHuan HuoThe troops ordered to attack Mianyang and Han jointly harassed the former Qin Dynasty to alleviatePrecoolingPressure.[6]After receiving the news of Qianliang's demise, he left the army.
Jingzhou
In the second year of Taiyuan (377),Huan HuoAfter his death, Huan Chong moved to the Dudu River, Jingliang, Yining, Jiaoguang, the seven prefectures of Yangzhou, and became the military personnel in the east of Yangzhou, Jingzhaosi Prefecture, Yongzhou, leading the Nanman school captain, Jingzhou governor, and holding the town of Jiangling.When Huan Chong set outEmperor Xiaowu of the Jin DynastyAt the Xitang farewell party, Xie Angeng saw off to Lizhou.[7]
After Huanchong arrived in Jingzhou, he wanted to move the town to strengthen the defense, so he invited the people from JiangbeiJianglingIt changed the town of Shangming in Jiangnan.At that time, Jingzhou suffered from famine due to floods and droughts. The imperial court transported 300000 Hu rice grains every year to support Huanchong's military food expenditure.[8]In the third year of Taiyuan (378), Fujian sent a large army to invade the south, and Luyang, Nanxiang, Nanyang and other places were all occupiedShiyueandYao ChangAnd Murong TuiFu PiandPower onandMurong WeiJointly attacking the governor of LiangzhouZhu XuXiangyang.At that time, although Huan Chong had 70000 soldiers in Shangming, he was afraid of the Qin army and did not dare to attack. Liu Bo was also afraid of advancing. FinallyZhu XuXiangyang was captured after defeat.Huan Chong asked for dismissal after the war, but he was not allowed. Later, he was more leftistGeneral WeiZhang Xuanzhi went to Huanchong to consult the military.[9]
In the sixth year of Taiyuan (381), General Yan Zhen and Wu Zhong of the Qin Dynasty led troops to invade the southJingling TombHuan Chong sent Huan Shiqian and Huan Shimin to resist, defeated Yan Zhen and forced him to retreat to the city. Huan Shiqian continued to attack, successfully captured the city and captured 29 people including Yan Zhen.In the following year, Huanchong sent Yang Wei General Zhu Chuo to attack Xiangyang, burning the former Qin garrison fields in northern Mianyang and looting more than 600 families to return to the south.[10]However, at this time, the former King of QinFu JianDetermined to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and has been ordered in YizhouPei YuanlueWang Fu and Wang Fu prepared to invade the country, and also made many moves of generals to prepare for the destruction of Jin.
TaiyuanIn May of the eighth year (383), on the eve of the invasion of the former Qin Dynasty to the south, Huan Chong led 100000 troops from the Shang Ming Dynasty to attack the former Qin Dynasty in the northXiangyangLiu BoHuan ShiqianHe ordered the general of Fuguo to attack the cities in northern MianyangYang LiangAttack Shu and continue to attack after capturing five citiesFuchengWudang was also called General YingyangGuo QuanTake it, and don't take Wansui and Zhuyang again.Fu Jian sent a general to fight against the SouthFu RuiXiangyang was rescuedMurong Chui、ShiyueAs the vanguard, he marched to Mianshui and ordered each soldier to carry ten torches at night, pretending to be a huge force.Huan Chong was afraid of the army of Qin when he fell into a trap, and because the army had diseases, he withdrew to Shangming. Yang Liang also withdrew because of the reinforcements from the former Qin Dynasty entering Sichuan. Huan Shiqian andGuo QuanAfter defeating Zhang Chong who came to Wudang for help, he also captured 2000 families and returned to the south.After the war, Huan rushed to the imperial court to recommend Huan Shiqian as the governor of Xiangcheng and the governor of Xiakou;At the same time, please give wayWang HuiHe was appointed as governor of Jiangzhou, but Wang Hui resigned because of the death of his brother Wang Shao. Huan Chong was dissatisfied with Xie An's change to Xie Yao's appointment, so he asked himself to be governor of Jiangzhou.[11]
In August, the former Qin Dynasty officially sent troops to invade the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Fu JianFu RongrateMurong ChuiThey used two hundred and fifty thousand people on foot as the vanguard. However, they mainly attacked Shouyang (nowAnhuiShouxian County）, andYao ChangThe military forces in Yiliang and Liangzhou were authorized to kill themselvesFu ShengOn the throneGeneral Long Xiang, with high hopes, it seems that he will lead the new water army in Yizhou to contain Huanchong;In additionMurong ChuiDon't attack Yuncheng near Jiangxia, Jingzhou.At that time, Huan Chong saw that the former Qin Dynasty was trying hard to invade the south, so he sent three thousand elite soldiers inJiankangIn order to save the capital, Xie An thought that even if there were more than 3000 people, there would be less than the enemy, so he refused Huanchong to send troops into Jingzhou and asked Huanchong to defend Jingzhou.But Huan Chong was against Xie An SectXie XuanThey did not expect the countermeasures to resist the former Qin Dynasty. They even pointed out to the assistant Xie An that "the enemy is coming down, and there is no time for them to talk". They also pointed out that Xie Xuan and other people sent by Xie An are "young people who don't have to deal with affairs", and they thought that the war would be defeated and everyone would be ruled by the Hu people.However, Xie Xuan was born inFeishuiThe former Qin army was captured in Xiangyang that dayZhu XuHe also returned to the Eastern Jin Dynasty after the war.Huan Chong felt that he had lost his words and was captured because Zhu Xu, who was trying to defend his homeland, had cooperated closely with Xie Xuan and others. At that time, Zhu Xu was ashamed to defeat the former Qin Dynasty and return home successfully.[12]
Shame and indignation die of illness
Huan Chong takes it for a long timeWushisanHe died on February 27, 384, when he was 57 years old.Posted by the Imperial CourtTaiwei，Posthumous titleIt is Xuanmu.[13]
When Huanchong's coffin passed by the Jiangling Tomb, all men, women, old and young saw Huanchong off by the river, crying bitterly.laterHuan XuanHe usurped the throne and presented Huan Chong as Taifu and Xuancheng King.[14]
Anecdotes and allusions
Announce
edit
Exchange sheep for quality
HuanyiWhen he died, the eldest sonHuanwenOnly fifteen years old, the brothers are very young.At that time, the family was poor, and the mother was sick, so she needed to eat sheep to cure her illness.However, because the family had no money to buy sheep at that time, Huanwen used Huanchong as collateral to exchange sheep with the sheep owner.The sheep owner told Huanwen not to use Huanchong as collateral, but he wanted to raise Huanchong for the Huan family.Later, Huan Chong took his first postJiangzhouWhen the governor was out hunting, he met the sheep owner. Huan Chong recognized the sheep owner and took the initiative to go to meet him. He even thanked him for his kindness to send sheep and raise them on that day.[15]
Not wearing new clothes
Huan Chong likes bathing and often takes Wushisan. His skin is sensitive, the old clothes are soft, and the new clothes have a lot of friction, so he doesn't like the new clothes. Once, Huan Chong's wife deliberately gave new clothes to Huan Chong after bathing.Huan Chong was so angry that he ordered someone to take the new clothes away, but his wife ordered someone to take them back, saying, "If there is no new clothes, where can we get the old clothes?" Huan Chong laughed and put on the new clothes.[16]
Die of anger
Battle of FeishuiWhen the news of his victory reached Jingzhou, Huan Chong was hunting. When he heard the news, he said to the left and right, "The young people are grateful and the thieves are broken." Soon he fell ill and died.[17]historianTian YuqingThe interpretation of this is: "If Huan Chong does not die, the contradiction between Huan Chong and Xie Xie will eventually break out into chaos after the great victory in Feishui, so Huan Chong's reputation will be hard to maintain. Huan Chong's death saved his reputation, and also eased the contradiction between Huan Chong and Xie Xie temporarily, so it is said that this death is better than giving up Yang."[18]
Historical evaluation
Announce
edit
Power wing：“Xie AnHuan Chong, Jiang Biao is a great talent. It can be said that there are some people in Jin. "[31]
Fang XuanlingEtc《Jin Shu》: ① "Wen brothers are the most knowledgeable, and there are martial cadres, and Wen is the best."; ②"Impulsive and frugal, but modest and loving people."; ③"The courage of benevolent people is beyond measure! The highest level of infrastructure is the highest level of pollution, and dragons and snakes are the most powerful in the mountains and lakes. They are aggressive in the interior, fierce in the upper reaches, reverent in strengthening the prestige of the north gate, showing off the affairs of the west sun, and being able to defend the city outside. There is no suspicion of being inferior in the interior. It can also be counted as seeking famous officials."; ④"To be upright, to proclaim the city, to be faithful, to be honest, to follow the dew, to be famous, to be pious, to respect the world, to show both beauty and beauty, to rely on loyal officials, to promote talents, to shake up Wu Qianwen, to find the city as a group, and to return to the country to usurp the chaos, to be able to hold the ground?"[19]
Lv Simian: "Chong Zhi is a man of elegance and gentleness. He has a heart of loyalty. He does not want to be separated from others, nor is he totally inferior to his talents. His power is unavoidable. He has been warm for a long time, and has always harbored a rebellious heart. His residual poison cannot be eliminated in one day, so Huan Xuan has enough resources to construct a rebellion.However, when Fu Jian joined the bandits, Jin's efforts to overcome difficulties depended on the non aggression of the upstream and downstream.Chong is also worthy. "[20]
Huanyi, Wanning County male, who made up the internal history of Xuancheng City. After the death of Su Jun in the early days of Emperor Cheng, he gave a posthumous title to Ting Wei, whose posthumous title was Jian, and Xian'an Zhonggai gave a gift to Taichang.[21-22]
brother
Huanwen, character zi, a symbol zi, the representative of the Huan family of the State of Qiao.Huanwen's posthumous title was Xuanwu.Its sonHuan XuanestablishHuanchuLater, he was honored as "Emperor Xuanwu of Chu".
Huan Yun, word Yunzi, general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who died four years after he was promoted, presentGeneral Pingnan, posthumously named Zhen.[23]
Huan Huo, named Langzi, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,Huanyisecond son,TaiyuanHe died on August C, 377, at the age of 58.Posted by the Imperial CourtSikong, posthumously titled Jing.[24]
Huan Si, Huanchong's eldest son, heir, general Jianwei and governor of Jiangzhou.
Huan Qian, the second son of Huanchong, the founding marquis of Yiyang County, the official of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the general of the Western Zhonglang, and the governor of Jingzhou.Later Huan Xuan came to power, and took him as a bodyguard, a general, an official, and an official.After usurping the throne, Huan Xuan led the governor of Yangzhou and granted the title of King Xin'an.Huan Xuan and Huan Zhen defected to Yao Xing after losing one after another and were killed by Liu Daogui.
Huan Xiu, Huan Chongzi, an official of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, went to the general of Zhenglu and the governor of Jiangzhou.After Huan Xuan came to power, he entered the army general.After usurping the throne, Huan Xuan was appointed as the general of the Fujun, and became king of An.Later, he was killed by Liu Yu.
