Gregory XIII

227th Pope

Pope Gregory XIII (January 7, 1502 - April 10, 1585), also translated as Gregory XIII, Gregory XIII, and Guorui XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni, was the 227th Pope (from May 13, 1572 to April 10, 1585). He reformed the calendar in 1582 AD, forming today's Gregorian calendar 。

The Catholic Diocese of Macao was established by its order in 1576. In office, the church Paris organization Night of Saint Bartholomew Massacre Huguenot The believers were killed.^[1]

Formerly known as Ugo Boncompagni, after assuming the throne, he expressed his determination to implement the resolutions of the Trento Conference, start to rectify the Catholic Church, and promote anti Reformation Movement 。 His appointment cardinal A committee was set up to examine the misconduct of priests and to approve the Holy See's Catalogue of Prohibited Books. Establish several colleges and seminaries, including Gregory University And entrust these educational institutions to the Jesuit Society.

True name: Gregory XIII
date of birth: June 7, 1502
Date of death: April 10, 1585

Key achievements: Promulgated Gregorian calendar , to replace Julian calendar
Foreign name: Pope Gregory XIII
Nationality: Italy
Gender: male

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Evaluation of later generations

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Later generations often accused him of supporting Irish rebels against the Queen of England Elizabeth I Anti Catholic action. Occurred in Paris on August 24, 1572 Night of Saint Bartholomew Massacre, mass Huguenot The believers were killed. Gregory sang in Rome afterwards Praise This was also condemned as a celebration.

Herding emblem of Gregory XIII

In 1582, he Naples Astronomer and physicist Gilardi and Germanic mathematician Jesuit With the help of Cravey, he corrected the Julian calendar The Gregorian calendar, which is commonly used in modern society Gregorian calendar 。 Catholic Diocese of Macau stay 1576 It is established by its order.

And Japanese envoys

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On March 23, 1585, four young ambassadors from Japan visited Pope Gregory XIII. As early as 1582, the name of the Catholic Church in Kyushu, Japan Dayouyi Town 、 Omura Sumitada 、 Arima Harunobu It was decided to send four teenagers to the Holy See. A group of people set out from Nagasaki by Portuguese ship, passed through Macao in China, Kachin Port in India, and Cape of Good Hope in Africa, arrived in Lisbon, Portugal, then entered Spain and Italy. In March 1585, they arrived in Rome, the destination, and paid a visit to Pope Gregory XIII, presenting letters and gifts from three famous people. During their short stay in Rome, the Pope passed away, so they took part in the coronation ceremony of Hister V. After getting the reply that the new pope agreed to spend money every year to help Japan set up a theological seminary, the youth mission began to return home. In July 1590, he finally returned to Nagasaki, ending his eight year long mission, and brought back a large number of Western items such as movable type printing presses. With this printing machine, the church has opened printing houses in Nagasaki, Tiancao and other places, and printed many books in Roman and Japanese.

Reform the calendar

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Officially promulgated by Pope Gregory XIII Gregorian calendar , to replace Julian calendar

The current Gregorian calendar (English: Gregorian calendar) is also translated into the Gregorian calendar and Gregorian calendar Italy Aloysius Lilius, a doctor and philosopher, reformed the calendar established by the Julian calendar, which was promulgated by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. The Gregorian calendar is a kind of solar calendar, which was formally adopted in China in 1912, replacing the traditional Chinese calendar, the Summer Calendar (lunar calendar), which is a kind of Yin Yang Calendar Therefore, the Gregorian calendar is also called the Gregorian calendar, the Western calendar and the New calendar in Chinese. Like the Julian calendar, the Gregorian calendar also sets a leap day at the end of February every four years, but the Gregorian calendar specifically stipulates that all century years (which can be divided by 100) do not set a leap day unless they can be divided by 400; Thus, every 400 years, there are only 97 leap years in the Gregorian calendar, which is 3 leap years less than the Julian calendar. The average length of the Gregorian calendar over the years is 365.2425 days, which is close to 365.24219 days of the average regression year, that is, about one day of error every 3300 years, and more close to 365.24237 days of the equinox regression year, that is, about one day of error every 8000 years; The calendar year of the Julian calendar is 365.25 days, with an error of one day every 128 years. By 1582, there was a difference of 10 days between the Julian equinox (March 21) and the actual time of the Earth's revolution to the equinox. Therefore, at the beginning of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, it was stipulated that the day following Thursday, October 4, 1582, in the original Julian calendar was Friday, October 15, 1582, in the Gregorian calendar, that is, 10 days were deleted, but the original week cycle remained unchanged. The Gregorian calendar follows the Julian calendar. Since the traditional birth year of Jesus, it is called "AD" or "Western Yuan".^[1]

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