Glenn Theodore Sieberg was awardedUniversity of California, Los Angelesbaccalaureate;Obtained in 1937University of California, Berkeleydoctorate;1937-1939 University of California, BerkeleyGilbert Newton Lewis Laboratory assistant;Lecturer, University of California, Berkeley, 1939;He was promoted to assistant professor in 1941;1942-1946University of ChicagoleaderManhattan Project Plutonium production;He was promoted to professor in 1945;Deputy Director of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory since 1954;1958-1961 President of the University of California, Berkeley;1961-1971American Atomic Energy Commissionchairman;In 1971, he returned to the University of California, Berkeley as a professor of chemistry;In the United States on February 25, 1999CaliforniaHe died at the age of 86.[3]
Glenn Theodore Sieberg began his academic career in the research of natural radioactive elements, and then turned to the research of synthetic radioactive elements.[3]
In 1948, he was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry In 1958, he was elected as an academician of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
In 1971, he returned to the University of California, Berkeley as a professor of chemistry.
1972-1975, director of the Nuclear Chemistry Research Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley.
On February 25, 1999, he died in California at the age of 86.[3]
Glenn Theodore Seaborg
Key achievements
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Scientific research achievements
Overview of scientific research
Glenn Theodore Seaborg
In the 1930s, Glenn Theodore Sieberg cooperated with physicist John Livinggood to use a 37 inch cyclotron to prepare and discover dozens of new isotopes, such as isotopes131i 。In February 1942, Siberg led his research team to useDeuteronbombardmenturaniumProduced isotopePlutonium-238。Later, new isotopes were preparedPlutonium-239It is found that it is easy to cause nuclear fission(Because of the potential military value of nuclear weapons, these achievementsthe Second World WarIt was published in 1946 after the end.These discoveries prompted the US government to decide to build a plutonium producing nuclear reactor for the US atomic bomb program.)。In April 1942, Siberg went to the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago to lead the chemical extraction and purification of plutonium.[3]
In 1944, Siberg proposed“Actinide theory”, think thanActiniumHeavy 14 elements, asActinide element(5f) Transition series, arranged in the periodic tableLanthanide(4f);Like lanthanides, heavier actinides are difficult to oxidize to an oxidation state above+3 valence.At the end of the same year, they successfully separated and identified new elements 95 and 96, which were later namedAmericiumandCuriumThe actinide theory has been confirmed.[3]
Glenn Theodore Seaborg
From June 1946 to 1958, SibergAlbert Ghiorso Prepare and identify No. 97-102 with other cooperatorsTransuranic element。Among them,Berkeleton(Bk, 97) andCalifornium(Cf, 98) was made at Berkeley's 60 inch cyclotron from 1949 to 1950.[3]
Academic treatise
Glenn Theodore Siberg has written more than 500 academic papers and works in his life.[3]
Patent achievements
Glenn Theodore Sieberg applied for more than 40 patents in his life.[3]
personnel training
Instruct students
By 1979, Glenn Theodore Sieberg had supervised more than 65 doctoral students.[3]
Teaching courses
Glenn Theodore Sieberg teaches courses in nuclear chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley.[5]
Honor recognition
Glenn Theodore Siberg has won more than 50 honorary doctorates in his life and is an academician of more than 10 national academies of science.[3]
Some honors
time
Honor recognition
1947
One of the top ten outstanding young people in the United States
1947
American Chemical Society Pure Chemistry Award
1948
John Ericsson Gold Award of American Swedish Engineer Association
1948
National Academy of Sciences
1948
University of California, Berkeley Alumni of the Year Award[11]
1948
Nichols Medal of the New York Branch of the American Chemical Society
Glenn Theodore Sieberg's grandparents were fromSwedenImmigration;Father Herman Theodore Seaborg was born in 1880 in the United StatesIshpumin；Her mother, Selma Olivia Eriksson, was born in southern Sweden and moved to Ishpoming in the United States in 1904.His parents met on June 24, 1908, Sweden on June 24, 1911Midsummer Festival, they are married.His father, who used to work as a machinist in an iron factory in Ishpoming, USA, never found a permanent job in California, and his family was in financial distress.When he was very young, Siberg earned pocket money by delivering newspapers, cleaning the lawn and doing odd jobs.[3]
marriage and family
In June 1942, Glen Theodore Sieberg married Helen Lucille Griggs, who wasErnest O. Lawrence Secretary of.The marriage lasted 56 years.Siberg always called Griggs one of the most beautiful discoveries in his life.They have six children.[3]
Glenn T. Seaborg was one of the most remarkable and influential chemists of the 20th Century.(Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles)[8]
Dr. Seaborg was a true giant of the 20th Century,a legend in the annals of scientific discovery.）。(Charles Shank, then director of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)[10]
Glenn Theodore Siberg will be remembered as a brilliant scientist, an inspiring teacher, and a loyal public servant,an inspiring teacher, a devoted public servant, and lastly, as a kind, gentle, and unassuming person.）。(Alexis Bell, then Dean of the School of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley)[11]
Character influence
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asteroid
In 1995,Eugene M. Shoemaker And his wife Caroline named an asteroid they found Glenn Theodore Sieberg.[4]
chemical element
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC) at the 1997 international conference, decided to name theAlbert Ghiorso The No. 106 element (Sg) discovered with him broke the convention that chemical elements cannot be named after living people.[2]
Science Center
In 1998, the University of Northern Michigan established the Glenn Sieberg Center for Science and Mathematics Teaching at the University of Northern Michigan.[3]
